Mixed Colonies Research Articles

Effect of nitrogen on grain growth and formability of Ti-stabilized ferritic stainless steels

The relationship between the grain size of as-cast and cold rolled 16%Cr ferritic stainless steel and the surface roughness defect, called ridging during forming was investigated. The ridging height corresponded to the grain size of the as-cast sample. The nitrogen content of 140 ppm yielded the minimum grain size and the minimum ridging height observed, whereas the nitrogen content of 50 ppm yielded the maximum grain size and the maximum ridging height observed. Ridging results from different plastic anisotropies of band structure composed of colonies. Through the EBSD analysis, the texture of mixed colonies composed of ND//{112} and ND//{331} in the 50 ppm nitrogen steel underwent more severe ridging than the randomly texture in the 140 ppm nitrogen steel sample. Therefore, an effective means to reduce the ridging of ferritic stainless steel during the forming process is to form a random texture by enhancing the formation of fine equiaxed grain during the casting process. During equal holding times at 1200 °C, the 80 ppm nitrogen sample was definitely coarsened, whereas the 200 ppm nitrogen sample underwent slower grain growth. Zener pinning force, which is proportional to the number of TiN particles on grain boundaries, was relatively strong in samples of 200 ppm nitrogen content, corresponding to slower grain growth. Although the Zener pinning force great affected with increasing nitrogen content, there may not affect the trend of initial cast grain size to be changed as much during annealing.

Two closely related species of Nipponaphis (Hemiptera: Aphididae) that migrate between Distylium racemosum and Machilus trees in Japan

AbstractNipponaphis loochooensis Sorin, 1996 and N. machilicola (Shinji, 1941) form fig‐shaped or globular galls on Distylium racemosum in southern Japan. Nipponaphis machilicola migrates to the lauraceous evergreen Machilus thunbergii. Nipponaphis loochooensis has also been supposed to migrate to M. thunbergii, but its secondary‐host generation has not been found in the field to date. Through sampling Nipponaphis aphids from trees of M. japonica in addition to M. thunbergii, and sequencing their mitochondrial DNA, we found that the two species form colonies on twigs of both Machilus species, and that the two at times colonize on the same trees and even form mixed colonies. Only N. loochooensis forms colonies on leaves of M. japonica, but neither species colonizes on leaves of M. thunbergii. The secondary‐host generations of the two species could be clearly discriminated from each other, based on morphology. It was confirmed by examining the type specimens of Nipponaphis amamiana Takahashi, 1962 that the name is a junior synonym of N. machilicola.

Detection of potyviruses infecting Iranian common beans using broad-spectrum antibodies and universal primer pairs

Six provinces of Iran were surveyed during 2012–2014 to detect potyviruses infecting common bean crops. A total of 277 leaf samples were collected from bean plants and some other legumes as well as weeds and wild legumes showing virus-like symptoms. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using broad-spectrum potyvirus antibodies gave a positive reaction with 63 samples (22.7%). Moreover, a mixed colony of aphids (Aphis craccivora and A. fabae), collected from a locust tree plant (Robinia sp.), transmitted a potyvirus to young healthy bean plants; the infection was confirmed through serological assays. Partial nuclear inclusion b (NIb) and coat protein (CP) regions of the genomes of 19 ELISA-positive samples were amplified by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using NIb and NWCIEN (or WCIEN) universal primer sets, respectively. Potyvirus species identification was confirmed by BLASTN and phylogenetic analyses followed by ELISA tests using virus-specific antibodies or biological assays. The results clearly showed the presence of Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV), Bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV), Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) and Wisteria vein mosaic virus (WVMV) in the samples tested. Non-specific amplification of a Cucumovirus genome by using NIb primers was also recorded. The results showed the natural occurrence of a new potyvirus species (WVMV), and a new host for BYMV (Trifolium repens) in the mid-Eurasian region of Iran. Our findings indicate the capacity of the universal detection systems for fast and accurate detection of legume potyviruses in the country and for use in routine diagnostic assays.

Analysis of 100 high-coverage genomes from a pedigreed captive baboon colony.

Baboons (genus Papio) are broadly studied in the wild and in captivity. They are widely used as a nonhuman primate model for biomedical studies, and the Southwest National Primate Research Center (SNPRC) at Texas Biomedical Research Institute has maintained a large captive baboon colony for more than 50 yr. Unlike other model organisms, however, the genomic resources for baboons are severely lacking. This has hindered the progress of studies using baboons as a model for basic biology or human disease. Here, we describe a data set of 100 high-coverage whole-genome sequences obtained from the mixed colony of olive (P. anubis) and yellow (P. cynocephalus) baboons housed at the SNPRC. These data provide a comprehensive catalog of common genetic variation in baboons, as well as a fine-scale genetic map. We show how the data can be used to learn about ancestry and admixture and to correct errors in the colony records. Finally, we investigated the consequences of inbreeding within the SNPRC colony and found clear evidence for increased rates of infant mortality and increased homozygosity of putatively deleterious alleles in inbred individuals.

Flexible time-of-use tariff with dynamic demand using artificial bee colony with transferred memory scheme

Abstract Balancing the contradiction between electricity demand and supply is the fundamental issue in demand side management (DSM). To address it, time-of-use (TOU) tariff has been studied extensively. In the TOU tariff, different prices are assigned to different periods of electricity consumption. The customers are implicitly encouraged to shift the consumption from peak to non-peak periods, resulting in the decrease of electricity supply cost and the increase of customer benefits. In this paper, the TOU tariff for a real-world thermal electricity company under dynamic electricity demand is studied. Specifically, a flexible TOU (FTOU) tariff model is proposed to optimize the electricity prices and their allocations to different time periods simultaneously, constrained by the dynamic demand of customers. A mixed artificial bee colony (mABC) approach is proposed to deal with the continuous prices and discrete allocations simultaneously, embedded with a transferred memory scheme (TMS) to achieve the flexible and smooth tariff design with dynamic demand. The experimental studies via the real-world scenarios are conducted to assess the performance of the proposal in comparison with various state-of-the-art approaches, including the standard and advanced variants. The effectiveness and applicability of TMS are also demonstrated by integrating into other advanced optimizers, such as L-SHADE and HCLPSO.

Assessment of the stability of bat ectoparasite communities using a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method

The paper deals with a research of epiparasite communities in native karst caves in the South of Nizhny Novgorod Region. Six species of bats such as Daubentons water bat, Brandts bat, whiskered bat, pond bat, northern bat and long-eared bat were examined. A Principal Component Analysis was used to identify factors influencing the composition of ectoparasites as well as the number and distribution of mites in mixed colonies of bats. As the cave and its inhabitants can be considered as a microbiotope, it is obvious that there are specific relations between inhabitants in caves. Special habitat conditions indirectly influence the parasitic systems developing there which are characterized by certain stability. Mann-Whitney U-test was used to estimate the difference between samples of animals from different habitats. Methods of nonparametric statistics didnt find significant distinctions by the hosts, years and biotopes, the bat colony and their ectoparasites can be estimated as a single complexly organized system, existing long in space and time. From all possible factorial space four factors have significant effect on systems. The contribution of the first and second factors is equal to 65% of variance (specificity of parasites to hosts and a factor of dominant species presence). In parasite communities of bats interrelations which cause successful existence of all types without the expressed competition are observed. Our results indicate a complex relationship between the parasites in the community on the one hand, and long-term existence of the community on the other hand. Each member of parasitic system has a position in factorial space. In parasite communities of bats we met only one factor-dependent species ( Spinturnix acuminatus, Sp. plecotinus, Leptotrombidium russicum ). Species that show moderate and positive, moderate and negative correlation dependence with several factors are found. For example, Spinturnix myoti , Sp. kolenatii , Macronyssus heteromorphus , etc. Heterogeneity of environmental impact on the parasitic systems which are formed in natural caves provides stability of bat parasite communities in general.

Longevity, food consumption, and foraging performance of Apis cerana and Apis mellifera in mixed colonies

Apis cerana is an endemic species of honey bee in Asia. A. cerana is believed to have better adaptation to scattered nectar sources than Apis mellifera, which implies that honey can be harvested from A. cerana colonies, but A. mellifera will starve at the same location. We hypothesize that there are differences in foraging performance, worker longevity, and daily sugar consumption between A. cerana and A. mellifera workers. These parameters in both species were determined. A. cerana had longer longevity than A. mellifera if longevity was measured in caged bees without pollen or in mixed species colonies with A. mellifera queens, but A. mellifera had much longer longevity when measured inside cages provided with pollen. A. cerana also had more foraging trips and higher proportion of foragers than A. mellifera in mixed colonies. The daily sugar consumption of A. cerana workers was 32% of that of A. mellifera, perhaps mainly due to the smaller biomass of A. cerana workers. In addition, A. cerana workers showed significantly lower variance in daily sugar consumption. In conclusion, A. cerana has more foraging trips, higher forager proportion, less sugar consumption, and longer survival than those of A. mellifera, when measured inside the same colonies. These differences might explain why during a dearth or in scattered resource areas, A. cerana can store or produce more honey than A. mellifera.

Isolasi Mikroba Dari Air Asam Tambang Pada Area Pertambangan Tembaga Di Pulau Wetar, Provinsi Maluku

This research was conducted to find bacteria from the genus Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans which isolated from mine acid water in the copper mining area on Wetar Island, Maluku Province. This bacterium will be utilized in the biohidrometallurgical process (bioleaching) for copper extraction in mining area. The results of this study indicate that bacteria can be isolated from mine acid water samples by enrichment method that was use liquid media from Leathen which is optimized using Trypton Soya Broth (TSB) and bacterial growth on solid media. The presence of Thiobacillussp bacteria was confirmed by the results of gene analysis using a 16S rRNA sequence showing the presence of mixed bacterial colonies but not a single colony.

Type IV Pilin Post-Translational Modifications Modulate Material Properties of Bacterial Colonies

Bacterial type 4 pili (T4P) are extracellular polymers that initiate the formation of microcolonies and biofilms. T4P continuously elongate and retract. These pilus dynamics crucially affect the local order, shape, and fluidity of microcolonies. The major pilin subunit of the T4P bears multiple post-translational modifications. By interfering with different steps of the pilin glycosylation and phosphoform modification pathways, we investigated the effect of pilin post-translational modification on the shape and dynamics of microcolonies formed by Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Deleting the phosphotransferase responsible for phosphoethanolamine modification at residue serine 68 inhibits shape relaxations of microcolonies after perturbation and causes bacteria carrying the phosphoform modification to segregate to the surface of mixed colonies. We relate these mesoscopic phenotypes to increased attractive forces generated by T4P between cells. Moreover, by deleting genes responsible for the pilin glycan structure, we show that the number of saccharides attached at residue serine 63 affects the ratio between surface tension and viscosity and cause sorting between bacteria carrying different pilin glycoforms. We conclude that different pilin post-translational modifications moderately affect the attractive forces between bacteria but have severe effects on the material properties of microcolonies.

In a relationship: sister species in mixed colonies, with a description of new Chikunia species (Theridiidae)

Abstract Group-living behaviour is rare in spiders but has evolved repeatedly, yielding several species, some showing cooperation among close kin, and others living in colonies where each female builds its own web and is territorial. The most frequent origins of group living are seen in the cobweb spiders (Theridiidae) that commonly build three-dimensional webs and show extensive maternal care, both putatively pre-adaptive traits to spider sociality. A very unusual behaviour was recently discovered in the theridiid genus Chikunia, where two distinct but related species occur in mixed-species colonies with potentially indiscriminate brood care. These mixed colonies consist of Chikunia nigra and a newly discovered species. Here, we describe the new species, Chikunia bilde sp. nov., and summarize the unique biology of this species pair. We also place the origin of mixed-species group living in a phylogenetic context, firmly confirming the placement of Chikunia within the clade (lost colulus clade) previously characterized as containing a concentration of independent origins of group living. The two Chikunia studied here are sister species, representing a rare case of close genetic and behavioural interspecific relationship. We conclude that the loss of aggression that accompanies group living and social behaviour in cobweb spiders might help to explain the origin of mixed-species colonies.

Virulence factors and phylogenetic group profile of uterine Escherichia coli in early postpartum of high-producing dairy cows

Escherichia coli is the most common contaminant of the bovine uterus in the first few weeks postpartum, and one of the most important pathogens involved in uterine infections. This bacterium is characterised by diverse virulence factors (VF); however, the profile of E. coli VF in physiologic postpartum uterine contamination is not well established. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of intrauterine bacteria, a set of virulence factors and phylogroups of E. coli isolates, leukogram and uterine cytology in 75 Holstein cows at 24 h (Sampling time 1) and 14 days (Sampling time 2) postpartum. Escherichia coli, α-haemolytic Streptococcus, Trueperella pyogenes, and Pasteurella multocida were the most common microorganisms isolated in pure culture, whereas E. coli and Clostridium perfringens Type A, E. coli and α-haemolytic Streptococcus, and E. coli and Proteus mirabilis were the most frequent microorganisms in mixed colonies at both studied sampling times. In the 59 E. coli isolates after 24 h (n = 35) and 14 days (n = 24) postpartum, the genes detected for VF were fimH, iucD/aer, kps, hlyA, usp, vt1 and vt2. Most E. coli strains detected in both moments of study belonged to Commensal phylogenetic groups A and B1, whereas Pathogenic groups D and B2 were identified at 24 h and 14 days postpartum respectively. All cows presented suitable immune response against the presence of bacteria in uterine lumen, observed by leukocytosis, neutrophilia, lymphocytosis and monocytosis at leukogram and a high number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in uterine cytology, in both studied moments. Thus, a complex diversity of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria is involved in uterine contamination in the early postpartum of cows, besides the predominance of E. coli. Moreover, the genes fimH, iucD/aer, hlyA, kps, usp, vt1 and vt2 play a key role in the virulence of E. coli in this period.

Great Crested Grebe (Podiceps cristatus) synchronies egg laying with protective species

Great crested grebes (Podiceps cristatus) are opportunistic breeders nesting in colonies or solitarily in different biotopes with varying nesting dates in different circumstances. On the northern coast of the Neva Bay in the eastern part of the Gulf of Finland, great crested grebes breed solitarily, in colonies situated in reed beds and in a colony on the open water in direct vicinity of a colony of black-headed gulls (Larus ridibundus) and black terns (Chlidonias niger). In the vicinity of the larid colony, grebes profit from the protecting behaviour of gulls and terns in a similar way as they do in their mixed colonies with larids. Despite the fact that small larids have a shorter incubation period than great crested grebes, the latter synchronize their beginning of incubation with the gulls and terns. The incubation of all three species in two adjoining open-water colonies started on the same dates. The incubation of grebes nesting in the reed beds began significantly later. The average clutch sizes did not differ significantly between the colonies situated on the open water near larids and those in the reeds. The average lowest distances between the nests of great crested grebes in the open water colony were larger than in the reed bed colonies. The ability to synchronize the beginning of incubation with a small protecting species helps great crested grebes to occupy otherwise unsafe habitats.

Sand Martin Riparia of the Kuznetsk-Salair Mountain Area (Kemerovo Area, Russia)

In view of the division of Sand Martin Riparia riparia sensu lato into two separate species: Sand Martin proper R. Riparia sensu strict and Pale Martin R. diluta, we conducted a series of studies aimed to clarify the species of the martins living in the Kuznetsk-Salair mountain region. Studies have shown that both species of martins are registered in the region; moreover, they can form mixed colonies and flocks together during feeding. After wintering, the proportion of returned individuals to last year’s nesting sites can reach 90%. The same colony can be inhabited by different species of martins in different years. Preliminary studies of martins’ infection with viruses of feral herd infections gave a negative result.

Conventional povidone-iodine paint only technique vs. spray technique in preoperative antisepsis of anterior abdominal wall: a comparison of effectiveness and cost

Objectives To assess the effectiveness of spray technique (aqueous based solution in a reusable sprayer) and conventional paint only technique in view of reducing abdominal wall bacteria and to assess the volume of povidone-iodine used in each technique and evaluate which technique is more cost-effective. Methodology The sample included 70 patients, who had elective Gynaecological surgeries at Teaching Hospital, Kandy (2014-2015). This was a non-randomized clinical trial. In all patients, half the abdomen was prepared using the conventional technique and the other half using the new spray technique. Prepreparation and post-preparation skin swabs were taken and cultured to assess the mixed bacterial colony counts. Two output variables were measured; percentage reduction of mixed bacterial colony counts between preoperative and postoperative cultures for the two methods separately and the volume of povidone-iodine used in each method. Results The mean percentage reductions in mixed bacterial colony count in spray method: 98.78% and in the conventional paint method: 98.74%. P value for the two sample t-test was 0.963. Thus there is no significant difference between the mean percentage reductions in the mixed bacterial colony count in the two methods. The mean volume of povidone-iodine used in the spray method was 33.514ml with a corresponding P value of 0.000. Therefore the volume of povidone-iodine used in the spray method is significantly less than 50 ml that is used in the conventional method. (corresponding 95% upper bound for the CI: 34.714). Conclusion Both the conventional paint only technique and the new spray technique are equally effective in reducing abdominal wall bacteria. The volume of povidoneiodine used in the spray method is significantly less than that of the conventional method.

Absence of genetic selection in a pathogenic Escherichia coli strain exposed to the manure-amended soil environment.

Escherichia coli that express curli are more common in subsurface soil drainage when manure is surface applied. However, it is unknown whether this arises from mutations in individual strains leading to curli expression or by selection for individuals already expressing higher levels of curli. To test this, we examined curli production in pathogenic E. coli O157:H7 EDL933 as a function of manure management. Five treatments were investigated: (1) soil only, (2) soil with surface-applied E. coli O157:H7 EDL933 Δstx1-2 (EcO157), (3) soil with incorporated EcO157, (4) soil with surface-applied EcO157-inoculated manure, and (5) soil with incorporated EcO157-inoculated manure. EcO157 was reisolated from soils immediately after application and weekly thereafter for 8 weeks. EcO157 in the surface-applied treatments died faster than their incorporated treatment counterparts. Phenotypic assays revealed differences between treatments as well. Half of surface-applied manure reisolates from week 6 developed a mixed red and white colony morphology on Congo Red plates, indicating changes in curli production that were not seen in other treatments or times. In 37°C growth tests, week 6 reisolates from all treatments except soil surface-applied EcO157 left the lag phase at a significantly greater rate than week 0 isolates. We applied whole genome sequencing technology to interrogate the genetic underpinnings of these phenotypes. Surprisingly, we only found single-nucleotide polymorphisms in two of the 94 resequenced isolates from the different treatments, neither of which correlated with curli phenotype. Likewise, we found no differences in other genomic characteristics that might account for phenotypic differences including the count of gaps and the origin of discarded reads that failed to map to the parental strain. These results suggest there were no systematic genomic differences (i.e. individual-level selection) that correlated with time or treatment. We recommend future research focus on population-level selection of E. coli strains in the manure-amended soil environment.

Ectoparasites of the bats from karst caves of the nature reserve «Ichalkovsky Bor» (Nizhny Novgorod Region)

The fauna of parasitic mites of bats from the karst caves in the region of the Volga Upland was studied in 20042005. Six species of bats such as Daubentons water bat, Brandts bat, whiskered bat, pond bat, northern bat and long-eared bat were examined. 18 species of arthropods were detected, among them there are gamasid mites (10 species) and harvest mites (2 species). Leptotrombidium russicum (Oud., 1902) and Myotrombicula sp. were found for the first time in Central Russia. Spinturnix acuminatus (Koch, 1836), Steatonyssus spinosus (Willmann, 1936), Steatonyssus periblepharus (Kolenati, 1858), Macronyssus flavus (Kolenati, 1856) turned out to be the main group of parasites in this study. As for the insects flies of the family Nycteribiidae and fleas of the family Ischnopsyllidae were found. The cluster analysis of ectoparasite fauna has showed that they are more or less evenly distributed among all members of mixed colonies of bats, while there is no violation of specificity in the choice of hosts. Low values of the Berger-Parker index marked a lack of competition between species, which indicates the stability of parasitic communities formed on bats in mixed colonies and in natural habitats. This fact indicates a complex relationship between the parasites in the community on the one hand, and long-term existence of the community on the other hand. This, in its turn, shows that in long-evolving communities competitive relationships between parasites are obliterated, which gives them stability. Herewith the bat colony is used as an integral whole, although some parasitic species prefer certain types of hosts.

Inter-species and inter-colony differences in elemental concentrations in eggshells of sympatrically nesting great cormorants Phalacrocorax carbo and grey herons Ardea cinerea

We compared the concentrations of 17 heavy metals and essential elements in post-hatching eggshells of two waterbirds, the obligate piscivorous great cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo (GCM) and the more omnivorous grey heron Ardea cinerea (GHR), breeding sympatrically in eight mixed colonies in Poland. We found significant inter-species and inter-colony differences in the levels of most of the elements. GHR had significantly higher concentrations of Al, which can be explained by its very low stomach pH: an acidic environment favours the release of Al compounds. Differences in Mn, Ni, Cu, Se and Hg concentrations can be attributed to the various contributions of fish and other aquatic organisms to the diet, and to the exploration of different habitats (GCM exclusively aquatic, GHR a wider range) and microhabitats (GCM, in contrast to wading GHR, dive for food, exploring the whole depth range of water bodies), differently exposed to contamination by those elements from sediments. Inter-colony differences were related to the level of industrialisation. We recorded higher levels of some elements in the eggshells (Fe, Mn in both species and Cr, Ni and Zn in GCM) collected in industrialised areas, which may be associated with the negative environmental impact of industrial areas.

Chemical profiles in Iberoformica subrufa and Formica frontalis, a new example of temporary host–parasite interaction

The aim of this paper is to describe the relationship between two ant species, Formica frontalis and Iberoformica subrufa, found together in shared nests. Therefore, we obtained data from dug nests and outdoor activity in two sympatric populations and investigated the cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) in both sympatric populations and in 10 I. subrufa allopatric populations to unravel whether the relationship becomes tuned between both species. We also determined the CHCs of two sympatric Serviformica species (F. cunicularia and F. lemani). Our results showed that the ant F. frontalis is a temporary parasite of I. subrufa which facultatively forms mixed colonies complying with a loose form of the Emery’s rule. Alkanes and methylalkanes are the most abundant compounds found in F. frontalis and I. subrufa CHCs, respectively, but esters were only abundant in I. subrufa. As far as the CHC similarity is concerned, the sympatric free-living hosts were chemically closer to the parasite, albeit not identical, whereas the allopatric I. subrufa populations always maintained a separate CHC composition. We provide different potential hypotheses to explain this similarity of cuticular profiles only in the two geographically distant sympatric populations.

BACTERIA PRESENT IN SCARLET IBIS (Eudocimus ruber) CHICKS, BABITONGA BAY, SANTA CATARINA STATE, BRAZIL

Abstract Wild birds are important for public health because of their potential to transmit pathogenic microorganisms to humans. The waterbird scarlet ibis (Eudocimus ruber) forages and breeds near urban areas and if they settle near polluted waters, the viability of adults and their young can be negatively affected. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate the cloacal aerobic bacteria profile of nestling scarlet ibis in a mixed colony in Jarivatuba Island, in Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Cloacal swab samples were collected from clinically normal scarlet ibis nestlings during the breeding season of 2015/2016 (n=16) and 2016/2017 (n=34), and plated onto blood, MacConkey, and Salmonella-Shigella agar plates. Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Proteus spp., Klebsiella sp., Enterococcus spp. and Staphylococcus spp. were isolated and may be representative of the normal microbiota of E. ruber, although the normal profile is unknown for the species. However, the location of this colony in an area without adequate sewage treatment, which receives domestic effluents, may indicate a modified bacterial profile. Further studies are needed, to better understand the host's natural microbiome, as well as on the bacterial isolates, in order to characterize any association with the contaminated water. These results lay the foundation for successful species conservation projects in the area by providing insights that will help improve the viability of nestlings in each reproductive season.

BACTÉRIAS PRESENTES EM FILHOTES DE GUARÁ (Eudocimus ruber), BAÍA BABITONGA, ESTADO DE SANTA CATARINA, BRASIL

Wild birds are important for public health because of their potential to transmit pathogenic microorganisms to humans. The waterbird scarlet ibis (Eudocimus ruber) forages and breeds near urban areas and if they settle near polluted waters, the viability of adults and their young can be negatively affected. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate the cloacal aerobic bacteria profile of nestling scarlet ibis in a mixed colony in Jarivatuba Island, in Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Cloacal swab samples were collected from clinically normal scarlet ibis nestlings during the breeding season of 2015/2016 (n=16) and 2016/2017 (n=34), and plated onto blood, MacConkey, and Salmonella-Shigella agar plates. Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Proteus spp., Klebsiella sp., Enterococcus spp. and Staphylococcus spp. were isolated and may be representative of the normal microbiota of E. ruber, although the normal profile is unknown for the species. However, the location of this colony in an area without adequate sewage treatment, which receives domestic effluents, may indicate a modified bacterial profile. Further studies are needed, to better understand the host's natural microbiome, as well as on the bacterial isolates, in order to characterize any association with the contaminated water. These results lay the foundation for successful species conservation projects in the area by providing insights that will help improve the viability of nestlings in each reproductive season. Keywords: Pelecaniformes, scarlet ibis, nestlings, bacteria.