In 1978, the idea of making a baby on a petri dish generated worldwide media attention as scientific and social controversy. On July 25th of that year, the world’s first human in vitro fertilization (IVF) was accomplished in England, and Louise Brown was the first ‘test-tube’ baby. Once Louise was shown to be a healthy infant the protests subsided, and since then the IVF technique has gradually become accepted as an alternative to the ‘natural’ way for infertile couples to have a child. However, IVF is not without risks and possible disappointment, and for 37 years there has been no significant change in technique. However, in 2006 two colleagues in England developed a novel method for IVF that will eliminate inherited disease by using a woman’s donated, healthy mitochondrial (mt) organelles (oxygen-energy cells), euginizing the mother’s unhealthy mt cells that carry inherited chronic and/or serious disease. The transfer of these powerful, healthy cells into the mother’s egg cell represents a 3-person IVF process by which many chronic and serious diseases are eliminated that would otherwise have been passed on by the mother to her child. In cytoplasmic (mt) implantation, the mother’s cell nucleus is not affected and any characteristics of the child, for example hair and eye color, are from the mother and father. This technique has been successfully researched in mice, but to date not in humans. This year, the United Kingdom petitioned Parliament and was granted approval to research on humans. In the United States, the Food and Drug Association (FDA) has been reluctant to give human research approval to our own scientists, citing the factors of unknown physical risk, ethics and legalities. These issues will again be discussed in a 2016 symposium.