Mixed Class Research Articles

중학교 혼성학급 체육수업 실천에 관한 교사 경험에 대한 셀프 내러티브 탐구

Objectives The purpose of this study was to explore teachers’ experiences on coeducational physical education class practice in middle school.
 Methods Focusing on the researcher's own story as a research participant was conducted for 10 months from March 2021 to December 2021 using the self-narrative inquiry.
 Results The researcher talked about the experiences of classes from the first experience of physical education class in a mixed gender class to volleyball and cheerleading as a method of learning by each other, for each other, and together. Through this, three educational meanings were derived. First, the mixed-gender class physical education class served as an opportunity to cultivate the values of respect and consideration for students. Second, through the mixed-gender class physical education class, it was found that the teacher's change in perception for the mixed-gender class physical education class was an important factor. Third, through the mixed-gender class physical education class, it became an experience to reexamine the value of the mixed-gender class physical education class.
 Conclusions It is hoped that the results of this study will help improve practical knowledge and class expertise for physical education teachers who are thinking about and practicing efficient coeducational physical education classes.

Biomarkers of fibrosis, kidney tissue injury and inflammation may predict severity and outcome of renal ANCA - associated vasculitis.

Activity and chronicity of kidney involvement in ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) can be currently reliably evaluated only by kidney biopsy. In this study, we measured a panel of serum and urinary biomarkers collected at the time of kidney biopsy and hypothesized that they could reflect specific histopathological parameters in the biopsy and help to predict prognosis. We examined a cohort of 45 patients with AAV and 10 healthy controls. Biomarker levels (DKK-3, CD163, EGF, PRO-C6 and C3M) were measured in this study by ELISA. Biopsies were scored with a scoring system for AAV (focal x crescentic x sclerotic x mixed class) and interstitial fibrosis was quantified. Levels of urinary DKK-3, CD163, EGF, PRO-C6 and C3M significantly differed among biopsy classes in AAV, with urinary DKK-3 and PRO-C6 levels being highest in the sclerotic class and lowest in the focal class, urinary CD163 levels highest in the crescentic class and urinary C3M levels highest in the focal class. Moreover, the urinary biomarkers were able to discriminate focal biopsy class from the other classes. Urinary DKK-3, EGF, PRO-C6 and C3M levels measured at the time of biopsy were also significantly related to the extent of fibrosis and to the final kidney function at the end of follow-up. This small pilot study suggests that selected urinary biomarkers of fibrosis and inflammation may reflect changes in the kidney biopsy and be prognostic of kidney outcome in patients with AAV.

Daily meals in context: A quantitative analysis of elementary school students' drawings

To investigate school-age children's perspectives on food and nutrition, we pilot tested a method to quantify and analyze crayon drawings collected from students in health education classes at two elementary schools in Fukushima, Japan. Included were 28 students in a mixed class of first and second graders and 26 students in a fourth-grade class. Specific foods, general shapes, and color choices in children's drawings were entered into a spreadsheet and analyzed quantitatively. From first- and second-graders' data, co-occurrence network analysis put meals into three groups: at home, eating out, and lunch boxes. Among fourth graders, co-occurrence network analysis called attention to the cucumber, noteworthy for being a local agricultural product. In addition, students who drew more side dishes also drew more staple foods and main dishes (p = 0.04), used more colors (p = 0.006), and showed satisfaction with their community (p = 0.04). These results suggest that students' understanding of eating was centered on the places where they eat and that they valued regional specialty products. Furthermore, the drawing of side dishes was indicative of a balanced diet, which in turn was associated with higher satisfaction with their community. Our trial indicates that children's drawings can be a useful tool for adults to grasp children's understanding of health-related information in daily living.

A Latent Transition Model of the Effects of a Youth-Led Sexual Violence Prevention Initiative on Victimization and Perpetration Trajectories Over Time

PurposeLatent transition analysis was used to characterize transitions over time in profiles of victimization and perpetration of sexual and related forms of violence (i.e., bullying, dating violence, sexual harassment) over a 2.5-year period among middle and high school students. We also examined how profiles of violence varied as a function of participation in a youth-led sexual violence prevention initiative (Youth Voices in Prevention [Youth VIP]). MethodsParticipants were 2,528 youth (53.3% female, average age = 13.73 years) who completed a survey at five points (every six months) over three academic years (fall 2017–fall 2019). Participation in Youth VIP was tracked by researchers and took place from summer 2018 to fall 2019. ResultsFour classes (i.e., low violence class, victimization only class, sexual harassment class, mixed violence class) best captured patterns of victimization and perpetration experiences. The latent transition analysis showed that the least severe class had the highest stability, with the fewest students transitioning out of this class over time. Results also demonstrated that, overall, participation in at least one Youth VIP event, compared to not participating in any Youth VIP events, related to positive transitions over time to less severe classes. DiscussionViolence experienced by youth is not homogenous, although classes of violence among youth are generally stable over a 2.5 period. Results also provide further evidence that Youth VIP is a promising approach to prevent sexual and related forms of violence and appears to promote transition into less severe classes of violence over time.

Relationship between the sub-micron fraction (SMF) and fine-mode fraction (FMF) in the context of AERONET retrievals

Abstract. The sub-micron (SM) aerosol optical depth (AOD) is an optical separation based on the fraction of particles below a specified cutoff radius of the particle size distribution (PSD) at a given particle radius. It is fundamentally different from spectrally separated FM (fine-mode) AOD. We present a simple (AOD-normalized) SM fraction versus FM fraction (SMF vs. FMF) linear equation that explains the well-recognized empirical result of SMF generally being greater than the FMF. The AERONET inversion (AERinv) products (combined inputs of spectral AOD and sky radiance) and the spectral deconvolution algorithm (SDA) products (input of AOD spectra) enable, respectively, an empirical SMF vs. FMF comparison at similar (columnar) remote sensing scales across a variety of aerosol types. SMF (AERinv-derived) vs. FMF (SDA-derived) behavior is primarily dependent on the relative truncated portion (εc) of the coarse-mode (CM) AOD associated with the cutoff portion of the CM PSD and, to a second order, the cutoff FM PSD and FM AOD (εf). The SMF vs. FMF equation largely explains the SMF vs. FMF behavior of the AERinv vs. SDA products as a function of PSD cutoff radius (“inflection point”) across an ensemble of AERONET sites and aerosol types (urban-industrial, biomass burning, dust, maritime and a mixed class of Arctic aerosols). The overarching dynamic was that the linear SMF vs. FMF relation pivots clockwise about the approximate (SMF, FMF) singularity of (1, 1) in a “linearly inverse” fashion (slope and intercept of approximately 1−εc and εc) with increasing cutoff radius. SMF vs. FMF slopes and intercepts derived from AERinv and SDA retrievals confirmed the general domination of εc over εf in controlling that dynamic. A more general conclusion is the apparent confirmation that the optical impact of truncating modal (whole) PSD features can be detected by an SMF vs. FMF analysis.

Planetary population synthesis and the emergence of four classes of planetary system architectures

Planetary population synthesis is a helpful tool to understand the physics of planetary system formation. It builds on a global model, meaning that the model has to include a multitude of physical processes. The outcome can be statistically compared with exoplanet observations. Here, we review the population synthesis method and then use one population computed using the Generation III Bern model to explore how different planetary system architectures emerge and which conditions lead to their formation. The emerging systems can be classified into four main architectures: Class I of near in situ compositionally ordered terrestrial and ice planets, Class II of migrated sub-Neptunes, Class III of mixed low-mass and giant planets, broadly similar to the Solar System, and Class IV of dynamically active giants without inner low-mass planets. These four classes exhibit distinct typical formation pathways and are characterised by certain mass scales. We find that Class I forms from the local accretion of planetesimals followed by a giant impact phase, and the final planet masses correspond to what is expected from such a scenario, the ‘Goldreich mass’. Class II, the migrated sub-Neptune systems form when planets reach the ‘equality mass’ where accretion and migration timescales are comparable before the dispersal of the gas disc, but not large enough to allow for rapid gas accretion. Giant planets form when the ‘equality mass’ allows for gas accretion to proceed while the planet is migrating, i.e. when the critical core mass is reached. The main discriminant of the four classes is the initial mass of solids in the disc, with contributions from the lifetime and mass of the gas disc. The distinction between mixed Class III systems and Class IV dynamically active giants is in part due to the stochastic nature of dynamical interactions, such as scatterings between giant planets, rather than the initial conditions only. The breakdown of system into classes allows to better interpret the outcome of a complex model and understand which physical processes are dominant. Comparison with observations reveals differences to the actual population, pointing at limitation of theoretical understanding. For example, the overrepresentation of synthetic super-Earths and sub-Neptunes in Class I systems causes these planets to be found at lower metallicities than in observations.

Stratification of spine patients based on self-reported clinical symptom classes: Evaluation of long-term outcomes and subsequent interventions

BackgroundPrior work by our group developed a stratification tool based on four PROMIS domains for patients with low back pain (LBP). Our study aimed to evaluate the ability of our previously developed symptom classes to predict long-term outcomes, and determine whether there were differential treatment effects by intervention. MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of adult patients with LBP seen in spine clinics in a large health system between November 14, 2018 and May 14, 2019 who completed patient-reported outcomes as part of routine care at baseline and again at 12-months follow-up. Latent class analysis identified symptom classes based on PROMIS domain scores (physical function, pain interference, social role satisfaction, and fatigue) that were ≥1 standard deviation worse (meaningfully worse) than the general population. The ability of the profiles to predict long-term outcomes at 12-months was evaluated through multivariable models. Differences in outcomes by subsequent treatments (physical therapy, specialist visits, injections, and surgery) were investigated. ResultsThere were 3,236 adult patients (average age 61.1 ± 14.2, 55.4% female) included in the study with three distinct classes identified: mild symptoms (n = 986, 30.5%), mixed (n = 798, 24.7%) with poor scores on physical function and pain interference but better scores on other domains, and significant symptoms (n = 1,452, 44.9%). The classes were significantly associated with long-term outcomes, with patients with significant symptoms improving the most across all domains. Utilization differed across classes, with the mixed symptom class receiving more PT and injections and significant symptom class receiving more surgeries and specialist visits. ConclusionsPatients with LBP have distinct clinical symptom classes which could be utilized to stratify patients into groups based on risk of future disability. These symptom classes can also be used to provide estimates of the effectiveness of different interventions, further increasing the clinical utility of these classes in standard care.

Investigating the vertical and spatial extent of radon-based classification of the atmospheric mixing state and impacts on seasonal urban air quality

A recently-developed radon-based method for combined classification of both diurnal and synoptic timescale changes in the atmospheric mixing state is applied to 1-year of observations in Ljubljana (capital of Slovenia). Five diurnal-timescale mixing classes (#1 to #5) were defined for each season along with an additional mixing class (#6) in non-summer months, representative of synoptic-timescale changes of the atmospheric mixing state associated with “persistent temperature inversion” (PTI) events. Seasonal composite radiosonde profiles and mean sea level pressure charts within each mixing class are used to demonstrate the link between prevailing synoptic conditions and the local mixing state, which drives changes in urban air quality. Diurnal cycles of selected pollutants (BC, NO2, CO, PM10, SO2 and O3) exhibited substantial seasonality as a result of changing mixing conditions, source types and strengths. For the more well-mixed conditions (classes #2 to #3), surface wind speeds were 3 times higher than during class #6 (PTI) conditions, resulting in a 3-fold reduction of primary pollutant accumulation. Daily-mean PM10 concentrations only exceeded EU and WHO guideline values in winter and autumn for two of the radon-defined mixing classes: (i) class #5 (strongly stable near-surface conditions associated with passing synoptic anti-cyclone systems), and (ii) class #6 (PTI conditions driven by regional subsidence in the presence of the “Siberian High”). Both mixing states were associated with low mean wind speeds (∼0–0.7 m s−1) and strong thermal stratification, as indicated both by pseudo-vertical temperature gradients (∆T/∆z) and radiosonde profiles. Diurnal ∆T/∆z values indicated limited opportunity for convective mixing of pollutants from the basin atmosphere under these conditions. The demonstrated consistency in atmospheric mixing conditions (vertically and spatially) across the diurnal cycle within each of the defined mixing classes suggests the radon-based classification scheme used in conjunction with 3-D urban sensor networks could be well suited to evaluate mitigation schemes for urban pollution and urban climate.

New Psychoactive Substances Intoxications and Fatalities during the COVID-19 Epidemic.

In January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) issued a Public Health Emergency of International Concern, declaring the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic in March 2020. Stringent measures decreased consumption of some drugs, moving the illicit market to alternative substances, such as New Psychoactive Substances (NPS). A systematic literature search was performed, using scientific databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and institutional and government websites, to identify reported intoxications and fatalities from NPS during the COVID-19 pandemic. The search terms were: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, coronavirus disease 2019, intox*, fatal*, new psychoactive substance, novel psychoactive substance, smart drugs, new psychoactive substance, novel synthetic opioid, synthetic opioid, synthetic cathinone, bath salts, legal highs, nitazene, bath salt, legal high, synthetic cannabinoid, phenethylamine, phencyclidine, piperazine, novel benzodiazepine, benzodiazepine analogue, designer benzodiazepines, tryptamine and psychostimulant. From January 2020 to March 2022, 215 NPS exposures were reported in Europe, UK, Japan and USA. Single NPS class intoxications accounted for 25, while mixed NPS class intoxications represented only 3 cases. A total of 130 NPS single class fatalities and 56 fatalities involving mixed NPS classes were published during the pandemic. Synthetic opioids were the NPS class most abused, followed by synthetic cathinones and synthetic cannabinoids. Notably, designer benzodiazepines were frequently found in combination with fentalogues. Considering the stress to communities and healthcare systems generated by the pandemic, NPS-related information may be underestimated. However, we could not define the exact impacts of COVID-19 on processing of toxicological data, autopsy and death investigations.

A consensual group ELECTRE-SORT approach considering the incomparable classes with the application of machine maintenance strategy assignment

Group sorting problems have attracted extensive attention, which have been successfully applied to support management decisions. However, these existing studies rarely involve the incomparable classes and the group participant may lead to the sorting conflict. Thus, in face of the group sorting problem based on the incomparable classes, by learning ELECTRE-SORT and experts’ evaluations, this paper proposes a consensual group ELECTRE-SORT approach to obtain a hierarchical structure of the incomparable classes and further determine the consensual sorting result. Specifically, for describing the consensus of the hierarchical structure, we transform the credibility matrix of central profile into 0–1 matrix to establish the consensus index of the hierarchical structure of the incomparable classes. Based on the consensual hierarchical structure, we design the consensus index of mixed classes in incomparable situation. Considering the different adjustment motivations of experts on each criterion, we introduce cost sensitivity and adjustment tolerance. In this case, we further develop a minimum cost sensitivity adjustment model in view of the credibility matrix of central profile and sorting results. Finally, we use an example of assigning machines to incomparable maintenance strategies to explain our proposed consensual GELECTRE-SORT in detail. We also perform a comparative analysis to verify the effectiveness of our proposed method.

Resilience in the face of adversity: classes of positive adaptation in trauma-exposed children and adolescents in residential care

Children and adolescents in residential care often face multiple traumatic experiences. However, some individuals show resilient adaptation. To depict this heterogeneity, the person-centered examination of different classes of adaptation is a powerful tool. Up to date, resilience was insufficiently addressed in this population. Data from 141 children and adolescents in residential care institutions in Austria regarding trauma history, psychopathology, behavioral adjustment, and protective factors were assessed with standardized self-report questionnaires. Distinct classes of adaptation after traumatic experiences were examined with Latent Class Analysis. Class differences regarding traumatic experiences and protective factors were analyzed with χ2 testing. Three classes were identified [resilience (66.18%), mixed psychopathology (13.97%, mixed), high psychopathology (19.85%, high)]. Only males were classified into the resilient class and only females into the high class. The high class differed significantly from the resilient class regarding cumulative trauma history and protective factors. The mixed class did not differ from the resilient class regarding trauma history, however, they differed significantly regarding protective factors. The resilient class was associated with protective factors. Strong gender differences show the relevance of a differentiated evaluation of gender-specific protective factors and resilience indicators. Fostering protective factors may be a suitable approach for tailored intervention measures.

Structural and dynamical modeling of WINGS clusters

Numerical simulations indicate that cosmological halos display power-law radial profiles of pseudo phase-space density (PPSD), Q ≡ ρ/σ3, where ρ is the mass density and σ is the velocity dispersion. We tested these predictions for Q(r) using the parameters derived from the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) analysis performed with the MAMPOSSt mass-orbit modeling code on the observed kinematics of a velocity dispersion based stack (σv) of 54 nearby regular clusters of galaxies from the WINGS data set. In the definition of PPSD, the density is either in total mass ρ (Qρ) or in galaxy number density ν (Qν) of three morphological classes of galaxies (ellipticals, lenticulars, and spirals), while the velocity dispersion (obtained by inversion of the Jeans equation using the MCMC parameters) is either the total (Qρ and Qν) or its radial component (Qr, ρ and Qr, ν). We find that the PPSD profiles are indeed power-law relations for nearly all MCMC parameters. The logarithmic slopes of our observed Qρ(r) and Qr, ρ(r) for ellipticals and spirals are in excellent agreement with the predictions for particles in simulations, but slightly shallower for S0s. For Qν(r) and Qr, ν(r), only the ellipticals have a PPSD slope matching that of particles in simulations, while the slope for spirals is much shallower, similar to that of subhalos. However, for cluster stacks based on the richness or gas temperature, the fraction of power-law PPSDs is lower (esp. Qν) and the Qρ slopes are shallower, except for S0s. The observed PPSD profiles, defined using ρ rather than ν, appear to be a fundamental property of galaxy clusters. They would be imprinted during an early phase of violent relaxation for dark matter and ellipticals, and later for spirals as they move toward dynamical equilibrium in the cluster gravitational potential, while S0s are either intermediate (richness and temperature-based stacks) or a mixed class (σv stack).

Dance on: a mixed-method study into the feasibility and effectiveness of a dance programme to increase physical activity levels and wellbeing in adults and older adults

BackgroundPhysical activity (PA) has beneficial effects on physical and mental health outcomes in older adults. However, a consistent decline in PA participation has been noted with increasing age, with older adults consistently being reported as the least physically active population. Previous evidence showed that dance is an appropriate form of PA in older adults as it integrates the body’s movement with physical, cognitive, and social elements. This study investigated the feasibility and efficacy of a weekly dance programme over a 12-month period on PA levels and wellbeing.MethodsA mixed-method intervention design was used. Community-dwelling older adults aged 55 + years were recruited from local community groups in Yorkshire (UK). The programme comprised of a 60-min mixed genre dance class per week. Changes with carried forward data in self-reported measures of PA (min/week) and wellbeing with EuroQol visual analogue scale (EQ VAS) across four different time points (baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months) were assessed using the Friedman test. Feasibility was also assessed through class attendance and focus groups (N = 6–9) with participants. A thematic analysis of qualitative data was conducted.ResultsA total of 685 participants (589–89.1% females and 72–10.9% males) took part in the study. The mean age was 75 ± 10 years, and 38% of the participants were classed as highly deprived as per the index of multiple deprivation. There was a statistically significant increase in both PA (X2(3) = 192.42, P < 0.001) and EQ VAS scores across the four time points (X2(3) = 19.66, P < 0.001). The mean adherence rate was consistent across the 12-month period of intervention (70%). Themes from the focus groups included reasons for participating in the programme, perceptions of how the dance programme affected the participants, and facilitators to participation in the programme.ConclusionsThe good adherence and favourability indicate that the dance programme is feasible as an intervention in community-dwelling participants from socially economically diverse communities. The dance intervention showed a positive effect on PA levels and wellbeing. A randomised-controlled trial with a control group is required to test this intervention further.

Developing speaking in mixed-ability classes

The research paper will discuss how speaking skills in differentiation classrooms or mixed-ability classes should be simultaneously improved. What comes to our mind when we hear “mixed ability classes”? How can we develop pupils’ speaking skills in such classes? All teachers want to find out appropriate solution to this problem. Teachers have to conduct their speaking lessons according to their learners’ needs and lack. What should they do if the lacks and needs differ from each other and the pupils have differentiated abilities? So, in such classes, pupils have different grammar knowledge, different receptive skills, and productive skills like speaking, and these kinds of classes are called mixed ability classes or multi-leveled classes. Teachers may have useful information from this piece about enhancing all pupils’ attendance in the teaching process, developing pupils’ speaking skills with the help of some useful methods, and how to motivate pupils for showing their existing speaking level.

The classroom social environment in mixed secondary school classes: The role of ethnic classroom composition and classmates’ explicitly and implicitly measured ethnic attitudes

The ethnic classroom composition and classmates’ ethnic attitudes can affect how students experience their classroom social environment (CSE). Following the imbalance of power thesis and prior research on ethnic attitudes, this cross-sectional study examined if ethnic classroom composition (i.e., proportion of in-group and Herfindahl Index) and classmates’ explicitly and implicitly measured ethnic attitudes predicted secondary school students’ (Mage = 13.31 years; 58.1% female) classroom belonging, popularity and likability, classroom cohesion and conflict in mixed classes in the Netherlands. Differences between non-ethnic Dutch (n = 248) versus ethnic Dutch students (n = 141) were examined as well. Ethnic Dutch students report an overall more negative CSE than their non-ethnic Dutch classmates. Multilevel analyses indicated that a higher proportion of in-group peers affected non-ethnic Dutch students’ popularity and likability negatively. Moreover, classmates’ explicitly measured ethnic attitudes were predictive of student popularity while classmates’ implicitly measured ethnic attitudes were predictive of student likability. Finally, classmates implicitly measured ethnic attitudes moderated the effect of proportion in-group peers on students’ shared experience of classroom belonging. These results show that promoting classroom diversity is not enough to create a positive CSE for all students. Classmates’ ethnic attitudes are also important to consider.

Development of an Adaptive Linear Mixture Model for Decomposition of Mixed Pixels to Improve Crop Area Estimation Using Artificial Neural Network

Precise spatial information of crop distribution is vital for government and research organizations to monitor agriculture activities like crop health monitoring, crop yield prediction, and food security. Mapping of crop area is challenging in smallholder farming like India, where crop parcels are smaller than two hectares. With an extension of artificial intelligence, an artificial neural network has ability to learn the spectral feature of multispectral satellite images and map them to a land cover class. However, mixed pixel is a challenging problem in pixel wise classification of coarse resolution satellite images. The linear mixture model is successfully utilized to unmix the signals of a mixed classes. The success of linear mixture model is depending on the selection of endmembers of a mixed class. Therefore, this paper presents an adaptive approach for automatic selection of endmembers of a mixed pixel in linear mixture model using spectral and spatial information. The proposed approach is capable of extracting the fraction area cover of each class by using a constrained least-squares error solution. The GPS field surveys, and drone images are employed to create reference data for the accuracy assessment of proposed algorithm. The experimentation results indicate that the solution of the proposed approach outperformed recent baseline methods in terms of efficiency and accuracy of pixelwise estimated area and overall estimated area of various land cover classes.

‘현장연구 기반 마케팅 전략 수립’ 실습프로그램 개발 실행연구

Objectives The purpose of this study is to develop the practice program of ‘Establishment of marketing strategy based on field research’ for the face-to-face and non-face-to-face ｢Principles of Marketing｣ PBL classes, respectively.&#x0D; Methods After developing a practice program according to the meaningful learning experience-oriented course design method, it was operated for 4 years (2 years of face-to-face class, 2 years of non-face-to-face class), and has been improved through action research. The researcher's participant observation log (reflection diary), student's learning log and interview data were analyzed using content analysis methods. Causal chains analysis and class structure analysis were also applied.&#x0D; Results The practice program used two linked PBL modules: From the perspective of a company, each team 1) finds consumer pain points based on field research results and 2) establishes marketing strategies that can resolve/improve them. The face-to-face class program focused on problem-solving practice based on field research data. The non-face-to-face class program was structured around the use of CIT (critical Incident Technique) and mini-survey in connection with ZOOM-based interviews instead of participant observation. In the final non- face-to-face ｢Principles of Marketing｣ class to which this method was applied, the result of the lecture evaluation portrayed a high satisfaction level (98.8/100 points).&#x0D; Conclusions The final completed non-face-to-face class and face-to-face class practice program was presented using the ‘course structure diagram’ to make it easier to understand the overall structure. Methods of application in mixed classes (classes using both face-to-face and non-face-to-face instruction), which are expected to increase in the future, are also presented.

코로나 19 신종감염병 위기 상황에서 간호대학생의 수업 경험에 대한 탐색

Purpose: This study was conducted to analyze the class experiences of nursing students in the COVID-19 new infectious disease crisis situation to increase understanding of non-face-to-face(NFTF) classes. Methods: This study was conducted on 108 nursing students who participated in NFTF classes and submitted reflection journals at the department of nursing located in Busan from July 1 to July 15, 2022. As for the data analysis method, qualitative content analysis was conducted. Result: The three categories were positive aspects of NFTF classes, negative aspects of NFTF classes, and experiences of mixed classes. The 10 subcategories are the comfort of NFTF classes, repetitive viewing of lectures, flexible use of time, no inconvenience in commuting, difficulty in concentrating, stuffy and uncomfortable, communication problems, deterioration in class quality, confusion and discomfort during mixed classes. Conclusion: In the future, it seems necessary to develop a teaching method that can be approached from a holistic point of view without distinguishing between face-to-face(FTF) and NFTF classes.

Characteristics of the Motivation of Educational Activities in Middle School Students Institutions with Different Educational Systems

Problem definition. The constant transformation of external motives, which is caused by frequent changes in society and changes in the education system, requires a corresponding modification of the internal regulation of the students' personality. The existence of institutions with mixed education systems requires a study of the peculiarities of the motivation of the educational activities of the students in them, which is especially important in adolescence. Problem analysis. In the scientific literature, two main groups of types of motives are distinguished in the structure of educational motivation: external and internal. External motives include: social approval, study prestige, communication, fear of punishment, extracurricular educational motivation; to internal ones: achievement motivation, cognitive interest, self-realization, awareness of social necessity. The purpose of the study. To reveal the peculiarities of the motivation of educational activity in middle school students of institutions with different education systems. The research methods. Methodology for diagnosing the type of school motivation in schoolchildren" (E. Lepeshva). For mathematical and statistical processing, we used: factor analysis by the Varimax principal components method and φ - Fisher's angular transformation. Description of the sample. The sample consisted of 84 respondents. These are students of the 6th grade (12 years old) of secondary schools of the Donetsk region. They were divided into three groups. The first two groups consisted, respectively, of girls (30) and boys (24), who studied in classes exclusively with peers of the same sex. The third group is mixed, which included 15 girls and boys each. Conclusions No significant differences were found in the educational motivation of middle school students studying in institutions with different education systems for all motives, except for "extracurricular educational motivation" and "self-realization". The group of internal motives is the most pronounced among representatives of all three groups. The factor structure of the motivation of educational activity was created for each of the groups of motives. In girls who study in mixed classes, the phenomenon of "transformation" of the structure of the motivation of educational activities according to the male type was revealed.

Classification of proteins inducing liquid-liquid phase separation: sequential, structural and functional characterization.

Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) within the cell can form biological condensates, which are increasingly recognized to play important roles in various biological processes. Most proteins involved in LLPS are known to be intrinsically disordered proteins containing intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) with low complexity regions (LCRs). The proteins driving LLPS were selected from databases of LLPS-related proteins and then classified into three classes according to the components in the condensates. Through in silico analyses, we found that proteins in the homo class, those that induce LLPS without partner molecules, have different IDRs and LCRs compared with the reference proteome. In contrast, proteins in the other classes, those that induce LLPS with partner proteins (the hetero class) or nucleic acids (the mixed class), did not show a clear difference to the reference proteome in IDRs and LCRs. The hetero-class proteins contained structural domains to serve protein-protein interactions, and the mixed-class ones had the structural domains associated with nucleic acids. These results suggest that IDRs in the homo-class proteins have unique IDRs, which provide multivalent interaction sites required for LLPS, whereas the hetero- and mixed-class proteins can induce LLPS through the combination of the interaction among LCRs, structural domains and nucleic acids.