Mixed Orientation Research Articles

Crystal side facet-tuning of GaN nanowires and nanofins grown by molecular beam epitaxy

GaN nanostructures are promising for a broad range of applications due to their 3D structure, thereby exposing non-polar crystal surfaces. The nature of the exposed crystal facets, i.e., whether they are a-, m-plane, or of mixed orientation, impacts the stability and performance of GaN nanostructure-based devices. In this context, it is of great interest to control the formation of well-defined side facets. Here, we show that we can control the crystal facet formation at the nanowire sidewalls by tuning the III–V ratio during selective area growth by molecular beam epitaxy. Especially, the N flux serves as a tool for controlling the growth kinetics. In addition, we demonstrate the growth of GaN nanofins with either a- or m-plane side facets. Based on our observations, we present the underlying nanostructure growth mechanisms. Low temperature photoluminescence measurements show a correlation of the formation of structural defects like stacking faults with the growth kinetics. This article demonstrates the controlled selective epitaxy of GaN nanostructures with defined crystal side facets on large-scale available AlN substrates.

Fe3O4 Nanoparticles Loaded Bentonite/Sawdust Interface for the Removal of Methylene Blue: Insights into Adsorption Performance and Mechanism via Experiments and Theoretical Calculations

Herein, magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) synthesized from altered basalt were used to develop a composite with H2O2–activated bentonite (BE) and fibrous sawdust (SD). The as-prepared BE/SD–MNPs were characterized by FTIR, FESEM, TEM, TGA, DSC, and Zeta potential techniques and utilized as an effective multifunctional composite for removing methylene blue (MB). The adsorption isotherms of MB at 25–55 °C were analyzed via kinetics, classical, and advanced statistical physics models. Theoretically, the pseudo-second-order of kinetics and the Freundlich isotherms model fit the experimental data well without microscopically clarifying the adsorption mechanism. Studying a multilayer model’s steric and energetic parameters was a reliable approach to understanding the MB uptake mechanism at the molecular scale. Sterically, the removed MB molecules offered a combination of horizontal and vertical geometry (i.e., mixed orientation). The MB adsorption capacity at saturation (Qsat) increased from 829 to 849 mg/g with temperature, suggesting endothermic interactions. Energetically, the MB uptake by BE/SD–MNPs was controlled by physical interactions (i.e., adsorption energy < 20 kJ/mol). The BE/SD–MNPs retained more than 85% of the MB uptake after five adsorption-desorption rounds. Overall, this study aimed to understand the MB adsorption mechanism using a magnetic clays/lignocellulosic interface such as the utilized BE/SD–MNPs composite as a promising strategy in wastewater remediation.

Comparative studies of relaxor-ferroelectric Pb0.92La0.08(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 thin films deposited by pulsed laser deposition and sol-gel spin coating

In this study, the energy storage properties of relaxor Pb0.92La0.08(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 (PLZT) thin films grown on Pt/Si substrates using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and sol-gel methods were investigated. The PLZT thin films deposited by PLD possessed a columnar growth microstructure and mixed orientations of (100) and (110) while a dense microstructure and preferred orientation of (100) were achieved by sol-gel deposition. Although the electric breakdown strength (EBD) of the sol-gel-deposited PLZT thin films (EBD=2200 kV/cm) was slightly higher than that of the films deposited using PLD (EBD=2100 kV/cm), the PLD-deposited PLZT thin films had a larger recoverable energy storage density (Ureco) and energy storage efficiency (η), which can be explained by its slimmer polarization loop, higher maximum polarization, and lower remanent polarization. At corresponding EBD values, the Ureco and η values were 33.2 J/cm3 and 67.5% for the PLD-deposited films and 27.5 J/cm3 and 62.2% for the sol-gel-deposited films. Although the sol-gel-deposited PLZT thin films had lower energy storage performance, the sol-gel method remains a promising method for the fabrication of thin films for dielectric energy storage applications due to its unique advantages of low fabrication cost, simple preparation process, and easy control of chemical composition.

Unicorns on the Digital Range: Bisexual Persons’ Experiences of Geo-Social Networking Application Use

Geo-social networking applications (GSNAs) like Tinder and Grindr are popular tools for connecting with people for romance, sex, and other purposes, particularly among sexual minorities. This paper draws on narrative interviews with 13 bisexual persons (5 cisgender men, 6 cisgender women, 2 trans/nonbinary persons) to explore their GSNA use, including motives and gratifications, relational dynamics, and implications for individual identities and cultural understandings of bisexuality. Participants presented complex and ambivalent accounts of their GSNA use, revealing a variety of relational aspirations and experiences. Whatever users’ goals, cultural meanings associated with bisexuality shaped online interactions in ways that impeded their fulfillment, with binegativity routinely preventing relationship formation in the first instance or precipitating relationship dissolution. Despite these challenges, bisexual persons regularly have successful digitally-mediated encounters which can reshape private and collective understandings of bisexuality. GSNAs expose users to new experiences and discourses that help them make sense of their erotic predilections, including partner sex/gender sexuality. They may also play a role in the broader sea change in attitudes toward bisexuality by facilitating the formation of mixed orientation relationships wherein stereotypes are gradually replaced by direct personal experience.

The role of technological absorption capacity, enviropreneurial orientation, and green marketing in enhancing business' sustainability: evidence from fast-moving consumer goods in Tanzania

PurposeGiven current global environmental concerns, traditional marketing and entrepreneurial practices of small businesses are considered ineffective. This is because sustainability requires the involvement of social, economic, and environmental dimensions. This study, therefore, aims at analyzing the moderating effect of technological absorptive capacity (TEOC) in the relationship between green marketing mix (GMX), enviropreneurial orientation (ENVO) and the sustainability of small businesses (SUST).Design/methodology/approachThis study is cross-sectional. This study used data from 243 fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) industries, such as food and beverages, cleaning products, office supplies, cosmetics, and toiletries. Structural equation mdeling (SEM) and the PROCESS macro test were employed during data analysis.FindingsThe findings suggest that GMX and ENVO are significant determinants of SUST. Also, TEOC is a significant moderator of GMX, ENVO, and SUST.Research limitations/implicationsThis study used owner-managers as the respondents; future studies can use employees and customers to find out how small businesses involve other stakeholders in designing GMX and ENVO and adopting technologies for business sustainability and adopting technologies for business sustainability.Practical implicationsThe study has practical implications for policymakers and owner-managers, especially on the significant contributions of GMX, ENVO, and TEOC to business sustainability.Originality/valueDepending only on traditional marketing and entrepreneurial practices is no longer a reliable technique for business sustainability. By bringing environmental aspects into business management through a green marketing mix and enviropreneurial orientation, the study provides a unique and new way of thinking about sustainability. Also, the study adds knowledge to the body of literature through a moderating effect of TEOC in the relationship between GMX, ENVO, and SUST.

Preparation strategy for low-stress and uniform SiC-on-diamond wafer: A silicon nitride dielectric layer

Reducing the self-heating of SiC- and GaN/SiC-based high-powered devices by integrating diamond films offers promising performance enhancement of these devices. However, such a reduction strategy faces serious problems, such as diamond nucleation on SiC and stress accumulation greater than 10 GPa. In this work, a SiNx dielectric layer (∼50 nm) was coated onto the C polar face of a 4H–SiC wafer using microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD) to improve direct dense diamond nucleation and growth, significantly reduce the stress, and build Si–C(SiC)⋯Si⋯C(diamond) bond bridges. This SiNx thin layer, prepared by activating Si ions under Ar/N plasma during magnetron sputtering, gave rise to local Si3N4 crystal features and a low effective work function (EWF) for promoting surface dipoles with electronegative carbon-containing groups. In the H plasma environment during diamond growth, the local Si3N4 crystal was amorphized, and the N atoms escaped as a result of atomic H and the high temperature. At the same time, C atoms diffused into the SiNx and formed C–Si bonds (49.7% of the total C bonds) by replacing N–Si and Si–Si, thus increasing the direct nucleation density of the diamond grains. The diamond thin film grew rapidly and uniformly, with a grain size of approximately 2 μm in mixed orientation, and the stress of the 2-inch SiC-on-diamond wafer was extremely low (to ∼0.1–0.2 GPa). In comparison, partially connected diamond grains (>10 μm) on the bare SiC in the preferential (110) orientation resulted in a film with twin-grain features and significant stress, which was associated with the hexagonal lattice interface of 4H–SiC. These results are considered the material and surface/interface bases for actively controlling wafer fabrication and enhancing the heat dissipation of SiC and GaN/SiC electronics.

Incorporative mixing in microreactors: Influence on reactions and importance of inlet designation

Fast mixing is an essential feature of a microreactor. This study reveals the critical role of microscopic fluid incorporation on fast chemical reactions in a microreactor. The vortices in a microreactor produce tiny fluid segments, and the incorporation of these segments into the surrounding fluid triggers chemical reactions. The selectivity of chemical reactions highly depends on the type of the fluid segment incorporated into the fluid. Microreactor operations that consider incorporative mixing can achieve better reaction results, even with slow mixing. For example, a tee mixer showed better reaction performance with the vertical confluence configuration than with the symmetric configuration, although the symmetric 180-degree confluence provides more intense mixing. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations showed that vertical confluence enabled the division and incorporation of a stream from the horizontal inlet into another stream. The appropriate inlet designation is vital when two inlets of a microreactor differ in dimensions, directions, or positions because the different inlets provide different mixing profiles. The two inlets of the microreactor were distinguishable even though the fabrication error was insignificant. For instance, feed orientations changed the side-product yield seven times in a 3D-printed microreactor. Moreover, the impact of incorporative mixing on particle synthesis was confirmed. Switching the two inlets significantly influenced the morphology and size of the synthesized particles by changing the initial nucleation environment. In conclusion, considering incorporative mixing and optimal inlet orientation will enhance the performance and flexibility of microreaction technology.

Poly(ionic liquid) Gating Materials for High-Performance Organic Thin-Film Transistors: The Role of Block Copolymer Self-Assembly at the Semiconductor Interface.

The widespread realization of wearable electronics requires printable active materials capable of operating at low voltages. Polymerized ionic liquid (PIL) block copolymers exhibit a thickness-independent double-layer capacitance that makes them a promising gating medium for the development of organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) with low operating voltages and high switching speed. PIL block copolymer structure and self-assembly can influence ion conductivity and the resulting OTFT performance. In an OTFT, self-assembly of the PIL gate on the semiconducting polymer may differ from bulk self-assembly, which would directly influence electrical double-layer formation. To this end, we used poly{[N,N'-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-naphthalene-1,4,5,8-bis(dicarboximide)-2,6-diyl]-alt-5,5'-(2,2'-bithiophene)} (P(NDI2OD-T2)) as a model semiconductor for our OTFTs, on which our PILs exhibited self-assembly. In this study, we explore this critical interface by grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) of P(NDI2OD-T2) and a series of poly(styrene)-b-poly(1-(4-vinylbenzyl)-3-butylimidazolium-random-poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) (poly(S)-b-poly(VBBI+[X]-r-PEGMA)) block copolymers with varying PEGMA/VBBI+ ratios and three different mobile anions (where X = TFSI-, PF6-, or BF4-). We investigate the thin-film self-assembly of block copolymers as a function of device performance. Overall, a mixed orientation at the interface leads to improved device performance, while predominantly hexagonal packing leads to nonfunctional devices, regardless of the anion present. These PIL gated OTFTs were characterized with a threshold voltage below 1 V, making understanding of their structure-property relationships crucial to enabling the further development of high-performance gating materials.

“New career” profiles for young adults incorporating traditional and protean career orientations and competencies

PurposeUsing latent profile analysis, the authors explored the career profiles of young adult tertiary students (N = 468, 73.9% women; mean age 20 years) to determine the relative importance of traditional career orientation (TCO) and protean career orientation (PCO) beliefs for them.Design/methodology/approachYoung adults studying at university can aspire to traditional career experiences as they believe organizations will support their professional and career development. However, since the development of newer career models, the TCO model has received little research attention compared to the PCO.FindingsThe authors found that the dominant profile exhibited average levels of TCO, PCO and career competencies, and that this mixed profile was associated with more mature career identity development and greater organizational commitment. A second profile, with low TCO, average PCO and career competencies, showed a similar level of career maturity to the mixed profile, but exhibited less organizational commitment. A third profile, with average TCO, low PCO and career competencies, especially vocational identity awareness, was related to less career development and organizational commitment.Originality/valueThe findings suggest that a mixed traditional-protean orientation is common in young adult tertiary students and that the development of a vocational identity is important for positive career outcomes, regardless of orientation.

Magnetostrictive bulk Fe-Ga alloys prepared by selective laser melting for biodegradable implant applications

Magnetostrictive Fe-Ga alloys have received extensive attention for their good mechanical properties and low saturation magnetization. However, the magnetostriction of bulk polycrystalline Fe-Ga alloys always suffers a major setback due to random grain orientation. In this study, selective laser melting (SLM) was used for the first time to manufacture bulk polycrystalline Fe81Ga19 alloys, and different scanning paths were determined for revealing the influences on grain orientation and magnetostrictive properties. The results showed that elongated columnar grains formed in the building direction due to the epitaxial growth during SLM. For zigzag scanning, grain orientation was parallel to the building direction while tilted by ∼17° for unidirectional scanning. And annular scanning resulted in mixed grain orientations in the alloys. Moreover, Fe81Ga19 alloy with zigzag scanning exhibited 〈100〉 preferred grain orientation. Consequently, the saturated magnetostriction of bulk Fe81Ga19 alloy with zigzag scanning reached ∼77.2 ppm, representing 23.9% and 25.1% increments compared with unidirectional and annular scanning, respectively. The Fe81Ga19 alloy with zigzag scanning also presented an ultimate compressive strength of 448.6 MPa and a degradation rate of 0.09 mm/y, as well as favorable biocompatibility. These results indicated that SLM might be a potential method for manufacturing magnetostrictive bulk Fe-Ga alloys for implant applications.

Partnership Status and Mental Health in a Nationally Representative Sample of Sexual Minorities.

Research has consistently shown mental health differences between sexual minority subgroups with bisexual people often reporting higher levels of psychological distress than lesbians and gay men. Relationship status has been suggested, but not well studied, as a potential factor contributing to subgroup differences in mental health. Using a national probability sample of non-transgender sexual minority adults across 3 age cohorts (18-25, 34-41, 52-59 years), we assessed group differences in psychological distress (Kessler 6) between lesbian/gay (N = 505), bisexual (N = 272), and queer/pansexual (N=75) respondents. We examined whether relationship status (single/partnered) moderated the relationship between sexual identity and psychological distress. Among those that were partnered, we tested whether key partner characteristics related to sexual identity - gender of partner (cisgender same-sex/transgender or cisgender different-sex) and partner sexual identity (same or mixed sexual orientation relationship) - were significantly associated with psychological distress. In bivariate analyses, bisexual and queer/pansexual respondents reported more psychological distress than gay/lesbian respondents, among both men and women. In multivariable analyses, there was not a significant main effect of sexual identity, but there was a significant interaction between sexual identity and partnership status on psychological distress among women. Specifically, while there were no significant differences in psychological distress between subgroups of single women, among partnered women, queer/pansexual women had more distress than lesbian/gay women. Further, partnership was associated with reduced distress among lesbian/gay women, but not among bisexual or queer/pansexual women. Among men, there were no significant interaction effects between sexual identity and partnership status on psychological distress. Being in a mixed orientation relationship, but not gender of partner, was a significant predictor of psychological distress among both women and men across sexual identities. Additional research should assess the partnership dynamics contributing to the association between partnership characteristics and mental health among sexual minority populations.

Picturing disturbed body experience: A comparison of body drawings in persons with somatoform disorder and a general population sample

People with somatic symptom disorder or somatoform disorder are considered to have a troubled relationship to their body that is hard to assess with self-report questionnaires alone. To examine the potential value of own-body drawings as an assessment tool, objective features of drawings from 179 patients referred to treatment for somatoform disorder, were compared to those of 173 age-and-sex matched persons from the general population. While two factors had been found in the somatoform disorder sample, in the general population only the factor that reflected ‘details’ in own-body drawings was replicated. The two samples did not score differently on this factor. The general population sample showed a less strong association between objective body drawings scores on this ‘details’ factor and self-reported scores of body experience than the somatoform disorder sample. Moreover, the phenomenological contents of the drawings were more oriented towards health or appearance than the mostly mixed or unclear orientation of persons with somatoform disorder. Because the objective scoring of body drawings did not differ between groups while the contents of body drawings appeared to differ, the results suggest that this objective scoring of body drawings is not appropriate to distinguish people with and without somatoform disorder.

Adsorption of SO2 and NH3 onto copper/graphene nanosheets composites: Statistical physics interpretations, thermodynamic investigations, and site energy distribution analyses

Copper/graphene nanosheets composites (CGCs) were adopted as multi-gas adsorbents to remove two harmful gases (i.e., ammonia and sulfur dioxide) in the atmospheric environment, respectively. Methods such as N2 adsorption/desorption, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction were selected to fully characterize CGCs. Under laboratory conditions, the adsorption isotherms of NH3 and SO2 onto CGCs at three different temperatures (298.15 K, 308.15 K, and 318.15 K) and different pressures (0 ∼ 1.8 bar) were quantitatively tested. A multilayer model with saturation (M5) was adopted as the best suitable model to explore the adsorption mechanism for SO2-CGCs and NH3-CGCs adsorption systems from a molecular level. The numerical simulation results demonstrated that the adsorption of NH3 by CGCs is a multi-anchorage process and a pure parallel adsorption position (298.15 K), a multi-linking process and a mixed adsorption orientation (308.15 K and 318.15 K). In contrast, SO2-CGCs adsorption system at 298.15 K, 308.15 K, and 318.15 K, there will be a multi-molecule process and a pure non-parallel adsorption position. Overall, from statistical physical, thermodynamic and SED analyses, the adsorption mechanism of SO2 and NH3 on CGCs, which was mainly governed by the density of receptor sites (Dm), was a spontaneous exothermic reversible adsorption process driven by physical interaction forces for which van der Waals interactions were responsible, while the high temperature is detrimental to the occurrence of high adsorption capacity.

Thermal conductivity of crack-containing media: A numerical study

The present study aims to evaluate the effective thermal conduction behavior of crack-containing media through micromechanical modeling. Numerical analyses were performed using the finite element method, first using periodic arrays of elliptical pores and then reducing the elliptical minor axis to reach the crack limit. This parametric approach was seen to be able to capture the effect of discontinuity across the crack face in a straightforward manner. The overall thermal conductivity of the model structures, encompassing a range of crack densities and spatial distributions, was investigated. It was found that, for cracks with mixed orientations, the effective thermal conductivity is insensitive to the actual crack alignment and can be uniquely represented by the crack density. The mixed-orientation periodic crack configurations are also representative of random sizes, orientations, and spatial distributions of cracks, thus exhibiting a high degree of generality. The modeling analyses can also be used to determine simple empirical expressions for two- and three-dimensional media containing random cracks.

Adsorption of methyl orange, acid chrome blue K, and Congo red dyes on MIL-101-NH2 adsorbent: Analytical interpretation via advanced model

A synthesized MIL-101-NH2 has been used as an adsorbent to analyze Congo red (CR), methyl orange (MO), and acid chrome blue K (AC) dye adsorption phenomena. This investigation, based on statistical physics treatment, applied the double layer model with two energies to understand dye adsorption on three samples, namely, MIL-101-NH2-1, MIL-101-NH2-2, and MIL-101-NH2-3, at T = 298 K. Modeling results indicated that dye adsorption occurred via a mixed adsorption orientation for CR and MO dyes and a non-parallel orientation for AC dye on the MIL-101-NH2 surface. Dye uptake quantities varied from 2534.4 to 3440 mg/g for CR dye, 240.4 to 490.8 mg/g for MO dye, and 277 to 293 mg/g for AC dye. Thus, the highest adsorption amount appeared in the case of CR dye. Interpretation of the calculated energies showed that adsorption of the dyes on MIL-101-NH2 is a physisorption phenomenon, which could be controlled through energetic parameters obtained via numerical findings using the statistical double layer model. Moreover, the expression of the model is exploited to investigate the thermodynamic functions, such as internal energy.

MoS2 Synapses with Ultra-low Variability and Their Implementation in Boolean Logic.

Brain-inspired computing enabled by memristors has gained prominence over the years due to the nanoscale footprint and reduced complexity for implementing synapses and neurons. The demonstration of complex neuromorphic circuits using conventional materials systems has been limited by high cycle-to-cycle and device-to-device variability. Two-dimensional (2D) materials have been used to realize transparent, flexible, ultra-thin memristive synapses for neuromorphic computing, but with limited knowledge on the statistical variation of devices. In this work, we demonstrate ultra-low-variability synapses using chemical vapor deposited 2D MoS2 as the switching medium with Ti/Au electrodes. These devices, fabricated using a transfer-free process, exhibit ultra-low variability in SET voltage, RESET power distribution, and synaptic weight update characteristics. This ultra-low variability is enabled by the interface rendered by a Ti/Au top contact on Si-rich MoS2 layers of mixed orientation, corroborated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). TEM images further confirm the stability of the device stack even after subjecting the device to 100 SET-RESET cycles. Additionally, we implement logic gates by monolithic integration of MoS2 synapses with MoS2 leaky integrate-and-fire neurons to show the viability of these devices for non-von Neumann computing.

Pin-bearing mechanical behaviour of continuous reinforced Kevlar fibre composite fabricated via fused filament fabrication

In this study, the pin bearing behaviour of a 3D printed composite material with Kevlar reinforcement was analysed. Three different experimental tests were designed to determine the effects of fibre orientation, layer design, and fibre distribution along the specimen thickness. Furthermore, the pin-bearing strength and stiffness were analysed using statistical methods as analysis of variance. The results indicate a significant increase in bearing strength and stiffness for at least two fibre orientations, i.e. 0°and 90° with respect to the pin displacement. The results also highlight a no significant variation of strength and stiffness for parts produced adopting a mixed or single fibre orientation; finally, the findings do not indicate any significant influence of the fibre layer position inside the specimen, i.e. this parameter does not limit the freedom when designing a fibre-reinforced part.

Effective adsorption of crystal violet dye on sugarcane bagasse–bentonite/sodium alginate composite aerogel: Characterisation, experiments, and advanced modelling

A novel sugarcane bagasse–bentonite/sodium alginate (SCB–Ben/SA) composite aerogel was prepared as an effective green adsorbent via blending–cross-linking for the removal of crystal violet (CV) dye from aqueous solution. The equilibrium adsorption capacity of SCB–Ben/SA for CV was 839.9 mg/g at 0.8 mg/mL adsorbent dosage, temperature 303 K, pH 4, and 800 mg/L initial CV concentration, and presented a removal rate of 85%. Adsorption kinetics studied using the novel pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order (PFO–PSO) combined model showed that CV adsorption by SCB–Ben/SA was a complex process and did not include a single mechanism, but involved both chemical and physical adsorption reactions; however, chemisorption was the dominant kinetic mechanism. The dynamic characteristics of CV adsorption process achieved through the liquid film around SCB–Ben/SA and the pores inside SCB–Ben/SA was described satisfactorily and conveniently using the novel film–pore mass transfer (FPMT) model. A multilayer adsorption model was applied to further understand the CV adsorption behaviour of SCB–Ben/SA. The number of linked CV molecules per functional group varied from 0.53 to 0.63 for SCB–Ben/SA. The CV molecules were adsorbed on SCB–Ben/SA via mixed orientation. The adsorption isotherms and thermodynamics revealed that the multilayer adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous. Overall, SCB–Ben/SA was found to be an efficient, low-cost, green, and recyclable adsorbent for organic dye removal.

Application of a multilayer physical model for the critical analysis of the adsorption of nicotinamide and propranolol on magnetic-activated carbon.

The paper describes a theoretical analysis of the adsorption of nicotinamide and propranolol onto a magnetic-activated carbon (MAC). For a better evaluation of the adsorption mechanism, adsorption isotherms expressing the variation of the adsorption capacity as function of adsorbate concentration were determined at different temperatures ranging from 20 to 45°C. For both the analytes, experimental tests reveal that adsorption capacity increases with temperature. An advanced multi-layer model derived from the statistical physics is set for the interpretation of the entire adsorption data set. The modelling results show that the propranolol molecules change their adsorption orientation from a mixed (parallel and non-parallel) orientation to a multimolecular process. For nicotinamide, the aggregation of molecules is practically absent, except for the data at lower temperatures. The model allows stating that the adsorption of both the pharmaceutical compounds occurs via the formation of one or two layers on MAC adsorbent, the propranolol showing a higher tendency to form multiple layers. Finally, adsorption energy is estimated suggesting that the adsorption is endothermic and physical interactions are the responsible of the adsorption of both the compounds onto MAC adsorbent.

Dynamic analysis of cantilever beam used carbon fiber composite for aerospace applications

The mixed carbon fibre composites and angle orientation of part is subjected to a dynamical study. Model analysis is used to identify the materials mode shapes and bending strength of composite structures. The higher outcomes of aircraft structural applications are supplied by natural frequency. The Ansys workbench module draws the cantilever beam with one end static and the other end free for analysing composite behaviours in the structural parts and linear structures. The research using finite elements showed eight different deformation shapes. The greatest values of natural frequency and comparable shapes are predicted by the mode shapes of 1 to 8. The strain rates is examined the basic frequency of 25.27 Hz determined in the cantilever beam structures. The dynamic vibration is formed 17.80 Hz of composite vibration is produced from these experiments.