Mixed Orientation Research Articles

A mediated multigroup model examining marijuana use consequences by sexual orientation in us college students

Marijuana use holds a curvilinear relation to sexual orientation, whereby bisexual individuals reporter higher frequency of use than exclusively hetero- or homosexual individuals. This relation differs by gender, with more pronounced differences among women. Bisexual individuals are at greater risk for negative consequences of marijuana use, such as dependence. To mitigate potential risks, individuals employ protective behavioral strategies (PBS). While differences in use are known, research has yet to examine if consequences and PBS use vary by sexual orientation. This study seeks to address the relations between sexual orientation, consequences, gender, and PBS. It was hypothesized that orientation would be associated with consequences, mediated by PBS, and these relations would vary by gender. College students (N = 8141) from 11 different universities completed an online survey measuring marijuana consequences, PBS use, and sexual orientation. A final analytic sample (n = 2091) was composed of participants who indicated past 30-day marijuana use (60% women, 64% White, mean age 19.92). Path analysis was used to test all study hypothesis. Results indicated a curvilinear relation between sexual orientation and consequences among men, however not women. Moreover, PBS use mediated the relation between orientation and consequences among men, and negatively predicted consequences among women. Conclusions include that mixed sexual orientation men experience higher consequences through lower PBS use. For women, PBS use buffers against consequences. These findings reflect a general effectiveness of PBS use for mitigating negative marijuana-related consequences. The implications of these results are discussed.

Ground Test of Transition for HIFiRE-5b at Flight-Relevant Attitudes

A elliptic cone model was tested in a Mach 6 quiet wind tunnel at both low and elevated freestream noise levels. Simultaneous measurements were made using an infrared camera and pressure sensors that were mounted flush with the model surface. The model was inclined at angles of attack and yaw angles similar to those in the HIFiRE-5b flight test. As in flight, it was observed that crossflow transition was significantly more sensitive to yaw angle than angle of attack. With respect to the yaw angle, the windward side of the model was more unstable to crossflow than the lee side. Changing the yaw angle by 1 deg in quiet flow resulted in a 20% decrease in the minimum crossflow transition Reynolds number. Angle of attack had a larger effect on transition for mixed yaw and angle-of-attack orientations than for pure angle of attack. In the mixed orientations, positive yaw angles had little effect on the amplitude of traveling crossflow waves, whereas negative yaw angles resulted in a substantial suppression of traveling crossflow.

Effect of Fluorination on the Photovoltaic Properties of Medium Bandgap Polymers for Polymer Solar Cells

AbstractFluorination of conjugated polymers is one of the effective strategies to tune the molecular energy levels and morphology for high efficient polymer solar cells (PSCs). Herein, two novel donor‐acceptor conjugated polymers, PffBT and PBT, based on bis(3,5‐bis(hexyloxy)phenyl)benzo[1,2‐ b:4,5‐b']dithiophene and benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (BT) with or without fluorination, respectively, were synthesized, and their photovoltaic properties were compared. The polymer PffBT based on fluorinated BT showed lower frontier energy levels, improved polymer ordering, and a well‐developed fibril structure in the blend with PC71BM. As a result, the PSCs based on PffBT/PC71BM exhibit a superior power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.6% versus 4.4% for PBT‐based devices, due to a high space charge limit current (SCLC) hole mobility, mixed orientation of polymer crystals in the active layer, and low bimolecular recombination.

Mixed-Orientation Marriages: An Analysis on Heterosexual Wife Legal Redress in Malaysia

Mixed orientation marriages refers to marriages involving a partner who is gay or lesbian while the other partner may be heterosexuals or bi-sexual as well. Parties to such marriage are men and women who are gender fluid or transgender who wish to maintain their relationship that exist before or after the existing marriage commenced. In United States of America, there are as many as three million of such marriages – perhaps even more. Homosexuality or bisexuality is illegal in Malaysia and thus, the existence of mixed orientation marriage in Malaysia often hide behind a normal marriage. It has been difficult to quantify such marriage unless the courts that handle divorce matters identified such grounds to these divorces. Plus, mixed orientation marriage is an oppression towards the wives who are heterosexual. This paper will dwell on; (a) the definition of mixed-orientation marriage; (b) the factors that cause a bisexual husband to pursue a marriage with a heterosexual wife without her knowing of the fact ; (c) to find out the effects of such relationships to a heterosexual spouse in terms of her health, emotion and psychological impacts; (d) To identify the legal redress on heterosexual wife and her rights in such marriage; and (e) to analyse some strategies and the legal remedies available to deal with such kind of marriages, which denied the vary basis of contractual relationship acknowledge by civil and sharia marriages laws in Malaysia.

LOCALIZATION AND ORIENTATION OF METHOXY FLAVONOIDS IN DPPC BILAYERS: EFFECT ON THEIR ANTI-PROLIFERATIVE ACTIVITY

Objective: Flavones and flavonols are an important class of naturally occurring flavonoids. They are well known for their pharmacological activity. This activity is associated with the ability of flavones and flavonols to influence membrane–dependent processes. In this paper, we have reported localization, orientation and interaction, of four synthesized flavone/flavonols with 1, 2–dipalmitoyl–sn–glycero–3–phosphocholine (DPPC) bilayers. These are compared with standard flavone; chrysin (CHY) and flavonol Quercetin (QUE).Methods: The molecules studied are 4ʹ–methoxy flavone (MF), 3ʹ,4ʹ–dimethoxyflavone (DMF), 4ʹ–methoxyflavonol (MF–ol) and 3ʹ,4ʹ–dimethoxyflavonol (DMF–ol). The techniques used are Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and multi–nuclear NMR.Results: Highest binding to lipid bilayers is shown by DMF, followed by QUE. Based on DSC studies it is seen, that maximum interaction of MF and DMF, takes place with the hydrophobic core of lipid bilayers. DMF–ol shows formation of a heterogeneous system at higher concentrations. The 1H NMR spectra of unilamellar vesicles of DPPC, incorporated with MF, DMF and MF–ol shows significant interaction of these compounds with the alkyl chain of the hydrophobic core. MF, DMF and MF–ol acquire parallel orientation in bilayers with the B–ring pointing towards hydrophobic core, while DMF–ol acquire mixed orientation. This may be ascribed to the presence of two methoxy and one hydroxyl group on the B–ring of DMF–ol which hinders its partitioning inside the hydrophobic core of lipid bilayer. Multi–lamellar vesicles (MLV) of DPPC incorporated with flavones, show maximum increase in Chemical Shift Anisotropy in 31P spectrum of DMF. This is followed by MF. DSC.Conclusion: NMR and binding studies indicate that DMF is partitioned deeply inside the hydrophobic core, while MF, MF–ol and DMF–ol are mostly located in the vicinity of sn–glycero region. Therefore, we conclude that DMF which penetrates deepest inside the hydrophobic core also shows the highest anti–proliferative activity against K562 and MCF–7 cancer cell lines. Its activity is also better than CHY.

An experienced chemistry teacher's practical knowledge of teaching with practical work: the PCK perspective

We have examined an experienced chemistry teacher's pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) of teaching with practical work in China. Based on the well-known PCK model by Magnusson S. J., Krajcik J. and Borko H., (1999), Nature, sources, and development of pedagogical content knowledge for science teaching, in Gess-Newsome J. and Lederman N. G. (ed.),Examining pedagogical content knowledge: the construct and its implications for science education, Boston: Kluwer, pp. 95–132, we focused on how the participant's teaching orientations and relevant contextual factors shaped his practical knowledge of teaching with practical work. Data from multiple sources were collected and analysed over one semester (four months), including interviews, direct classroom observation, textbooks and lesson plans. Three conclusions were drawn from this study: (1) the participant held multidimensional and mixed science teaching orientations, (2) the participant's science teaching orientations shaped his knowledge and beliefs about students’ learning and the instructional strategies related to practical work, and (3) contextual factors exerted great influence on his PCK.

Electrodeposition and characterization of electroplated Ni/Graphene composite coatings

Pure nickel and composite nickel coatings were produced by using a Watts bath containing 0.1g/L Graphene platelets - GnPs in presence or absence of the surfactant Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate under both direct current-DC and pulse current-PC conditions. The surface morphology, crystallographic orientation, and micro-hardness as well as the wear mechanism of the produced coatings under dry sliding conditions were investigated. The results have shown that the presence of additive in the electrolytic bath led to a more uniform distribution of Graphene platelets in the nickel metal matrix. The simultaneous presence of additive in combination with the imposition of high pulse current frequency is accompanied by the predominance of a mixed Ni crystalline orientation [110 + 111], while for all composites an enhancement of the crystalline orientation through (111) axis was revealed. The presence of Graphene platelets increases the micro-hardness values of the coatings and enhances the wear resistance compared to pure nickel coatings produced under the same electrolytic conditions.

Polarity of Neuronal Membrane Traffic Requires Sorting of Kinesin Motorcargo During Entry into Dendrites by a Microtubule-Associated Septin

Neuronal function requires axon-dendrite membrane polarity, which depends on sorting of membrane traffic during entry into axons. Due to a microtubule network of mixed polarity, dendrites receive vesicles from the cell body without apparent capacity for directional sorting. We found that in the initial segments of dendrites, axonally-destined cargos move with a retrograde bias toward the cell body, while dendritically-destined cargos are biased in the anterograde direction. A microtubule-associated septin (SEPT9), which localizes specifically in dendrites, impedes axonal cargo of kinesin-1/KIF5 and boosts kinesin-3/KIF1 motor-cargo further into dendrites. In neurons and in vitro single-molecule motility assays, SEPT9 suppresses kinesin-1/KIF5 and enhances kinesin-3/KIF1 in a manner that depends on a lysinerich loop of the kinesin motor domain. This differential regulation impacts partitioning of neuronal membrane proteins into axonsdendrites. Thus, polarized membrane traffic requires sorting during entry into dendrites by a septin-mediated mechanism that bestows directional bias on microtubules of mixed orientation.

Mental health, relationships, and sex: exploring patterns among bisexual individuals in mixed orientation relationships

ABSTRACTDrawing on minority stress theory and sexual health literature, this exploratory study tested the relations of bisexual identity factors (e.g. anticipated binegativity, identity affirmation), minority stressors (e.g. isolation and vicarious trauma), and sexual and relationship variables (e.g. sexual functioning, relationship satisfaction) with mental health. Participants were 53 self-identified bisexual individuals in a mixed orientation relationship (MORE) with partners who did not also identify as bisexual. Moderate or above levels of depression, anxiety, and stress were reported by 34.5%, 25.4%, and 27.3% of the sample, respectively. Minority stressors were examined as mediators of the relations of bisexual identity factors and mental health outcomes. Isolation significantly mediated anticipated binegativity and depression, anxiety, and stress. Additionally, vicarious trauma mediated the relation of bisexual identity affirmation with anxiety. Consistent with existing literature, mental health concerns were negatively correlated with various aspects of sexual functioning and relationship satisfaction. Bisexual individuals in monogamous relationships with lesbian-identified partners reported lower stress levels than those with heterosexual partners. Results from the current study provide preliminary information about the health of bisexual individuals in MOREs, and point to minority stressors as potentially fruitful targets of prevention and intervention efforts to reduce negative mental health outcomes among bisexual populations.

Bisexual inclusive couples therapy: assessment and treatment with bisexuals in mixed orientation relationships

ABSTRACTThis paper aims to improve understanding of why mixed orientation couples may seek treatment, as well as to support sex and relationship therapists in providing affirmative and respectful services. Mixed orientation relationships, relationships in which partners have different sexual orientation identities, can include a variety of combinations. This paper focuses on mixed orientation relationships in which one partner identifies as bisexual and the other partner does not. A bisexual identity and a mixed orientation relationship are not inherent problems; however, they can create interpersonal and intrapersonal conflicts that may lead to treatment. Therefore, sex and relationship therapists should be aware of special considerations that could improve treatment with bisexuals in mixed orientation relationships with gay, lesbian, and heterosexual partners. It is important for sex and relationship therapists to take additional care in assessing the meaning of sexual orientation to the bisexual partner, what it means to their non-bisexual partner, and what having a mixed orientation relationship means to the couple seeking treatment. The delicate issue of commitment is respectfully explored, and societal myths related to bisexuality are addressed. Affirmative therapy is proposed as an effective theoretical approach, along with the Ex-PLISSIT Model to guide treatment.

Relationship themes and structures of bisexual individuals

ABSTRACTIn this review, we examine current literature on binegative attitudes and stereotypes that affect bisexual people in relationships, bisexual people's engagement in mixed orientation relationships, and their experiences of monogamy and consensual non-monogamy. Despite systemic barriers that can pose a negative impact on the relationships of bisexual people, we also conclude that bisexual individuals have the capacity to experience positive relationship outcomes in both same-gender and different-gender relationships.

You Can’t Have Your Cake and Eat It: Mixed Profit/Stakeholder Motives Reduce Firm Attractiveness

Instrumental stakeholder theory suggests that stakeholders are more attracted to stakeholder oriented firms than to profit oriented firms, or to firms with a mixed stakeholder/profit orientation. However, these predictions, and the recently suggested reciprocity mechanism underlying them, have not been tested empirically. Moreover, they seem to be at odds with empirical findings in the corporate social responsibility (CSR) literature suggesting that stakeholders prefer firms with a mixed orientation over stakeholder oriented firms. In this paper we build on insights from moral psychology to show why stakeholder oriented firms are, in fact, more attractive to stakeholders than mixed oriented firms. In a series of vignette studies, we find that a firm’s perceived self-regard is negatively related to its perceived other-regard. Mixed oriented firms are perceived by stakeholders to be more self-regarding and, hence, less other- regarding than stakeholder oriented firms. This, in turn, decreases their attracti...

Tunable transport property of oxygen ion in metal oxide thin film: Impact of electrolyte orientation on conductivity

Quest for efficient ion conducting electrolyte thin film operating at intermediate temperature (~600 °C) holds promise for the real-world utilization of solid oxide fuel cells. Here, we report the correlation between mixed as well as preferentially oriented samarium doped cerium oxide electrolyte films fabricated by varying the substrate temperatures (100, 300 and 500 °C) over anode/ quartz by electron beam physical vapor deposition. Pole figure analysis of films deposited at 300 °C demonstrated a preferential (111) orientation in out-off plane direction, while a mixed orientation was observed at 100 and 500 °C. As per extended structural zone model, the growth mechanism of film differs with surface mobility of adatom. Preferential orientation resulted in higher ionic conductivity than the films with mixed orientation, demonstrating the role of growth on electrochemical properties. The superior ionic conductivity upon preferential orientation arises from the effective reduction of anisotropic nature and grain boundary density in highly oriented thin films in out-of-plane direction, which facilitates the hopping of oxygen ion at a lower activation energy. This unique feature of growing an oriented electrolyte over the anode material opens a new approach to solving the grain boundary limitation and makes it as a promising solution for efficient power generation.

Wushu Sanda: Color bias, home advantage and motor actions analysis in female matches’ from the 13th World Championships

<p><em>Introduction:</em> Wushu Sanda is a mixed orientation combat sport in which athletes duel wearing red or black clothes. Despite its popularity, the knowledge about its technical and psychophysiological aspects are scarce. <em>Objective:</em><strong> </strong>The aim of this study was to quantify the motor actions and the color bias and home advantage existence possibility in female matches from the 13<sup>th</sup> World Wushu Championships, held in Indonesia, 2015. <em>Material and methods:</em> In an observational study were analyzed 46 matches involving 55 athletes. Each match was analyzed twice, and were considered 22 possible techniques (5 types of punches, 5 types of kicks and 12 different throws). All the motor actions were registered for each athlete, aside of match outcome, clothing color and continent of origin. <em>Results:</em> From all applied motor actions, 48.2% were punches, 46.9% were kicks and 4.8% were throws. Athletes applied 11±8.67 punches, 10.7±5.63 kicks and 1.1±1.6 throws per round. The number of throwing techniques applied on the first and second rounds was higher in winners (F=10.24, <em>p</em>=0.002 and F=7.82, <em>p</em>=0.006 respectively). No differences were found in motor behavior among distinct competitive phases (F(3;88)=1.87; <em>p</em>=0.140; η<sup>2</sup><sub>p</sub>=0.06). Home advantage was observed supporting Asian athletes<strong> </strong>(χ<sup>2</sup>=10.12, <em>p</em>=0.038). Color bias was observed supporting athletes who wore red (χ<sup>2</sup>=8.52, <em>p</em>=0.004), which won a higher number of matches (65%). <em>Conclusions:</em> To the detriment of grappling actions (throws), female international level Wushu Sanda athletes predominantly used striking motor actions (punches and kicks). Winners applied a higher number of throws than losers. Home advantage was observed supporting Asian athletes. Color bias was observed supporting female athletes who wore red.</p>

Temperature induced superhard CrB2 coatings with preferred (001) orientation deposited by DC magnetron sputtering technique

The influence of deposition temperature in the range of 100°C to 400°C on the microstructure and mechanical properties of CrB2 coatings by DC magnetron sputtering was studied. The coating texture changed from random mixed orientation with (101) and (001) planes to the preferred (001) orientation when increasing the deposition temperature. Moreover, the microstructure coating evolved from an underdense structure to a bulky columnar structure (~50nm), and finally to a dense nanoscale columnar structure (~7nm). This structural densification was mainly attributed to the enhanced atomic surface diffusion with increasing deposition temperature. It resulted in promotion of the (001) preferred orientation and greatly enhanced the mechanical properties. Specifically, when the deposition temperature was 300°C, the CrB2 coatings exhibited the highest toughness while superhardness (51±2GPa) was achieved for coating grown at 400°C.

A Novel PDE-Based Single Image Super-Resolution Reconstruction Method

For applications such as remote sensing imaging and medical imaging, high-resolution (HR) images are urgently required. Image Super-Resolution (SR) reconstruction has great application prospects in optical imaging. In this paper, we propose a novel unified Partial Differential Equation (PDE)-based method to single image SR reconstruction. Firstly, two directional diffusion terms calculated by Anisotropic Nonlinear Structure Tensor (ANLST) are constructed, combing information of all channels to prevent singular results, making full use of its directional diffusion feature. Secondly, by introducing multiple orientations estimation using high order matrix-valued tensor instead of gradient, orientations can be estimated more precisely for junctions or corners. As a unique descriptor of orientations, mixed orientation parameter (MOP) is separated into two orientations by finding roots of a second-order polynomial in the nonlinear part. Then, we synthesize a Gradient Vector Flow (GVF) shock filter to balance edge enhancement and de-noising process. Experimental results confirm the validity of the method and show that the method enhances image edges, restores corners or junctions, and suppresses noise robustness, which is competitive with the existing methods.

GISAXS Analysis of the In-Depth Morphology of Thick PS-b-PMMA Films.

The morphological evolution of cylinder-forming poly(styrene)-b-poly(methyl methacrylate) block copolymer (BCP) thick films treated at high temperatures in the rapid thermal processing (RTP) machine was monitored by means of in-depth grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS). The use of this nondisruptive technique allowed one to reveal the formation of buried layers composed of both parallel- and perpendicular-oriented cylinders as a function of the film thickness (24 ≤ h ≤ 840 nm) and annealing time (0 ≤ t ≤ 900 s). Three distinct behaviors were observed depending on the film thickness. Up to h ≤ 160 nm, a homogeneous film consisting of perpendicular-oriented cylinders is observed. When h is between 160 and 700 nm, a decoupling process between both the air-BCP and substrate-BCP interfaces takes place, leading to the formation of mixed orientations (parallel and perpendicular) of the cylinders. Finally, for h > 700 nm, the two interfaces are completely decoupled, and the formation of a superficial layer of about 50 nm composed of perpendicular cylinders is observed. Furthermore, the through-film morphology affects the nanodomain long-range order, which substantially decreases in correspondence with the beginning of the decoupling process. When the thick samples are exposed to longer thermal treatments, an increase in the long-range order of the nanodomains occurs, without any sensible variation of the thickness of the superficial layer.

Epitaxial Growth of Oriented Metalloporphyrin Network Thin Film for Improved Selectivity of Volatile Organic Compounds.

This study reports an oriented and homogenous cobalt-metalloporphyrin network (PIZA-1) thin film prepared by liquid phase epitaxial (LPE) method. The thickness of the obtained thin films can be well controlled, and their photocurrent properties can also be tuned by LPE cycles or the introduction of conductive guest molecules (tetracyanoquinodimethane and C60 ) into the PIZA-1 pores. The study of quartz crystal microbalance adsorption confirms that the PIZA-1 thin film with [110]-orientation presents much higher selectivity of benzene over toluene and p-xylene than that of the PIZA-1 powder with mixed orientations. These results reveal that the selective adsorption of volatile organic compounds highly depends on the growth orientations of porphyrin-based metal-organic framework thin films. Furthermore, the work will provide a new perspective for developing important semiconductive sensing materials with improved selectivity of guest compounds.

Creep of mafic dykes infiltrated by melt in the lower continental crust (Seiland Igneous Province, Norway)

A dry mafic dyke from a continental lower-crustal shear zone in the Seiland Igneous Province (northern Norway) experienced syn-kinematic melt-rock interaction. Viscous shearing occurred at T≈800°C, P≈0.75–0.95GPa and was coeval with infiltration of felsic melt from adjacent migmatitic metapelites. The dyke has a mylonitic microstructure where porphyroclasts of orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene and plagioclase are wrapped by a fine-grained (4–7μm) polyphase mixture of clinopyroxene+orthopyroxene+plagioclase+quartz+ilmenite±K-feldspar±apatite. Microstructural observations and electron backscatter diffraction analysis indicate that the porphyroclasts deformed by a combination of dislocation glide and fracturing, with only a limited record of dislocation creep, recovery and dynamic recrystallization. We identified diffusion creep as the dominant deformation mechanism in the mixture based on the small grain size, phase mixing and weak crystallographic preferred orientation of all phases (interpreted as the result of oriented grain growth during viscous flow). The polyphase mixture did not form by dynamic recrystallization or by mechanical fragmentation of the porphyroclasts, but rather by melt-rock interaction. Thermodynamic models indicate that the syn-kinematic mineral assemblage results from the chemical interaction between a pristine mafic dyke and ca. 10vol.% of felsic melt infiltrating from the adjacent partially molten metapelites. Extrapolation of laboratory-derived flow laws to natural conditions indicates that the formation of interconnected layers of fine-grained reaction products deforming by diffusion creep induces a dramatic weakening in the mafic granulites, with strain rates increasing up to 2–3 orders of magnitude. The reaction weakening effect is more efficient than the weakening associated with melt-assisted diffusion creep in the presence of up to 10vol.% of infiltrated melt without formation of fine-grained reaction products. Thus, we conclude that weakening by dramatic grain-size reduction through nucleation of fine-grained material that subsequently deforms by diffusion creep is a major effect of melt infiltration during lower crustal shearing.

Interface layer to tailor the texture and surface morphology of Al-doped ZnO polycrystalline films on glass substrates

A 10-nm-thick radio frequency magnetron-sputtered aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) showing a texture with a preferential (0001) orientation on amorphous glass substrates was used as an interface layer for tailoring the orientation of 490-nm-thick polycrystalline AZO films subsequently deposited by direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering at a substrate temperature of 200°C. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction pole figure analysis showed that the resulting 500-nm-thick AZO films showed a texture with a highly preferential c-axis orientation. This showed that DC-magnetron-sputtered AZO films grew along with the orientation matching that of the interface layer, whereas 500-nm-thick AZO films deposited on bare glass substrates by DC magnetron sputtering exhibited a mixed orientation of the c-plane and other planes. The surface morphology was also improved while retaining the lateral grain size by applying the interface layer as revealed by atomic force microscopy.