Modulation Mixing Research Articles

Identifying Drug Sensitivity Subnetworks with NETPHIX

SummaryPhenotypic heterogeneity in cancer is often caused by different patterns of genetic alterations. Understanding such phenotype-genotype relationships is fundamental for the advance of personalized medicine. We develop a computational method, named NETPHIX (NETwork-to-PHenotype association with eXclusivity) to identify subnetworks of genes whose genetic alterations are associated with drug response or other continuous cancer phenotypes. Leveraging interaction information among genes and properties of cancer mutations such as mutual exclusivity, we formulate the problem as an integer linear program and solve it optimally to obtain a subnetwork of associated genes. Applied to a large-scale drug screening dataset, NETPHIX uncovered gene modules significantly associated with drug responses. Utilizing interaction information, NETPHIX modules are functionally coherent and can thus provide important insights into drug action. In addition, we show that modules identified by NETPHIX together with their association patterns can be leveraged to suggest drug combinations.

Tunable microlens array fabricated by a silicone oil-induced swelled polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane bonded to a micro-milled microfluidic chip.

Microlens arrays (MLAs) nowadays are critical micro-optical components and they can be applied in many application fields, such as optical communication systems and flat panel display modules. This article describes a novel approach to the fabrication of tunable, highly reliable, and uniform polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) MLAs. A polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane is bonded to a micro-milled poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) microfluidic chip and exposed to silicone oil of a specific viscosity. Molecules in the oil insert themselves into the molecular structure of the PDMS membrane, causing it to swell and subsequently form dome-shaped MLAs. From our experiments, we derived the following conclusions. First, the homogeneous swelling of the PDMS resulted in MLAs with a high numerical aperture (0.5), high uniformity illumination (CV of the illumination intensity is between 2.5%∼5.1%), and high uniformity (CV of sag height of MLAs is less than 0.05). Second, the shorter molecular chains in low-viscosity oils diffused more readily into the PDMS membrane, which increased the effects on swelling, resulting in MLAs with higher sag height and higher numerical aperture. For example, the 5 cst silicone oil resulted in sag height of 191 µm with NA of 0.50, whereas the 100 cst silicone oil resulted in sag height of 86 µm with numerical aperture of 0.33. Finally, the integrated mixer module enabled the simultaneous tuning of the 7 × 7 MLAs simply by adjusting the injection flow rates of the constituent silicone oils.

Multi-Band RF Transceiver Based on the Polarization Multiplexed Photonic LOs and Mixers

A photonics-based multi-band RF transceiver is proposed and demonstrated. Both for the multi-band transmitter and receiver sections, the polarization multiplexed photonic LO unit is shared, and the dual-polarization photonic mixer modules with similar structures are introduced. The architectural complexity is reduced, bringing benefits to the reliability, dimensions, and cost of the system. Based on the same transceiver, RF signals in four bands can be simultaneously generated, and the RF echoes can be processed to the same IF band with the interference effectively suppressed. The strict requirements with either the photonic or the electrical filters are avoided. Furthermore, the generation and processing capability can be extended to being with 4 N RF signals by introducing a polarization orthogonal optical frequency comb (OFC). The proposed architecture is therefore promising for the future cognitive radar systems which need to work in multiple bands and have a variety of functions to learn, infer, and react to the environment. A proof-of-concept experiment is taken. Four RF signals covering X, Ku, K and Ka bands with 1-GHz instantaneous bandwidth are simultaneously generated and processed. More than 26-dB crosstalk suppression ratio is realized for the four bands. The ranging operated in K- and Ka-bands simultaneously are also implemented.

300-GHz-Band 120-Gb/s Wireless Front-End Based on InP-HEMT PAs and Mixers

We developed a 300-GHz-band 120-Gb/s wireless transceiver front-ends (TRX) using our in-house InP-based high-electron-mobility-transistor (InP-HEMT) technology for beyond-5G. The TRX is composed of the RF power amplifiers (PAs), mixers, and local oscillation (LO) PAs which are all packaged in individual waveguide (WG) modules by using a ridge coupler for low-loss WG-to-IC transition. RF PAs are designed using the low-impedance inter-stage-matching technique to reduce the inter-stage matching loss of the amplifier stages, and the back-side DC line (BDCL) technique is used to simplify the layout and to improve the gain of the PAs. The fabricated RF PAs show a high output 1-dB compression point of more than 6 dBm from 278 to 302 GHz. The mixers are used for both up- and down-conversion in the transmitter and receiver. These mixers are designed to have high conversion gain (CG) over the wideband even after packaging by enhancing the isolation between the RF and IF ports. The measured CG of mixer module is −15 dB, and the 3-dB IF-bandwidth is 32 GHz. The LO PAs are also designed using the BDCL technique so that they can supply the required LO power to the mixers. The TRX with these InP building blocks enables the data transmission of a 120 Gb/s 16QAM signal over a link distance of 9.8 m.

Physical layer impairment-aware ant colony optimization approach in WDM network

Abstract Physical layer impairments (PLIs) is a matter of great concern in optical networks to achieve the optimum performance. In order to mitigate the PLI, a better routing and wavelength assignment (RWA) technique is required in optical wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) networks. In this paper, a dynamic ant colony routing algorithm with the consideration of various PLIs has been presented. This work also presents a Q-factor estimation model that includes impairments such as amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise, four-wave mixing (FWM), and cross phase modulation (XPM). The simulation results also prove that the proposed ant colony optimization (ACO) based algorithm significantly reduces the blocking probability as compared to dynamic load based shortest path algorithm (LB-SPA).

Demonstration of a wideband submillimeter-wave low-noise receiver with 4–21 GHz IF output digitized by a high-speed 32 GSps ADC

We report on a 275–500 GHz heterodyne receiver system in combination with a wideband intermediate-frequency (IF) backend to realize 17 GHz instantaneous bandwidth. The receiver frontend implements a heterodyne mixer module that integrates a superconductor-insulator-superconductor (SIS) mixer chip and a cryogenic low-noise preamplifier. The SIS mixer is developed based on high-current-density junction technologies to achieve a wideband radio frequency (RF) and IF bandwidth. The IF backend comprises an IF chain divided into two channels for 4.0–11.5 GHz and 11.3–21.0 GHz and an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) module that is capable of high-speed sampling at 32 Giga samples per second with 12.5 GHz bandwidth per channel and an effective number of bits of 6.5. The IF backend allows us to simultaneously cover the full 4–21 GHz IF range of the receiver frontend. The measured noise temperature of the receiver frontend was below three times the quantum noise (hf/kB) over the entire RF band. A dual-polarization sideband-separating receiver based on this technique could provide up to 64 GHz of instantaneous bandwidth, which demonstrates the possibility of future wideband radio astronomical observations with advanced submillimeter-wave heterodyne receivers.

An efficient module-less synthesis approach for Digital Microfluidic Biochip.

Digital Microfluidic Biochips (DMFBs) will require error-free synthesis techniques which can function at much higher speed while implementing on real-time systems and capable of tackling more complex assay operations. Until now various bio-assays are successfully implemented based on different mixing modules present on such lab-on-chips. In present work, the concept of such dedicated virtual modules has been eliminated and a novel module-less-synthesis (MLS) method is proposed for accomplishing high-performance bio-protocols. Various shift-patterns (movements) of the micro-droplets are identified to accomplish entire mixing in lesser time compared to earlier module-based synthesis methods. We have also computed the percentage of mixing accomplishment for each directional-shift of the mixer-droplet. However, path congestion problem and operational errors are inevitable in MLS approach. Hence, the path congestion and washing problem in MLS is addressed by tweaking the earlier MLS approach and a new modified-MLS (MMLS) method is proposed. Finally, washing optimization technique on MMLS method is also given. Different real-life bio assays like PCR, IVD are tested with the proposed technique as well as synthetic benchmarks (hard test benches) are also incorporated in the experiments. For both kind of benchmarks synthesis performance improved with bioassay completion time (T_{mathrm{max}}) significantly reduced compared to existing synthesis approaches on DMFB platform.

Products of Interest

July 27 2020 Products of Interest Author and Article Information Online Issn: 1531-5169 Print Issn: 0148-9267 © 2021 Massachusetts Institute of Technology.2021Massachusetts Institute of Technology Computer Music Journal (2020) 44 (2-3): 167–187. https://doi.org/10.1162/comj_r_00566 Cite Icon Cite Permissions Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Search Site Citation Products of Interest. Computer Music Journal 2020; 44 (2-3): 167–187. doi: https://doi.org/10.1162/comj_r_00566 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsComputer Music Journal Search Advanced Search Grid is a set of portable, modular MIDI controllers from Hungarian company Intech Studio (see Figure 1). There are four controllers currently available with plans to expand the offerings in the future. The PO16 is a 4 × 4 grid of 16 potentiometers. The BU16 module features a 4 × 4 grid of tactile buttons, which can be set to toggle or momentary action. The EN16A is a 4 × 4 grid of 16 push-button encoders. The PBF4 controller is a mixing module with four 30-mm faders, four potentiometers, and four buttons. Each of the GRID controllers measure 106.6 × 106.6 × 32 mm and weigh 250 g. They have an aluminum front panel with programmable RGB LEDs for all controls. Each module has a USB-C connector for power and data. They also have magnetic connectors on all four sides of the module that are used to connect them... You do not currently have access to this content.

Integrated waveform for continuous active sonar detection and communication

A novel integrated waveform (IW) for continuous active sonar detection and communications is proposed in this study based on a generalised sinusoidal frequency-modulated signal. This study first introduces the mixed modulation of the IW and a model for the transmitting signal, and then it analyses the time and frequency resolution and anti-reverberation capability of the proposed IW. The performance of two underwater acoustic (UWA) communication receivers based on the proposed IW are compared and analysed under Gaussian noise and multipath conditions. A UWA communication experiment was carried out in Songhua Lake in December 2019. According to the numerical simulation and experimental results, it was concluded that the IW proposed in this study can meet the requirements of active sonar detection and UWA communications with satisfactory performance.

Mode-Based Analysis and Optimal Operation of MSF Desalination System

Multi-stage flash (MSF) desalination plays an important role in achieving large-scale fresh water driven by thermal energy. In this paper, based on first-principle modeling of a typical multi-stage flash desalination system, the effects of different operational parameters on system performance and operational optimization for cost saving were extensively studied. Firstly, the modelled desalination system was divided into flash chamber modules, brine heater modules, mixed modules and split modules, and based on energy and mass conservation laws the equations were formulated and put together to describe the whole process model. Then, with physical parameter calculation the whole process was simulated and analyzed on the platform of MATLAB, and the water production performance effected by operational parameters such as the feed temperature of seawater, the recycle brine from the discharge section, steam temperature and flowrate of recycled brine were discussed and analyzed. Then, the optimal operation to achieve maximize GOR (gained output ratio) with fixed freshwater demand was considered and performed, and thus the optimal flowrate of recycled brine, steam temperature, and seawater output flowrate from rejection section were obtained based on the established model. Finally, considering that minimizing the daily operational cost is a more rational objective, the operational cost equations were formulated and the optimal problem to minimize the daily operational cost was solved and the optimal manipulated variables at different hours were obtained. The study results can be used for guideline of real time optimization of the MSF system.

Mixed 2D/3D Convolutional Network for Hyperspectral Image Super-Resolution

Deep learning-based hyperspectral image super-resolution (SR) methods have achieved great success recently. However, there are two main problems in the previous works. One is to use the typical three-dimensional convolution analysis, resulting in more parameters of the network. The other is not to pay more attention to the mining of hyperspectral image spatial information, when the spectral information can be extracted. To address these issues, in this paper, we propose a mixed convolutional network (MCNet) for hyperspectral image super-resolution. We design a novel mixed convolutional module (MCM) to extract the potential features by 2D/3D convolution instead of one convolution, which enables the network to more mine spatial features of hyperspectral image. To explore the effective features from 2D unit, we design the local feature fusion to adaptively analyze from all the hierarchical features in 2D units. In 3D unit, we employ spatial and spectral separable 3D convolution to extract spatial and spectral information, which reduces unaffordable memory usage and training time. Extensive evaluations and comparisons on three benchmark datasets demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves superior performance in comparison to existing state-of-the-art methods.

Automatic modulation recognition based on mixed-type features

ABSTRACT The existing modulation classification method using instantaneous features is poor for low SNRs, and the high-order cumulant features-based modulation recognition algorithm is only applicable to some types of communication modulation signals. To overcome these problems, we propose a mixed features-based modulation recognition algorithm, which refines instantaneous features and high-order cumulant feature, and the back propagation (BP) neural network is adopted as a classifier to perform experiments. The experimental results show that our proposed mixed features-based modulation recognition method can improve the recognition rate for more kinds of signals.

A lax monoidal topological quantum field theory for representation varieties

We construct a lax monoidal Topological Quantum Field Theory that computes Deligne-Hodge polynomials of representation varieties of the fundamental group of any closed manifold into any complex algebraic group G. We also extend the result to the parabolic case with any number of punctures and arbitrary monodromies. As a byproduct, we obtain formulas for these polynomials in terms of homomorphisms between the space of mixed Hodge modules on G. The construction is developed in a categorical-theoretic framework that can be applied to other situations.

Hypergeometric Hodge modules

We consider mixed Hodge module structures on GKZ-hypergeometric differential systems. We show that the Hodge filtration on these D-modules is given by the order filtration, up to suitable shift. As an application, we prove a conjecture on the existence of non-commutative Hodge structures on the reduced quantum D-module of a nef complete intersection inside a toric variety.

Columnar-equiaxed transition in continuous casting based on a micro-macro solidification model with long-range solutal mixing

A novel model is proposed to describe the columnar to equiaxed transition (CET) in continuous casting. The model bases on Rappaz and Thevoz’s solute diffusion model for equiaxed dendritic growth, combined with a 1-Dimensional solidification model normal to the slab surface. The unique feature of the proposed model is the combination with a mixing term between interdendritic and extradendritic melt, representing long-range solutal mixing by convection. The model can also be applied to predict equiaxed to columnar transition (ECT), i.e. the chill zone thickness. The model consists of modules such as nucleation, growth kinetics, solute and heat balance, and a solute mixing module. Nucleation is considered with a fixed nucleation undercooling. The growth kinetics of the dendrites are treated according to the LGK model. A finite difference scheme is employed for solving 1-Dimensional heat transfer equations and finally, volume averaged solute balance equations are solved in a staggered scheme. Mixing of inter- and extradendritic liquid is, as a first step, treated ideally fast. When applied to Fe-C binary system with the thermo-physical properties obtained from literature and CALPHAD simulations, the model successfully predicts recalescence, phase fraction evolution, and concentration profiles in different phases. Realistic boundary conditions of the continuous casting process are obtained from macroscopic FEM simulation.

Focal shift of an axisymmetric Bessel-Gaussian beam under Airy mixing modulation.

In this paper, the focusing characteristics of Bessel-Gaussian beams are studied by means of vector diffraction theory. The vector field distribution of the axisymmetric Bessel-Gaussian beam of a cylindrical vector is derived by calculating and adding Airy mixing modulation to the Bessel-Gaussian beam. It is found that with a series of regular focusing change characteristics, the focusing presents strong stability of the optical chain structure, and the number of optical chain links can be adjusted. At the same time, it is pointed out that in the case of a tightly focused helically polarized beam, the polarization in the focal region is not uniform, but there was a similar horizontal shift in focus. Finally, the relevant practical application scenarios are briefly introduced. The correlation focus shift conversion can be widely used in electronic acceleration, optical sampling and operation, and biological imaging.

Spatially multiplexed picosecond pulse-train generations through simultaneous intra-modal four wave mixing and inter-modal cross-phase modulation

We report on the experimental generation of spatially multiplexed picosecond 40 GHz pulse trains at telecommunication wavelengths by simultaneous intra-modal multiple four wave mixing and inter-modal cross-phase modulation in km-long bi-modal and 6-LP-mode graded-index few-mode fibers. More precisely, an initial beat-signal injected into the fundamental mode is first nonlinearly compressed into well-separated pulses by means of an intra-modal multiple four-wave mixing process, while several group-velocity matched continuous-wave probe signals are injected into higher-order modes in such a way to develop similar pulsed profile thanks to an inter-modal cross-phase modulation interaction. Specifically, by simultaneously exciting three higher-order modes (LP11, LP02 and LP31) of a 6-LP-mode fiber along group-velocity matched wavelengths with the fundamental mode, four spatially multiplexed 40 GHz picosecond pulse-trains are generated at selective wavelengths with negligible cross-talks between all the modes.

A Nut-and-Bolt Microfluidic Mixing System for the Rapid Labeling of Immune Cells with Antibodies.

A nut-and-bolt microfluidic system was previously developed for a point-of-care (POC) human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) test and was able to acquire images of CD4 (cluster of differentiation 4) + T-lymphocytes in a sample drop of blood followed by image analysis. However, as the system was not fully integrated with a sample reaction module, the mixing of the sample with the antibody reagent was carried out manually. To achieve a rapid reaction with a reduced amount of costly reagent in a POC diagnostic system, an efficient sample mixing function must be implemented. Here, we propose a novel method to drastically accelerate the process of sample mixing and increase the reaction rate in the nut-and-bolt microfluidic system, where the sample is mixed with the reagent in a reaction chamber formed by connecting a nut with a bolt-like sample cartridge. The mixing is facilitated by rotating the sample cartridge bidirectionally using a DC motor, which agitates the sample in a chaotic manner. A microbead complex formed by the avidin–biotin interaction was used as a model reaction system to examine the feasibility of our mixing module. We found that the reaction time for the avidin–biotin binding by mixing was 7.5 times shorter than in the incubation method, achieving a reaction efficiency of over 95%. The performance of our mixing system was further demonstrated by measuring the concentration of CD4 cells labeled with a fluorescent antibody in the blood sample. The antigen–antibody reaction mixing was faster by a factor of 20, reaching a reaction efficiency comparable to the conventional incubation method.

Interceptor complexity analysis for mixed BPSK–QPSK modulated frequency hopping spread spectrum systems

In this paper, we propose a method of mixing modulation schemes to make it very difficult to intercept information from frequency hopping signals and assess analytically the difficulty of information interception using the interceptor computational complexity as a metric. In particular, we consider, to illustrate the effectiveness of mixing modulation schemes for secure communications, a method of randomly mixing BPSK and QPSK modulations in frequency hopping systems and compare it with conventional frequency hopping systems using BPSK only or QPSK only modulation scheme by deriving simple to evaluate upper and lower bounds on the interceptor complexity.

Data processing and performance evaluation of a tempo-spatially mixed modulation imaging Fourier transform spectrometer based on stepped micro-mirror.

A novel tempo-spatially mixed modulation imaging Fourier transform spectrometer based on a stepped micro-mirror has the advantages of high throughput, compactness, and stability. In this paper, we present a method of image- and spectrum-processing and performance evaluation, which is utilized to obtain a high-quality reconstructed image without stitching gaps and a reconstructed spectrum with significantly reduced noise and side-lobe oscillation. A theoretical model of instrument line shape and signal-to-noise ratio is established to verify the effectiveness of non-uniformity sampling correction and spectral resolution enhancement. Meanwhile, the performance of the instrument was evaluated combined with experimental results.