Color Mixing Research Articles

Analysis of the process of coloring objects based on the optical properties of objects

Color is a certain spectrum contained in a perfect light (white). The purpose of this study is 1). Can determine the cause of the color of the object (what causes a different object than the other color) 2). Can observe the color that occurs when two or more colors are mixed. The benefit in order to inform readers about what actually causes the color of the object and what if two or more colors are mixed. Mixing colors for color RGB, the colors Red to Green produce colors orange, blue color to produce a color Sian Green, Red color with blue produce magenta, and Red, Green with Blue produces white color. For CMY color mixing, the colors Cyan with yellow produce green color, magenta with yellow produces red color, the color Cyan by Magenta produces blue, and the colors Cyan, Magenta produces yellow Gray (Brown). Color objects can be invisible to the eye because of the reflection of the color of the object illuminated by light.

Neuronal network algorithm towards color model of full color gamut yarn and its color prediction research

This article builds a gridded color matching model based on digital color mixing of four primary colored fibers in the context of digital spinning, which can separately perform regulation of hue, saturation, and lightness within the full color gamut. Combining the requirements of a neuronal network prediction algorithm, the mixing ratios of primary colored fibers and spectral reflectance were used as input and output parameters for each other, and 41 grid point mixing samples were selected from the constructed gridded color mixing model, 31 of which were chosen as training samples to establish a neuronal network model containing input, hidden, and output layers. The remaining 10 mixed samples were then selected as predicting samples to perform validation of the model's capability to predict the color or the mixing ratio of the four primary colored fibers. The final results showed that the color difference of the mixed samples used for color prediction was 0.90 at the minimum, 2.31 at the maximum, and 1.45 at the average; the mean absolute error for proportional forecasting was 0.19%, and the root mean square error was 0.97%. The findings indicate that the forecasting method has excellent prediction accuracy, and the constructed color matching model of four primary colors and neuronal network algorithm can be applied to the prediction of mixed colors of multiple primary colored fibers, providing technical support for the spinning of colored yarns.

Shibori Workshop As A mean To Empower People With Psychological Disorders At Bachok, Kelantan

A psychological disorder is a mental disorder. Mental diseases or disorders are ailments that influence your thoughts, feelings, emotions, and behaviour. They might be intermittent or persistent (chronic). They can have an impact on your capacity to interact with others and operate on a daily basis. The types of psychological disorder are Anxiety disorders, including panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and phobias, Depression, bipolar disorder, Eating disorders, Personality disorders, Post-traumatic stress disorder, Psychotic disorders, including schizophrenia. The researcher focused on disorders caused by tension or stress in this study. Tension is classified into two types eustress and distress. In this case, The researcher selects a suitable activity based on difficulties connected to stress that patients encounter. The activity has no fire, heat, or sharp items and 10 respondent using A4 size cotton fabric to do shibori technique. Shibori or tie dye workshops are the focus of the activities. Activities that use shibori or tie dye processes make things easier and may produce outstanding outcomes. Shibori-making may improve patience, therefore it's also regarded as a beneficial pastime for emotional and mental stability. It may also be a creative and entertaining activity at the same time. The findings of this study have 2 result is was evaluation participants and evaluation product may aid patients by improving their emotional and mental stability through patience training. This session may be beneficial to patients. Colour mixing can also be considered art therapy for patients. Patients can use this session to create a conduit for their emotions and feelings to be channelled via colour. It can also promote self-confidence and empower patients by increasing creativity and productivity.

Influence of juvenile wood proportion on density and modulus of elasticity in softwood boards for structural use: a preliminary study.

Juvenile wood (JW) can influence the performance of structural boards since it presents lower physical and mechanical properties. This study aimed evaluate the influence of JW proportion on density and modulus of elasticity (MOE) on boards for structural use. Pinus taeda logs 30 years old, had growth rings manually counted (on the pith to bark direction), and the first six rings were painted with color red (0-6), followed by blue (6.1-12), orange (12.1-18), green (18.1-24), and yellow (over 24.1), successively, and cut into boards. The proportion of each color was obtained by analysis of the transversal areas of boards with software. MOE was obtained by a nondestructive test. Multiple linear regression models were applied with 5% of significance. The estimated MOE indicates that boards with at least 57% of orange and green colors (between 12.1 - 24 years old) can achieve the minimum MOE value for using as structural as well as boards without red color but with the presence of green and yellow can have MOE bigger than 7000 MPa. The study indicates a behavior tendency about which proportion and mixed colors can affect the MOE of the board to be classified as structural.

Functional Genomics and Eye Color Prediction

The ability to reconstruct a recognizable face from skeletal remains is a useful investigative tool for human identification. Functional genomics plays a role in facial reconstruction through the identification of the regulation of pigmentation pathways. Functional genomics here refers to the study of how genes and intergenic sequences contribute to metabolic pathways and work together to produce a particular phenotype. This form of genetic information adds and confirms the physical traits that help with a visual identification of a person by allowing for the biological predictions of pigmentation for eye, hair, and skin color in facial reconstruction. The principle of SNP testing for eye color prediction from human tooth DNA using both destructive and nondestructive DNA extraction methods is presented using the IrisPlex eye color prediction software. This IrisPlex eye color prediction software is not one hundred percent accurate, and we have explored the classification issues behind those discrepancies by examining DNA from blue, brown, and intermediate eye color donors as well as those donors exhibiting heterochromia (mixed eye colors). The importance of correct prediction of eye color for facial reconstruction is to aid in correct identification of skeletal remains through forensic phenotyping investigation. Irisplex is useful for the correct prediction of blue and brown eye individuals but is less able to distinguish between the subcategories of grey, green, heterochromia and hazel for the intermediate category.

From Landscapes to Projection Drama

From Landscapes to Projection Drama

Способы обозначения оттенков цвета в казахском и южносибирских тюркских языках

The article reveals the mechanism of word formation in the Turkic languages in a comparative aspect by considering the Kazakh and Altai languages. Their genetic closeness determines the similarity in the organization of color naming systems due to their common historical roots. However, this closeness does not deny the differences that arose during their independent cultural and historical development. The morphological method is basic in the word formation process of color designations of the languages under study. A number of parametric values are formed, in particular, the sufficiency or insufficiency of color, the degree of color intensity and saturation (high or low), and the gradation of features. The word formation mechanism also includes compounding and reduplication (full and partial), syntactic and comparative constructions. Each of the methods is intended to express specific semantics, with the morphological expressing a weak degree, reduplication demonstrating high-degree features, and compounding designating mixed colors. The word-formation analysis of color designation allows a conclusion to be drawn that the Kazakh and Altai languages possess a significant potential for expanding and enriching the lexical-semantic group of color designations.

Peculiarities of the Phenotype Signs in Suiciders

Abstract. The article is devoted to the study of phenotypic characteristics of persons prone to suicidal actions. Analysis of the number of suicides, factors and conditions of their occurrence is difficult and subjective, as it is associated with insufficient information about the causes of suicides.
 In this regard, the search for markers that allow identifying persons prone to suicidal states, in order to carry out preventive measures with him in order to prevent cases of suicide, becomes particularly relevant.
 The aim of to determine the complex of anthroposcopic and dermatoglyphic parameters of fingers and toes, which make up the dermatoglyphic constitution of persons who committed suicide.
 Materials and methods of the study. 2 groups of people were studied: 1 group – corpses of people who committed suicide (100 people: 50 men and 50 women); Group 2 - individuals of the control group who died as a result of an accident (100 people: 50 men, 50 women). Research methods: anthroposcopic, dermatoglyphic, statistical analysis.
 Results of the study. After studying and processing the questionnaire data, which contained information about descriptive characteristics, we obtained the following indicators, which slightly differed in gender groups, therefore, they are presented in aggregates without division by gender.
 Skin color, taking into account the fact that all studied groups belong to Caucasians, ranged from light shades. The group of suicide victims was dominated by people with white (54.6%) and yellow skin tones (38.6%). However, a relatively higher percentage (38.6%) of people with a yellow skin tone occurred among the suicide victims in the control group. among suicide victims, persons with straight black (39.5%) and dark blond (27.9%) hair predominate, and relatively few persons with brown hair (4.7%). In comparison with the control group, the specified ratio is preserved. It was found that in the group of suicides, compared to the control group, there were more people with triangular (11.6%), rectangular (13.9%) and round (25.6%) face shapes. However, within the group of suicides, individuals with an oval-elongated face predominated (48.9%). The facial features of suicide victims were mostly average (79.1%), the forehead height was average (53.5%) or high (44.2%), the forehead slope was vertical (30.9%) or tilted back (66.7 %), the forehead was wide (51.2%), the frontal ridges were moderately expressed (46.5%); the lower jaw did not protrude forward (90.7%), the lips were mostly narrow (61.4%), and the nose was wide (88.6%). As for the color of the eyes, among the suicide victims there was a predominance of persons with blue (34.0%) and light (28.3%) and dark (18.9%) brown eyes. Compared to the control group, blue-eyed people were more common, and persons with checkered-green and mixed eye color were less common. In 93.2% of cases, the incision of the eyes of suicide victims is almond-shaped. The study of the obtained dermatoglyphic parameters of the fingers showed that in persons prone to suicidal actions, the frequency of occurrence of an arc-type pattern (A) on the distal phalanges of the II and IV fingers of both hands was 10.1% (control group - 5.1%), the pattern type radial loop (Lr) on the right hand was 15.2% (control group 30%). On the distal phalanges of the toes of suicide victims, type A patterns predominated (30.2% vs. 15.05 in the control group), a high frequency of curls (W) on the II toes of both feet (25% of cases on the right and 32.3% of cases on the left).
 Conclusions. In the course of the study, the presence of phenotypic (anthroposcopic and dermatoglyphic) signs characteristic of suicides was established.
 Keywords: forensic medicine, suicide, dermatoglyphics.

Color mixing in targets seen through turbulence

We propose a novel imaging technique for assessing turbulence strength based on the color fluctuations of remote targets. Their chromatic changes, due to color mixing produced by the atmospheric optical turbulence, is characterized. We take advantage of a RGB Fourier transform-based color space to analyze the chromatic information on target images; then, through a model of primary color overlays, a chromatic shift measure is defined by the statistical dispersion of pixel colors. It is shown that such color changes can be related to the strength of refractive index fluctuations defined by the structure constant, .

Is vigilance a personality trait? Plasticity is key alongside some contextual consistency.

Animals regularly scan their environment for predators and to monitor conspecifics. However, individuals in a group seem to differ in their vigilance linked to age, sex or state with recent links made to personality. The aims of the study were to investigate whether a) individuals differ consistently in their vigilance, b) vigilance is linked to other personality traits and c) other factors affect vigilance in the colour polymorphic Gouldian finch. Birds were tested in same (red-headed or black-headed) or mixed head colour morph same sex pairs in four contexts (novel environment, familiar environment, two changed environments). Vigilance was measured as horizontal head movements. Vigilance showed contextual consistency but no long-term temporal consistency over a year. Head movements were only weakly linked to other personality traits indicative of a risk-reward trade-off with more explorative individuals being less vigilant. Vigilance was highly plastic across situations and affected by group composition. Mixed head colour morph pairs made more head movements, potentially linked to higher social vigilance. Results indicate that vigilance is a highly plastic trait affected by personality rather than a personality trait on its own, which allows adapting vigilance to different situations.

Employing Neural Style Transfer for Generating Deep Dream Images

In recent years, deep dream and neural style transfer emerged as hot topics in deep learning. Hence, mixing those two techniques support the art and enhance the images that simulate hallucinations among psychiatric patients and drug addicts. In this study, our model combines deep dream and neural style transfer (NST) to produce a new image that combines the two technologies. VGG-19 and Inception v3 pre-trained networks are used for NST and deep dream, respectively. Gram matrix is a vital process for style transfer. The loss is minimized in style transfer while maximized in a deep dream using gradient descent for the first case and gradient ascent for the second. We found that different image produces different loss values depending on the degree of clarity of that images. Distorted images have higher loss values in NST and lower loss values with deep dreams. The opposite happened for the clear images that did not contain mixed lines, circles, colors, or other shapes.

Aktivitas Fundamental Matematis pada Kerajinan Wayang Kulit dan Aplikasinya dalam Pembelajaran Matematika

Mathematics is considered a difficult and boring subject because it involves numbers, symbols, and formulas. The use of culture associated with mathematics will provide new experiences for students in learning mathematics so that it will not cause boredom. The fundamental mathematical aspect that will be observed is the motif and the process by which puppets are made. The purpose of this research to describe fundamental mathematical activity according to Bishop on the shadow puppets craft. The type of research was descriptive qualitative with ethnographic approach. The data collection method that used were interviews, observations, documentation, and references. This research show that mathematics aspect of the shadow puppet craft according to Bishop: (1) counting include a long time of manufacture, number of puppets, number of tools and materials; (2) locating included the division of land, boundaries, placement of motifs; (3) measuring included fat content, calculation size and weight of the device, symmetrical motif size, color mix ratio, gradation level; (4) designing incuded the shapes of tools and materials, sketching, motifs, lines; (5) playing induded the steps and process production; and (6) explaining included the meaning of motifs, the use of tatah, and the application of color. In addition, the fundamental aspects of mathematics in the process of making puppets can be implemented in junior high schools in the form of questions.

Adsorption of single and mixed colors by kaolinite clay: Experimental research combined with a theoretical examination using DFT

Adsorption of the most suitable dyes on locally available clay minerals is considered the most promising, efficient, and inexpensive approach. Indeed, the main objective of this study was to explain the selectivity of an adsorbing surface between the two dyes in a mixture of a solution, using a density functional theory (DFT) calculation based on the global electrophilic index ω of the evaluated cationic dyes. Thus, to study the effect of adsorption of these two dyes, Basic Yellow 28 (BY28) and Malachite Green (MG), in a mixture, and separated by a kind of natural clay from the city of Safi, composed mainly of Kaolinite, determined using structural and textual analysis DRX., FTIR., XRF., SEM., EDX., pHZPC. Subsequently, the study of the effect of different parameters, such as the dose of adsorbent, concentration, pH, and the temperature of the work, allows for optimizing working conditions. The experimental data were analyzed using the isothermal, Langmuir, Temkin, and Freundlich models. The Langmuir model obtained the best fit with a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 28.41 mg.g−1 for basic yellow 28, and 23.75 mg.g−1 for the malachite green in the mixture. The adsorption of the mix was found to be of a different nature (ΔH°BY28.mixt = -13.37 KJ.mol−1, ΔH°MG.mixt = 9,82 KJ.mol−1), while the positive value for MG.mixt of entropy 66.7 J.mol−1.K−1 indicated increased randomness at the solid/liquid interface. The adsorption kinetics data were correctly fitted with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Local Parr functions were used to accurately describe the most reactive adsorption sites, and the most selective dye was then assessed.

A Color-Mixing Setup for a Physics Teaching Laboratory

In this paper, an experimental setup composed of a color-mixing device, power supply, and spectrometer is developed. This setup is available for students to do hands-on color mixing with red, green, and blue light in undergraduate labs. LED volt-ampere and spectrum characteristics are investigated. The apparatus was used to perform additive color mixing, and visual colorimetric parameters such as color coordinates, dominant wavelength, and color purity were obtained. This will help students understand the physics of LEDs and chromaticity. In addition, this experiment is useful in introducing topics such as the CIE chromaticity diagram and human perception of colors.

An Effective Surface Defect Classification Method Based on RepVGG with CBAM Attention Mechanism (RepVGG-CBAM) for Aluminum Profiles

The automatic classification of aluminum profile surface defects is of great significance in improving the surface quality of aluminum profiles in practical production. This classification is influenced by the small and unbalanced number of samples and lack of uniformity in the size and spatial distribution of aluminum profile surface defects. It is difficult to achieve high classification accuracy by directly using the current advanced classification algorithms. In this paper, digital image processing methods such as rotation, flipping, contrast, and luminance transformation were used to augment the number of samples and imitate the complex imaging environment in actual practice. A RepVGG with CBAM attention mechanism (RepVGG-CBAM) model was proposed and applied to classify ten types of aluminum profile surface defects. The classification accuracy reached 99.41%, in particular, the proposed method can perfectly classify six types of defects: concave line (cl), exposed bottom (eb), exposed corner bottom (ecb), mixed color (mc), non-conductivity (nc) and orange peel (op), with 100% precision, recall, and F1. Compared with the existing advanced classification algorithms VGG16, VGG19, ResNet34, ResNet50, ShuffleNet_v2, and basic RepVGG, our model is the best in terms of accuracy, macro precision, macro recall and macro F1, and the accuracy was improved by 4.85% over basic RepVGG. Finally, an ablation experiment proved that the classification ability was strongest when the CBAM attention mechanism was added following Stage 1 to Stage 4 of RepVGG. Overall, the method we proposed in this paper has a significant reference value for classifying aluminum profile surface defects.

Assessing Müllerian mimicry in North American bumble bees using human perception

Despite the broad recognition of mimicry among bumble bees, distinct North American mimicry rings have yet to be defined, due in part to the prevalence of intermediate and imperfect mimics in this region. Here we employ a generalization approach using human perception to categorize mimicry rings among North American bumble bees. We then map species distributions on North American ecoregions to visually test for geographic concordance among similarly-colored species. Our analyses suggest that there are five mimicry rings in the North American bumble bee mimicry complex, and one broadly distributed group of mixed and intermediate color forms. We describe the Black Mimicry Ring, Black-cloaked Mimicry Ring, Eastern Yellow Mimicry Ring, Red Mimicry Ring, and Western Yellow Mimicry Ring as well as the mixed group. We then test these hypothesized mimicry rings by examining other insects that participate in these mimicry rings. Describing these mimicry rings is a vital step that will enable future analyses of imperfect mimicry, intermediate mimicry, and additional analyses of other insects that mimic bumble bees.

Study of Material Color Influences on Mechanical Characteristics of Fused Deposition Modeling Parts.

The objective of the present work is to evaluate the influence of material color on mechanical properties of fused deposition modeling (FDM) parts. The performance of the products is evaluated by testing eight different colors of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and polylactic acid (PLA) material in terms of tensile strength, compressive strength, and flexural strength. The analysis of data shows a significant difference in mechanical characteristics of prints depending on filament color. For different colors, these three strengths almost follow the same rising and falling tendency. In order to explore the relationship between mechanical strengths and filament colors, the color-mixing theory and the least-squares method are adopted to fit the best ratio coefficients of different color combinations. Results are presented showing that the strength value (e.g., tensile) of the mixed color can be evaluated through that of primary colors by fitting the other strength (e.g., compressive or flexural). It is shown that the predicted value is always no more than 7% error compared with the actual strength, in spite of two-color or three-color mixtures. An additional confirmation test with seven colored PLA filaments from different suppliers was conducted to focus on the extensibility. The outcomes show the maximum fitting errors of strengths for mixed colors in all cases are within 5%, proving the effectiveness and applicability of this predicted approach. This study can bring a detailed analysis that enables better estimation of the function of material color and contributes to improving the property of FDM printed products for consumers by choosing the suitable filament color.

Epidemio-toxicological profile of suicide cases: analysis from a forensic unit in Brazil

The suicide phenomenon involves complex interactions between psychological, biological, cultural and socio-environmental factors. This study aimed to assess the epidemiological and toxicological profiles of officially confirmed suicide victims. A retrospective study was performed using autopsy reports, forensic anthropology examinations and police summaries of all suicide cases that underwent toxicological analysis at an Official Forensic Laboratory (Minas Gerais, Brazil) in 1 year. The sample set was composed of 351 suicide victims, predominantly men (70.32%), most of them were adults between 31 and 64 years old (62.11%), with mixed skin colour (48.89%) and low educational level (66.44%). The most common suicide method was hanging (57.79%), followed by intoxication (30.45%). Most victims presented positive toxicological results (56.41%), especially for the presence of medicines (37.6%), illicit drugs (36.3%) and pesticides (26.1%). Our study corroborated previous data that most suicide victims have low educational levels. The most common toxicological findings were medicines, especially prescription drugs, followed by illicit drugs and pesticides. We hope this study contributes to reflections and planning of preventive suicide programmes, considering the described profiles of victims.

Where Perception Meets Reality: The Science of Measuring Color

Color is something that most people take for granted. A key assumption in color science is that our perceptions are similar and individual differences are small. Predictable rules, such as additive color mixing, make color modeling possible so that we can describe the richness of color in relatively low-dimensional spaces like red, green, and blue (RGB). Here, we look at how scientists define and calibrate color, various color measurement methods, and issues that arise when attempting to accurately measure and quantify color.

Double-faced shading effect digital jacquard fabric with a weft-backed and warp-wadded structure

Jacquard fabric produced by a weft-backed and warp-wadded structure is a traditional figured fabric in ancient China. However, it cannot express multi-color on the face of fabric due to the restriction of the woven structure produced in the traditional manner. At present, researchers focus more on archaeological discoveries and cultural relic replication of jacquard fabrics with a weft-backed and warp-wadded structure, but neglect research on expanding the color gamut through structural innovation. To achieve rich colors and a double-faced shading effect on jacquard fabric, this paper proposes a design principle and method for the weft-backed and warp-wadded structure under the layered-combination design mode. Four structural models of the weft-backed and warp-wadded structure are combined with full-color shaded weaves, and the effectiveness of the color shading effect is verified through a fabric specimen experiment. The results show that the average lightness difference ranges from 0.80 to 1.48, the color difference ranges from 1.67 to 3.03, and the variance ranges from 0.21 to 1.27 on both sides of the fabric specimens. The resulting fabric achieves a full-color shading effect of four mixed colors and high color purity on both sides. In addition, the color shading effect is stable and ideal. The results of this study are expected to have tremendous benefits for the creation of new jacquard fabrics that will be applied to apparel and home textiles.