Exploration of heat and mass transfer subjected to first order chemical reaction and thermal radiation: Comparative dynamics of nano, hybrid and tri-hybrid particles over dual stretching surface

Abstract

This research is made to explore the combined influence of Soret and Dufour effect over dual stretchable porous surface considering the thermal radiation, mixed convection, and chemical reaction. Numerous researchers investigated that the thermal conductivity of host fluid increases from 10% to 40% when nanometer size particles are mixed in the host fluid. The augmentation of thermal conductivity of formed fluid depends upon numerous mechanisms of mixed nanoparticles like volume fraction and size of nanoparticles. So, in this research article, we considered three different types of nanoparticles to prepare the different nanofluids. The governing equations are converted through similarity transformation and numerically tackled in MATLAB via the boundary value problem algorithm. The numerical outcomes are validated with the published material. Graphs and tables are used to discuss the effects of various factors on momentum, energy, concentration, skin friction coefficient, and Nusselt and Sherwood's number. High heat and the mass transfer rate is perceived in the absence of rotation and porous medium parameter for all type of nanofluids. The skin friction increases along the x-axis and y-axis when the rotation of the fluid increases. Furthermore, a 33% improved heat transfer rate and reduced skin friction are noted for triple nanoparticle nanofluid which indicates its best performance as compared to both other nanofluids.