Abstract
The fauna of parasitic mites of bats from the karst caves in the region of the Volga Upland was studied in 20042005. Six species of bats such as Daubentons water bat, Brandts bat, whiskered bat, pond bat, northern bat and long-eared bat were examined. 18 species of arthropods were detected, among them there are gamasid mites (10 species) and harvest mites (2 species). Leptotrombidium russicum (Oud., 1902) and Myotrombicula sp. were found for the first time in Central Russia. Spinturnix acuminatus (Koch, 1836), Steatonyssus spinosus (Willmann, 1936), Steatonyssus periblepharus (Kolenati, 1858), Macronyssus flavus (Kolenati, 1856) turned out to be the main group of parasites in this study. As for the insects flies of the family Nycteribiidae and fleas of the family Ischnopsyllidae were found. The cluster analysis of ectoparasite fauna has showed that they are more or less evenly distributed among all members of mixed colonies of bats, while there is no violation of specificity in the choice of hosts. Low values of the Berger-Parker index marked a lack of competition between species, which indicates the stability of parasitic communities formed on bats in mixed colonies and in natural habitats. This fact indicates a complex relationship between the parasites in the community on the one hand, and long-term existence of the community on the other hand. This, in its turn, shows that in long-evolving communities competitive relationships between parasites are obliterated, which gives them stability. Herewith the bat colony is used as an integral whole, although some parasitic species prefer certain types of hosts.
Highlights
while there is no violation of specificity in the choice
Low values of the Berger-Parker index marked a lack of competition between species
which indicates the stability of parasitic communities formed on bats in mixed colonies
Summary
В двух пещерах Ичалковского бора (Студенческая и Теплая) обитают 6 видов рукокрылых. Также в сборах широко представлены макрониссиды, чаще всего на рукокрылых встречаются Steatonyssus periblepharus, Macronyssus flavus. Обычный для рукокрылых M. corethroproctus [5; 9] нами не обнаружен, но встречен в небольшом количестве M heteromorphus на прудовой ночнице (ИИ = 0,40) и ночнице Брандта (ИИ = 0,13). L. russicum является явным доминантом и чаще всего встречается на буром ушане (ИИ = 9,14) и северном кожанке (ИИ = 8,37), хотя в меньших количествах встречена на всех видах рукокрылых Обращает внимание на себя тот факт, что рукокрылые в смешанных колониях демонстрируют сходную фауну эктопаразитов, хотя ряд видов характеризуется определенной приуроченностью к своим хозяевам (S. plecotinus, S. kolenatii, Leptotrombidium russicum). Из всех собранных эктопаразитов на долю ночницы Брандта приходится – 655 экз., а на долю северного кожанка. Таблица 1 – Интенсивность заражения и распределение эктопаразитов по хозяевам в карстовых пещерах Ичалковского бора (Нижегородская область, 2004–2005 гг.)
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