Mitigate Global Warming Research Articles

Application of Satellite Observation and GIS in Mapping Greenhouse Gases in Part Delta State, Nigeria

The present study aimed to apply satellite observation and Geographic Information System (GIS) to map GHGs in Delta State, Nigeria. Carbon monoxide (CO), nitrous oxide (N O), and sulfur dioxide (SO ) constituted the main GHGs studied. The2 2 datasets covering January 2019 to December 2022 were sourced from the archive of Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service Emissions of Atmospheric Compound and Compilation of Ancillary Data. The Google Earth Engine framework, the inverse distance weighting interpolation algorithm in ArcGIS 10.8 software, and Microsoft Excel were deployed in data analyses. In general, the results showed remarkable seasonal oscillation in the mean concentration of CO, with peak values in January and February, while the lowest mean concentration was observed in October. Higher values of NO were observed2 from November to February and the lowest values in July. July also recorded the highest SO values, with the lowest mean2 observable atmospheric concentrations in August, in addition to remarkable insignificant values in 2020–2022. Besides, the 12 geospatial models (maps) also depicted the spatio-temporal distribution of CO, NO , and SO concentrations from 2019 to2 2 2022 for easy visualization and facilitation of workable policies towards global warming mitigation. The paper recommended the establishment of well-equipped and functional ground-based GHG observatories with early warning systems across the state. This will facilitate real-time GHG monitoring, early warning forecasts, and stimulate scholarship on global warming and climate change.

The potential use of mass timber in mid-to high-rise construction and the associated carbon benefits in the United States.

Nonresidential and mid- to high-rise multifamily residential structures in the United States currently use little wood per unit floor area installed, because earlier building codes lacked provisions for structural wood use in those types of buildings. However, revisions to the International Building Code allow for increased wood use in the form of mass timber, as structural and fire safety concerns have been addressed through new science-based design standards and through newly specified construction materials and measures. This study used multiple models to describe alternative futures for new construction, mass timber adoption rates, and the associated carbon benefits in higher than three-story buildings in the United States. The use of mass timber, in place of traditional constructions (i.e., structures dominated by concrete and steel), in projected new higher than three-story buildings was shown to provide combined carbon benefits (i.e., global warming mitigation benefits), including avoided embodied carbon emissions due to the substitution of non-wood alternatives and additional biogenic carbon storage in mass timber materials, of between 9.9 and 16.5 million t CO2e/yr spanning 50 years, 2020 to 2070. These carbon benefits equate to 12% to 20% of the total U.S. harvested wood products carbon storage for 2020. Future research is needed to understand how greater mass timber adoption leads to changes in forest product markets, land use, and total forest sector carbon.

Identification of species composing the Bagik Batu mangrove ecosystem, Jerowaru, Indonesia

Preserving mangrove ecosystems is an important part of several global warming mitigation efforts. The latest information about the existence of mangrove ecosystems is important information for evaluating the current condition of mangrove forests. This research aims to examine the species that make up the Bagik Batu mangrove ecosystem in Jerowaru, Indonesia. Information related to the condition of the Bagik Batu mangrove ecosystem can be initial information for policy decisions by policymakers in formulating policies related to global warming mitigation. This research is descriptive (Survey). Area samples were taken using purposive sampling and the plot sampling method (random), and then many mangrove individuals were identified based on their morphological characteristics, starting from leaves, flowers, fruit, seeds, stems, and roots. In addition, the data used in this study are data on the number of individuals per species and environmental parameter data such as pH, temperature, salinity, and substrate type. The research results show that the Bagik Batu mangrove ecosystem consists of several types of mangrove species, namely Avicennia alba, Calotropis gigantea, Lumnitzera racemosa, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora stylosa, and Sonneratia alba.

Enhanced particulate filter with electrostatic charger: Insights for low-resistance and high-efficiency ship-based nanoscale black carbon capture

Black carbon emission from ships has attracted great concern due to its significant impact on the environment, climate, and human health. This study presents a comprehensive approach to address black carbon emissions from ships with simulated nanoparticles (SP-BC) by integrating a particulate filter with an electrostatic charger (EC-PF). Low filtration velocity (1.5 cm/s) is beneficial for the high-efficiency and low pressure drop collection of SP-BC by PF, while the optimum filtration temperature should be within 673 K to prevent decomposition and fragmentation of SP-BC. The electrostatic charger can significantly improve the PF collection efficiency by 10% while reducing the PF pressure drop variation by nearly 50%, based on the looser DPM layer formation and electrostatic attraction. Varying applied voltage in EC-PF systems have different effects on the efficiency and pressure drop, and 80% of the maximum applied voltage (i.e. 21 kV at 573 K)is considered the optimal operating mode of EC-PF, with a reduction in the median diameter of more than 20 nm compared to the PF. For long-term operation, the operating voltage should be reduced to mitigate the occurrence of breakdown and prevent a significant increase in pressure drop. At higher filtration velocities of up to 9 cm/s, the efficiency enhancement of the EC-PF becomes more apparent, with collection efficiencies exceeding 90%. In addition, pulse-jet cleaning is shown to be a feasible assisted regeneration method for EC-PF with a low pressure drop after regeneration. Consequently, this study has significant implications for low-resistance and high-efficiency ship-based black carbon capture, contributing to the mitigation of Arctic glacier melting and global warming.

The contribution of community-based libraries in climate action to strengthen the face of climate change supports the SDGs

Introduction: Climate change is one of the goals to be achieved in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) which requires various groups to participate in adaptation and mitigation of global warming. This is because climate change causes various problems that have a direct impact on human life. The objectives of this research are to find out the role of libraries as a medium for climate change literacy and the role of libraries in climate action addressing climate change. Data Collection Methods: The research method used is literature study which is concerned with methods of collecting library data, reading and taking notes, and managing research materials from literary sources in the form of textbooks, journals, scientific articles, conducting studies by studying material obtained from literary sources in the form of articles. Results and Disccusion: The research results show that libraries can act as media that teach climate change literacy to the public. Libraries act as providers of information, libraries play a role in teaching environmental health literacy by educating the public to learn information about climate change. The library becomes an example of reduce and reuse behaviour by showing examples of how to reduce waste disposal emissions through actions to reduce the use of paper materials and the role in implementing go green. Conclusion: Community-based libraries contribute to climate action by becoming information providers, educators, given an examples and become role models.

Sea surface temperature warming to inhibit mitigation of tropical cyclone destructiveness over East Asia in El Niño

Given their conditions to reside in and intensify longer over warm oceans, tropical cyclones (TCs) in the western North Pacific (WNP) present a stronger lifetime maximum intensity during El Niño than during La Niña. By using observational data, we found that the anomalously cool sea surface temperature (SST)s in the basin act as effective barriers against intense TCs approaching East Asia during El Niño, weakening their destructiveness at landfall. Based on our high-resolution pseudo-global-warming simulations, the basin-wide 2K SST warming within the WNP basin can, however, shatter this cool SST barrier, exposing East Asia to more destructive TCs during El Niño, compared to those during La Niña. Considering that the 2K warmer WNP will likely occur in the mid-21st century under a high emission scenario and in the late 21st century under a moderate emission scenario, our findings support that more aggressive efforts of global warming mitigation are needed.

Rural and Urban Transitions with Biogas and Biomethane in Brazil: a Water Energy-Food Nexus Analysis

Brazil has historical concerns about renewable sources of energy, mainly because it is the largest tropical country in the world, receiving intense solar radiation, which is the basis of biomass production. In addition, the country has exceptional soil and climate conditions and great biodiversity. Agriculture and livestock activities are very representative in the Brazilian economy and produce usable biomass, which entail renewable sources of energy and the need for residue management. In this context, biogas represents a basic energy source; it is generated via planned treatment of animal, human and industrial wastes. This has two main results: a) the generation of electric, thermal, and vehicular (biomethane) energy; and b) the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and resultant mitigation of global warming. This paper assesses agricultural biogas projects being developed by Itaipu Binational, the second largest hydroelectric power generation company in the world, which has diversified its energy production from hydropower into other renewable sources such as biogas. In addition to promoting environmental and economic benefits, it promotes local social development, since the process for biogas production constitutes and sustains a relatively complex supply chain, requiring local skilled labor, technical and scientific support, and environmental awareness in the population. We conclude with implications of the Itaipu biogas case example for a range of other contexts.

Multi-scale assessment of global warming mitigation potential of anaerobic digestion for food waste management in the United States: A comparison of Life Cycle Assessment approaches

This study provides a holistic Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) for evaluating the decarbonization potential of using Anaerobic Digestion (AD) in food waste treatment. The LCA is based on the development of a new flexible tool that allows the integration of the LCA at the process level with geospatial data and therefore includes a wide range of factors such as multiple feedstocks, technologies for end-use applications, and facility locations. This tool estimates a potential for reducing 21.8 MMtons CO2eq/y (345 gCO2eq/kgwaste) and generating 161 TBTU/y of renewable natural gas for the whole United States by managing food waste based on waste-hierarchy. This study also identifies those states with a more efficient AD implementation potential regarding CO2eq avoidance. It highlights the importance of including region-specific conditions since feedstock diversion depends on the state and is the main contributor to the decarbonization potential, up to 60 % of the avoided emissions.

Particulate Filters for Combustion Engines to Mitigate Global Warming. Estimating the Effects of a Highly Efficient but Underutilized Tool

AbstractParticulate filters are state-of-the-art and are used in internal combustion engines worldwide to eliminate carcinogenic nanoparticles. Health studies estimate that this prevents about one million premature deaths annually. What is less known and often neglected is their equally powerful effect on mitigating global warming. This is because these ultrafine particles form stable aerosols in the atmosphere, absorb sunlight, and heat the atmosphere due to their jet-black color. In addition, once deposited on the ground, they reduce albedo especially when deposited on ice or snow. They also thin clouds and reduce their reflectivity. In this paper, we estimate for the first time the cumulative effect of more than 300 million particulate filters currently installed globally on vehicles, showing that, while they reduce ~ 0.5 Mt of soot per year, their effect on slowing global warming is equivalent to reducing 1 Bt of CO2 per year or about one-third of the CO2 emissions of all European Union Member States combined. Despite its strong potential, this highly efficient, proven, and low-cost technology is not yet regarded as a priority in curbing global warming, even though it is possibly the easiest and quickest to implement. If used in retrofitting more diesel and petrol engines worldwide, it could triple the aforementioned effect. While modern internal combustion engines are on track to be replaced with zero-emission vehicles, it is also crucial, and we strongly suggest that, in the interim, all remaining internal fossil fuel combusting engines be fitted with particulate filters. Evidence is presented in this paper that the potential benefits of such retrofit on climate and human health will be impactful and lasting.

Role of n-DAMO in Mitigating Methane Emissions from Intertidal Wetlands Is Regulated by Saltmarsh Vegetations.

Coastal wetlands are hotspots for methane (CH4) production, reducing their potential for global warming mitigation. Nitrite/nitrate-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation (n-DAMO) plays a crucial role in bridging carbon and nitrogen cycles, contributing significantly to CH4 consumption. However, the role of n-DAMO in reducing CH4 emissions in coastal wetlands is poorly understood. Here, the ecological functions of the n-DAMO process in different saltmarsh vegetation habitats as well as bare mudflats were quantified, and the underlying microbial mechanisms were explored. Results showed that n-DAMO rates were significantly higher in vegetated habitats (Scirpus mariqueter and Spartina alterniflora) than those in bare mudflats (P < 0.05), leading to an enhanced contribution to CH4 consumption. Compared with other habitats, the contribution of n-DAMO to the total anaerobic CH4 oxidation was significantly lower in the Phragmites australis wetland (15.0%), where the anaerobic CH4 oxidation was primarily driven by ferric iron (Fe3+). Genetic and statistical analyses suggested that the different roles of n-DAMO in various saltmarsh wetlands may be related to divergent n-DAMO microbial communities as well as environmental parameters such as sediment pH and total organic carbon. This study provides an important scientific basis for a more accurate estimation of the role of coastal wetlands in mitigating climate change.

Carbon stock estimation in halophytic wooded savannas of Uruguay: An ecosystem approach

Savannas constitute a mixture of trees and shrub patches with a more continuous herbaceous understory. The contribution of this biome to the soil organic carbon (SOC) and above-ground biomass (AGB) carbon (C) stock globally is significant. However, they are frequently subjected to land use changes, promoting increases in CO2 emissions. In Uruguay, subtropical wooded savannas cover around 100,000 ​ha, of which approximately 28% is circumscribed to sodic soils (i.e., subtropical halophytic wooded savannas). Nevertheless, there is little background about the contribution of each ecosystem component to the C stock as well as site-specific allometric equations. The study was conducted in 5 ​ha of subtropical halophytic wooded savannas of the national protected area Esteros y Algarrobales del Río Uruguay. This work aimed to estimate the contribution of the main ecosystem components (e.g., soil, trees, shrubs, and herbaceous plants) to the C stock. Site-specific allometric equations for the most frequent tree species and shrub genus were fitted based on basal diameter (BD) and total height (H). The fitted equations accounted for between 77% and 98% of the aerial biomass variance of Neltuma affinis and Vachellia caven. For shrubs (Baccharis sp.), the adjusted equation accounted for 86% of total aerial biomass. C stock for the entire system was 116.71 ​± ​11.07 ​Mg⋅ha−1, of which 90.7% was allocated in the soil, 8.3% in the trees, 0.8% in the herbaceous plants, and 0.2% in the shrubs. These results highlight the importance of subtropical halophytic wooded savannas as C sinks and their relevance in the mitigation of global warming under a climate change scenario.

Response of Rice Cultivars to Elevated Air Temperature and Soil Amendments: Implications towards Climate Change Adaptations and Mitigating Global Warming Potentials

Response of Rice Cultivars to Elevated Air Temperature and Soil Amendments: Implications towards Climate Change Adaptations and Mitigating Global Warming Potentials

Bioenergy potential from agricultural by-product in 2030: An AI-based spatial analysis and climate change scenarios in a Chinese region

Addressing the pressing need for sustainable bioenergy sources amid the growing climate crisis, this study investigates potential crop bioenergy output in the Jianghan Plain, Hubei, China. The research leverages Backpropagation Artificial Neural Network models to predict the accumulated net primary productivity (NPP) of various crops, i.e., single rice, double rice, maize, and wheat, in Jianghan Plain. The models highlight a strong predictive performance, with the SE model achieving an R2 of 0.83 and wheat model an R2 of 0.90, implying these models can be utilized reliably for future NPP forecasting. Our evaluation of past and future NPP values reveals a negative correlation between the increase in NPP values and observed temperature trends. This emphasizes the significant impact of temperature on crop bioenergy potential. For future NPP predictions, scenario (S3a) under Temperature Control strategies at medium-effort mitigation yields a favourable outcome for all crops, particularly SE. Additionally, the results suggest that aggressive decarbonization and global warming mitigation strategies are vital for enhancing NPP values. However, the study also highlights potential trade-offs and stresses the necessity for region-specific climate reconciliation strategies; for instance, midland counties benefit from temperature control, whereas the sideline favours CO2 mitigation. The study further investigates the spatial distribution of potential bioenergy, with the southwestern part of the plain holding more bioenergy potential, providing an essential reference for future energy planning. By 2030, in Jianghan Plain, when fully integrated with reasonable climate responses, there could be substantial bioenergy potential from crop residues reaching (1.2–1.9) × 109 MJ, which is 11% less than the current.

The era of global warming mitigation: The role of financial inclusion, globalization and governance institutions

Several efforts have been undertaken by environmentalists, nations, and various international organizations towards the fight against carbon emissions. The continuity of the environment has been one of the main concerns of the international system and state and non-state actors and government institutions are encouraged to play their roles effectively. Therefore, the study assesses the effect of financial inclusion, globalization, and government institutions on carbon emissions. The study used data from 1996 to 2021 and employed FMOLS model for the analysis. The findings of the study confirm the pollution halo hypothesis implying globalization promotes environmental sustainability. However, financial inclusion and government institutions have no significant effect on global warming mitigation. Nevertheless, institutional governance encourages global warming while political stability promotes the fight against global warming, the effect of economic governance is not significant. Renewable energy and economic growth exhibit positive and negative effect, respectively, on environmental sustainability. The findings suggest the encouragement of the rule of law, political stability, and an effective low carbon trading system as part of the policy implications.

Application of environmental management accounting and strategy to company innovation with research and development effort and company size as control variables

The global industrial world is significantly impacted by technological advancements, necessitating the establishment of regulations to enhance organizational implementation inside companies and attain optimal objectives. The norms of management accounting provide the provision of precise information for strategic and tactical decision-making in management. The objective of this study is to analyze the direct and indirect impact of accounting, environmental management, and strategy on company innovation. The study will also consider research and development activities and company size as control factors. Primary data will be used for the analysis. The sample size for this study consisted of 155 employees. The investigation involved collecting 112 samples using the Slovin formula. The analysis approach employed was multiple linear regression analysis. The study findings indicate that all variables exert a favorable impact on firm innovation. Therefore, the utilization of environmental management accounting and the execution of strategies in a reputable company will result in multiple innovations and strategies, including the reduction of product waste pollution, mitigation of global warming impacts, heightened awareness of minimizing environmental costs that may harm the environment, and the creation of new prospects for producing impeccable quality products.

Hydrogen chloride treatment of rice straw for upcycling into nanofibrous products for sugar pool

The durability of the harvested wood products is currently contributing to the creation of a temporary carbon pool for the mitigation of global warming. To establish a new method to supply durable fabrication products from grass biomass, a hydrogen chloride treatment process was developed. Applying this treatment to rice straw particles reduced the xylan content and dramatically improved the disintegration efficiency to fibers. The treated and disintegrated particles exhibited a 6.3 times larger specific surface area than the untreated particles, and both particle disassembly into cells and cell surface fibrillation into nanofibrils were observed in microscopy images. The treatment of the particles also improved the susceptibility to enzymatic saccharification, enabling the fiber to be recycled into fermentable sugars after the use as structural materials. Thus, this process offers a method for bioresource management by converting grass into structural materials that pool carbon and sugars.

Sr Promoted Ni/W-Zr Catalysts for Highly Efficient CO2 Methanation: Unveiling the Role of Surface Basicity.

This study explores the employment of CO2 methanation for carbon dioxide utilization and global warming mitigation. For the first time, in this work, we combine the interesting properties of the WO3-ZrO2 support and the benefits of Sr to improve the performance of Ni-based catalysts in this reaction. Sr loading on 5Ni/W-Zr samples is increased to 3 wt %, resulting in improved surface basicity through strong basic site formation. After 300 min, the 5Ni + 3Sr/W-Zr catalyst exhibits high activity and stability, achieving 90% CO2 conversion and 82% CH4 yield compared to 62 and 57% on 5Ni/W-Zr. Limited sintering and absence of carbon deposits are confirmed by temperature-programmed oxidation, XRD, Raman, and TEM analyses at 350 °C for 300 min. Sr promotion creates additional CO2 adsorption and conversion sites, enhancing the catalytic performance.

Tree-based carbon sequestration and storage abilities vary in natural and plantation forest ecosystems

Little is known about the relevance of natural forests and plantations in the wake of global warming and climate change. Understanding the impacts of land use conversion from natural forests to plantations on carbon sequestration and storage is critical for sustainable land and forest management. In this study, tree-based carbon sequestration and storage abilities were assessed in natural and plantation forest ecosystems. Four plots within a natural forest and cashew orchard were randomly chosen and four belt transects were established. In each plot, tree species were identified and their density, height, Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) enumerated and measured, respectively. In each plot, litter boxes were placed to collect litter weekly. Soils (at 0 -15 cm and 15 – 30 cm) within each plot were obtained with soil auger. AGB (aboveground biomass), BGB (belowground biomass), AGC (aboveground carbon) and BGC (belowground carbon) were calculated using allometric equations for pan moist and dry tropical forest. Twenty-three and eleven tree species were found in the forest and orchard, respectively. The forest had the largest total biomass allocation (188.61 Mg ha-1) and carbon stock (146.89 Mg C.ha-1) while the orchard had the least total biomass apportionment (37.20 Mg ha-1) and carbon stock (45.60 Mg ha-1). The forest ecosystem had the largest sequestration ability (593.04 Mg CO2ha-1) which followed this trend: aboveground (295.18 Mg CO2ha-1) &gt; belowground (60.51 Mg CO2ha-1) &gt; soils (133.73 Mg CO2ha-1) &gt; litter (49.62 Mg CO2ha-1) while cashew orchard had the least sequestration ability (167.37 Mg CO2ha-1) which followed this order: soil (99.09 Mg CO2ha-1) &gt; litter (35.75 Mg CO2ha-1) &gt; aboveground (27.00 Mg CO2ha-1) &gt; belowground (5.53 Mg CO2ha-1). From these results, land use change affects carbon budgets of ecosystems, hence, this study argues for protection of natural forest while practicing afforestation towards global warming mitigation.

ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF BUILDINGS TODAY

Nowadays, we hear the words energy efficiency and zero energy building more and more often. The concept of zero-energy building and energy-efficient building is becoming the goal of building design. Sustainable construction, which includes proper methods, materials, technologies, can ensure environmentally friendly use of natural resources and mitigation of global warming. Construction is an industry that does not stand still and almost all the time we see the construction of new buildings, the renovation of existing buildings, etc., but do these buildings meet modern standards? The authors will perform the necessary calculations to find out to what extent a real construction object meets modern requirements and how the energy efficiency of this object could be further improved.

Spatial and seasonal differences between near surface air temperature and land surface temperature for Urban Heat Island effect assessment

In the context of global warming, urban thermal environments are a growing concern. Previous studies focused on Urban heat island effect and global warming mitigation amplitude with Land Surface Temperature (LST), ignoring the interaction of LST and Surface Air Temperature (SAT), which comprehensively affects pedestrian thermal comfort. This study examines the SAT-LST relationship to reduce the uncertainty about SAT prediction based on LST. Utilizing data from 280 air temperature sensors and Landsat satellite remote sensing, we quantified temporal and spatial variations between SAT and LST in Changsha (under a monsoon climate). Analyzing data from 2018 to 2022, the study found that: 1) There are spatiotemporal differences in the SAT-LST relationship, with strong spatial heterogeneity, notably in urban areas and during the summer; 2) A stronger correlation between SAT and LST in winter (R2 = 0.916, RMSE = 1.242 °C) than in summer (R2 = 0.500, RMSE = 1.517 °C); 3) UHI and SUHI also exhibit spatiotemporal variations, with the cold and hot spots in summer not completely overlapping spatially. By constructing an SAT-LST regression model, the study deepens the understanding of the quantitative relationships between SAT and LST, thus contributing to urban thermal environment research and climate adaptive urban planning and design.