Mission Orientation Research Articles

The role of third mission orientation and motivational characteristics in young scientists’ entrepreneurial intention

This study examines the relationship between the individual motivational characteristics of young scientists (i.e. PhD students and post-docs) and their entrepreneurial intention, exploring also the mediating role of their third mission orientation. For this purpose, the authors considered the knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship at the level of the individual and the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Having university scientists as the unit of analysis, they used structural equation modelling to survey a sample of 337 young scientists working in a major Italian university. The authors were able to empirically identify the importance of third mission orientation as a mediating variable between scientists’ motivational characteristics and their entrepreneurial intention. The entrepreneurial orientation is reinforced if scientists are also engaged in third mission activities. The findings offer valuable insights for policy makers and higher education managers to develop strategies that could enhance knowledge transfer activities and produce additional benefits for universities and societies.

Social entrepreneurship and SDGs: case studies from northeast Nigeria

Case synopsis The use of entrepreneurship to deliver profound social impact is a much-needed but poorly understood concept. While social enterprises are generally well understood, there is a considerable need to have a more common approach to measuring the different ways they create social value for us as well as to reduce the difficulties of starting and growing them in the difficult conditions of developing countries. In the northeast of Nigeria, for example, the mammoth challenge of rebuilding communities in an unfavorable entrepreneurship environment makes the need for a solution even more urgent. This case study illustrates a model of promoting entrepreneurship that advances the conditions of sustainable development goals (SDGs) in local communities using a configuration of the key theories of social impact entrepreneurship (variants of entrepreneurship with blended value or mission orientation, including social entrepreneurship, sustainable entrepreneurship and institutional entrepreneurship). The extent to which ventures can adjust and improve the extent of their contributions to the SDGs are shown using examples of three entrepreneurs at different stages of growth. From this case study, students will be able to understand how entrepreneurs can identify and exploit social impact opportunities in the venture’s business model, within the network of primary stakeholders as well as in the wider institutional environment with the support of Impact+, a simple impact measurement praxis. Learning objectives The case study envisions training students how to hardwire social impact focus in the venture’s business model (social entrepreneurship), how to run ventures with minimal harm to the environment and greatest benefit to stakeholders (sustainable entrepreneurship) and how to contribute to improving the institutional environment for social purpose entrepreneurship (institutional entrepreneurship). At the end of learning this case study, students should be able to: 1. discover an effective model for a startup social venture; 2. explore options for managing a venture sustainably and helping stakeholders out of poverty; and 3. identify ways to contribute to improving the institutional environment for social impact entrepreneurs. Social implications For students, this case will help in educating them on a pragmatic approach to designing social impact ventures – one that calibrates where they are on well-differentiated scales. For business schools, entrepreneurial development institutions and policymakers, this case study can help them learn how to target entrepreneurial development for specific development outcomes. Complexity academic level The case study is preferably for early-stage postgraduate students (MSc or MBA). Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 3: Entrepreneurship.

Internal Logic and Implementation Strategy of the Fusion of School Physical Education and Life Education

Objectives: The integration of life education into school physical education is the intrinsic demand of sports to return to the essence of life. To construct the theory of school physical education with life education as the core to provide scientific basis and theoretical basis for the reform and development of school physical education. Methods: Based on the lack of life education in school physical education in China, this paper analyzes the internal logic and fusion strategy of school physical education and life education by using the methods of literature, investigation and logical analysis. Results: It is concluded that the relationship between school physical education and life education is complementary to each other, and life education must be regarded as the new mission and value orientation of school physical education. However, contemporary school education is far away from the near end of life and regards physical education as a minor subject, which cuts off the foundation of the sustainable development of human life and education, resulting in the disregard of the life meaning of students in school physical education and the lack of life education in school physical education. In the future, the reform of school physical education should be guided by life education, and life education should be regarded as the foundation of foothold, the pursuit of value and the orientation of reform of school physical education. Conclusion: In school physical education in the process of the implementation of life education, through the establishment of sports life education idea, the content of life education innovation, improvement and innovation of sports education methods, build the new teaching model of “integration of sports and life”, and so on, so that the students through sports activities to realize the value of life to cherish life, respect the natural life to love life, enjoy the process of life and transcend life.

THE IMPACT OF IPROVE CULTURE TOWARDS THE PERFORMANCE OF THE EMPLOYEES OF SNVT PJPA SUMATERA VIII BANGKA BELITUNG PROVINCE

Coming late, coming home too early, and absent from work are part of the employee's problems at Sumatra's SNVT PJPA VIII, Bangka Belitung Province. Work behavior, such as are undisciplined, irresponsible for the job description, shows that the work culture is not fully implemented in the work life of the employee. The work culture of IPROVE (Integrity, Professionalism, Mission Orientation, Visionary and Ethics) should be used as a guideline for the Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing employees in Sumatera's SNVT PJPA VIII of Bangka Belitung Province to performance effectively. This study aims to determine the impact of IPROVE culture both partially and simultaneously. This type of research is a quantitative research using quantitative descriptive methods. The results shows that all research hypotheses are accepted where the IPROVE culture has a positive and significant effect on performance both partially and simultaneously. The order of influence of independent variables on the dependent variable based on the size of Adjusted R Square are integrity of 43.6%, mission orientation of 43.5%, visionary of 37%, ethics of 26% and professionals of 25.7%. Simultaneously work culture of IPROVE affects 48 % of employee performance.

Бизнес и социальное предпринимательство: обзор основных теоретических моделей

В статье представлен обзор основных подходов западных авторов к пониманию социального предпринимательства. Исследовательский интерес в этой сфере заключается в выявлении возможных вариантов сочетания коммерческой (деловой) и некоммерческой (благотворительной) активности предприятий в условиях современной экономики. Историческое развитие социального предпринимательства изначально проходило в двух различающихся логиках – англо-американской и западноевропейской (континентальной), – что способствовало возникновению двух разных теоретических моделей. Выявляются характерные черты и сущностные особенности каждой из моделей. Отмечается, что в Великобритании и США издавна существуют традиции предпринимательства населения как эффективного средства решения социальных проблем, в то время как в континентальных странах Западной Европы, в рамках романо-германской системы права, значительную часть решения таких проблем берет на себя государство, хотя католические и протестантские церковные приходы также отчасти выполняли социальную миссию. Исходя из этих различий, складываются разные традиции в развитии организационных, управленческих, ценностных форм социального предпринимательства. Авторами отмечается, что в современных условиях происходит конвергенция двух теоретических моделей, прослеживается формирование универсальной (синтетической) модели, основанной на стирании существенных различий в практиках развития социального предпринимательства. Внимание уделяется анализу современных форм социального предпринимательства, в частности, выявлению ориентаций предпринимательства, его миссии и целей. Анализ исследований показывает, что, с одной стороны, в современных экономических условиях преобладающее большинство социальных предприятий вынужденно или по доброй воле включаются в коммерческую деятельность. С другой стороны, все коммерческие предприятия для достижения долгосрочного успеха и процветания должны в своей деятельности ориентироваться на выполнение социально значимых задач и достижение социального эффекта. Делается вывод, что современное социальное предпринимательство имеет гибридные формы организации, опирается на социально-ориентированную цель (миссию), ориентируется на производство социального изменения и решение социальных проблем посредством деятельности, приносящей доход и построенной на основе использования бизнес-технологий.

Fostering regional innovation, entrepreneurship and growth through public procurement

RIS3 is a policy initiative aiming to achieve structural change. Structural change needs to consider the processes and means through which (innovation) policies can facilitate a radical transformation by substantially changing a regional economy’s competitive bases. In this paper, we are interested in studying how certain policy instruments are actually implemented, and how the capabilities required for their effective rollout are built in practice. In particular, we focus on public procurement as a policy instrument that can foster regional innovation, entrepreneurship, and growth, while also transforming the industrial structure of a territory. The rationale for focusing on public procurement is threefold: (i) despite being identified as one of the relevant policy instruments to implement RIS3, little is yet known about how public procurement can be used for higher-order political purposes such as innovation-based diversification and transformation; (ii) public procurement remains an underexplored policy tool in sub-national innovation strategies; and (iii) public procurement links to the two key concerns of RIS3, namely, policy prioritization and the entrepreneurial discovery process. The paper provides evidence on two public procurement initiatives in Galicia (Spain), one in health and the other in unmanned aerial vehicles. We adopt a mixed-method approach, relying on a qualitative exploration of the factors leading to the institutionalization of public procurement in policy-making. Our results evidence that innovation-oriented public procurement has the potential to develop local priorities and strategies while also creating the necessary capabilities on both supply and demand. As a result, it can lead to the territorial transformation and to the emergence and further development of entrepreneurial firms. Public procurement can foster innovation, entrepreneurship, and growth while transforming the industrial structure, but… how to roll it out for its effectively? The paper provides the following implications for the practice of innovation policy. For an effective implementation, governments need to adopt a mission orientation that addresses grand challenges and provides directionality to the policy. It is also necessary to mobilize financial resources from supranational, national, and regional funds, what requires coordination and multi-level governance. When governments lack previous experience in innovation policy, they can conduct trial-and-error experiments that facilitate policy learning and lead to the development of capabilities, both on the demand and supply side. This experimentation should follow open innovation approaches by incorporating end-users, to open up policy definition to societal actors. At the same time, this facilitates the development of early market conversations that help to better frame the policy, institutionalize the policy definition process, and gain internal legitimacy. Policies also should seek for creating positive spillovers and knowledge transfer between large and small firms.

Deep Learning-Based Trajectory Tracking Control forUnmanned Surface Vehicle

Trajectory tracking control based on waypoint behavior is a promising way for unmanned surface vehicle (USV) to achieve autonomous navigation. This study is aimed at the guidance progress in the kinematics; the artificial intelligence method of deep learning is adopted to improve the trajectory tracking level of USV. First, two deep neural network (DNN) models are constructed to evaluate navigation effects and to estimate guidance law parameters in real time, respectively. We then pretrain the DNN using a Gaussian–Bernoulli restricted Boltzmann machine to further improve the accuracy of predicting navigation effect. Finally, two DNNs are connected in parallel with the control loop of USV to provide predictive supervision and auxiliary decision making for traditional control methods. This kind of parallel way conforms to the ship manipulation of habit. Furthermore, we develop a new application on the basis of Mission Oriented Operating Suite Interval Programming named “pDeepLearning.” It can predict the navigation effect online by DNN and adjust the guidance law parameters according to the effect level. The experimental results show that, compared with the original waypoint behavior of USV, the prediction model proposed in this study reduces the trajectory tracking error by 19.0% and increases the waypoint behavior effect level.

Investor Orientations and Endowment Portfolio Investments in German Foundations

Germany benefits from an especially lively philanthropic sector, with over twenty three thousand active charitable foundations. An empirical assessment of the portfolio preferences of German foundations yields fundamental intragroup differences in their approach to asset allocation. We build on entrepreneurial orientation theory to explore these differences in behavior, motives, rationales and portfolio investment preferences and extract a typology along a commercial and mission orientation in charitable foundations’ investment orientation. We suggest an explanatory model that improves our understanding of the observed differences foundations exhibit in their investment orientation and enables a more structured understanding of the sources of capital for differing commercial and social endeavors.

МЕСТО И РОЛЬ КОМПЕТЕНТНОГО ИНФОРМИРОВАНИЯ В УПРАВЛЕНИИ НАУЧНО-ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИМ РАЗВИТИЕМ

VUCA world (Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity, Ambiguity), according to experts of JRC (European Commission's Joint Research Centre), is now a special space that corrupts the integrity of science activity, limits thinking and vision of the situation by politicians. In fact, under such conditions, the only reliable resource for scientific organizations is a commercialization, and the payback is a condition of activity. These factors already pose a threat to global security. The mission orientation proposed by European Union experts is still seen as a rather weak alternative.

A PRODUCT OF SOCIAL MISSION, SUSTAINABLE ENTREPRENEURIAL AND MARKETING ORIENTATION: ENHANCING SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURIAL SELF-EFFICACY IN INDONESIAN EDUCATION SECTOR

In the current era, there is a major need to make some effective development in the social entrepreneurship based strategic approach in business development. This paper is an informative approach based on critically consider the number of external factors that enhanced the self-efficacy of social entrepreneurship in the education sector of Indonesia. In this paper, social mission orientation, sustainability entrepreneurial orientation, and marketing orientation are act as an independent variable, risk management as a moderator, while social entrepreneurial self-efficacy is studied as a dependent variable. An online survey-based quantitative research method is used for data collection. After implementing the structural equation modeling (SEM) and moderation analysis based statistical testing, it becomes concluded that risk management acts as a strong moderator which enhance the influence of sustainability entrepreneurial orientation and marketing orientation on the social entrepreneurial self-efficacy. But the social mission orientation does not majorly impact on self-efficacy because of its higher risk factor. This is an attractive approach in front of the Indonesian education sector to enhance their understanding regarding the efficient social entrepreneurship that helps them to make a long-lasting decision. No doubt, this is a challenging and informative paper but there are some limitations like lack of mixed method based versatile research and lack of value co-creation factor may impact the authenticity of this paper which can be overcome by the upcoming related field scholars. Keywords: Social Mission; Sustainable Entrepreneurial and Marketing Orientation

In Quest of a Coherent Portrait of Paul: A Rejoinder to Michael Bird

AbstractThis rejoinder to Michael Bird’s critique of our argument in Joel Kaminsky and Mark Reasoner, “The Meaning and Telos of Israel’s Election: An Interfaith Response to N. T. Wright’s Reading of Paul,” HTR 112 (2019) 421–46, acknowledges that Wright recognizes a dimension of intrinsic value in God’s election of Israel, while it shows how Wright’s metanarrative is not only unduly skewed toward an instrumental view of Israel’s election but also, in effect, totally redefines Israel. Our rebuttal first reiterates some of our original claims and also presents new arguments against an exegesis of Second Isaiah that portrays Israel as divinely called to bring light or Torah to the nations. Later Second Temple sources also did not understand Israel as failing to fulfill a divine call to missionize the gentiles. Bird’s own inconsistency on the mission orientation of Israel weakens his defense of Wright here. Wright’s exegesis of Rom 5:20–21 as teaching that God intentionally gave Torah to draw the world’s sins onto Israel and Bird’s defense of this on the basis of Isaiah 53 are anomalous and untenable in the light of other scholars’ readings of Romans and the rest of the New Testament. Finally, against Bird, Wright does indeed read non-Christ-confessing Jews out of Israel in a highly problematic way. Bird’s agreement with us against Wright that “all Israel” in Rom 11:26 refers to corporeal Israel strengthens our original critique of Wright’s redefinition of Israel in Rom 9–11.

The Demola model as a public policy tool boosting collaboration in innovation: A comparative study between Finland and Spain

The next generation of Science, Technology & Innovation (STI) policies will be defined by mission orientation and co-creation processes and implemented by dynamic public-private partnerships. However, the experience of European countries up to now in attempting to boost cooperation in innovation reveals a very different story. Beyond some contextual factors, the characteristics of the agents involved, the dynamics of their relationships and the design of the collaboration tools also have a critical influence at organisational level. This paper aims to identify these organisational factors in different contexts through the analysis of the Demola model, a university-industry innovation platform created in Finland which has spread to other countries, including Spain. Demola applies a standardised model but it has differences in its functioning depending on the national levels of collaboration in the innovation systems. In our case study, we have compared Finland and Spain, bearing in mind the features of the agents involved and their relationships, through a content analysis of primary and secondary information. The results of the study show that the institutional structure of the collaboration and the organisational culture of each institution are key factors in its functioning. These results can be useful for innovation managers, university leaders, educational experts and policy makers.

Governing Plastics Pollution in the Ocean: From Anarchy to Mission Orientation

Governing Plastics Pollution in the Ocean: From Anarchy to Mission Orientation

Discovering differences in the relationship among social entrepreneurial orientation, extensions to market orientation and value co-creation – The moderating role of social entrepreneurial self-efficacy

Drawing on an integrated framework of social entrepreneurial orientation theory, this study develops and examines a mediated-moderation model of the mutual relationships among critical attributes of social entrepreneurial orientation (SEO) and tests the buffering role of social entrepreneurial self-efficacy in the market and value co-creation processes. In a sample of 386 cultural and creative firms’ managers, with a discussion of the mutual relationships of SEO, the results show that having a social mission orientation may influence proactiveness through innovativeness and an effectual and sustainability orientation and that risk management may strengthen the relationships between sustainability orientation and proactiveness. Moreover, the findings suggest a positive relationship between proactiveness and value co-creation mediated by market orientation. Those mutual positive effects are also influenced by the buffering mechanism of high social entrepreneurial self-efficacy.

The Baptist Union of South Africa’s mission orientation needs transformation: A scrutiny by an insider

This article aims to trigger a process of critical reflexive analysis relative to how colonial perspectives are played out in the contemporary mission orientation of the Baptist Union of South Africa (BUSA). It highlights the fact that the BUSA’ s mission orientation, predominantly evangelism and church planting, is still embedded in the colonial perspectives influenced by the thoughts of the 19th-century missiologists Henry Venn and Rufus Anderson. Hence, the key argument of this article is that the BUSA’s mission orientation should be released from these colonial perspectives in order to give way to the emergence of an authentic and contextual Baptist missional agency in South Africa. A scrutiny of the BUSA reveals that it faces threefold challenges, namely, historical, philosophical and methodological challenges. Failure to address these challenges has (1) robbed the BUSA of imagination to measure up to contemporary contextual issues, (2) made it predominantly otherworldly in worldview and mainly membership-centred in focus and (3) made it embrace and practice on the ground ‘missionary activist’ and ‘conversionist’ reductionist shortcuts. To move forward, the BUSA is called to go through continuous conversions and reflexive process as a prerequisite for a deep transformation experience. This article concludes by contributing three solutions, namely, generating new mission insights befitting the South African context should involve the collective, avoid missionary reductionist shortcuts by opting for an integrated and holistic mission praxis and embrace participatory action research as a way forward for BUSA’s mission agenda.

Mission as ‘saving’ abandoned infants in Johannesburg inner city: An evaluation of the Door of Hope Mission

In this study, I position the Door of Hope (DoH), an organisation which attempts to work with abandoned and orphaned children, as a faith-based organisation and attempt to determine its effectiveness in relation to missio Dei [the mission of God]. This evaluation focussed on the four different ‘mission orientations’ that a religious community could have in society. Insights gained through this scrutiny of DoH highlight the notion that faith-based organisations in areas such as the inner city of Johannesburg in South Africa can genuinely embrace God’s mission as co-workers in God’s mission to realise a transformed reality symbolised by shalom or collective well-being of all of creation, in particular, for the most vulnerable citizens of Johannesburg inner city, such as infants and young women at risk.

Exploring the Medical Representatives’ Perception towards Motivational Measures Implemented by Selected Pharma Companies, Chennai City

Background: Indian Pharmaceutical industry has significant growth in recent decades and faces hyper competition in the local and international market. Aim: The primary objective of this research is to explore the medical representatives’ perception towards motivational measures implemented by selected pharma companies, Chennai city. Method and Material: The primary data of the research was collected through the structured questionnaire. The questionnaire was prepared based on Work Motivation Scale. The final sample size of the survey is 227. Results: The findings of the study indicates that earnings & benefits given to the medical representatives has highest positive effect on work motivation of medical representatives, which is followed by working conditions, success orientation, task orientation, task orientation, mission orientation, coworker relations, managing others, and supervisor relations. The results of confirmatory factor analysis confirms that all the factors of the conceptual model has significant positive effect on work motivation of medical representatives working in selected pharma companies. Conclusion: The medical representatives in Pharma industries can be motivated through the adoption of appropriate strategies by considering the right blend of above-mentioned factors.

Embeddedness and Social Entrepreneurship: Mediating Role of The Communities

This paper opens debate about the importance of embeddedness in the ‘local context’ which helps enhance community participation and social capital, thereby allowing social entrepreneurial organizations (SEOs) with strong embeddedness to retain their mission orientation. We emphasize that social bricolore social entrepreneurial model will most likely able to retain their hybrid nature given their local positioning. The paper suggests that SEOs need to ideally position themselves in the local context before administering their interventions.

Competency Model of Social Entrepreneurs

Social entrepreneurship is a potential alternative to address social problems but social business still needs to be strengthened to provide far-reaching impact. One strategy to flourish is benchmarking against successful social enterpreneurs because previous studies show that entrepreneur’s competence is a determinant of small-medium business performance and growth. Social entrepreneur competencies which drive social business success and how these competencies are developed, unfortunately have not clear yet. This study aims to build a competency model for social entrepreneurs and to find out pattern (in method, period, sources) for developing competencies by studying successful Indonesian social entrepreneurs. The reports on social entrepreneur competency model presented in this paper. This research adopt qualitative approach using multiple case study design. Data collected by indepth interviewing 29 informants, studying documents and conducting field observation in eight cities. Results show that successful social entrepreneurs have shared competencies which indicate existence of social entrepreneur competency model. The result of this study complements empirical studies in social entrepreneurs’ competencies by showing competencies that drive success of social business i.e: Achievement orientation, Persistence, Initiative, Courage to take opportunities, Networking, Influencing others, Team leadership, Developing others, Teamwork-Colaboration, Orientation to help and serve others, Mission orientation, Affiliate interest, Creative problem solving. The finding has direct implication on social entrepreneur education and development programs included method, materials, design and sources of development because the competencies determine the success constitute mostly of attitudes, motives and traits instead of knowledge and skills.

Explaining effort substitution in performance systems: the role of task demands and mission orientation

ABSTRACTThis article contributes to a theory of performance gaming, as it studies why public organizations engage in effort substitution (i.e. directing effort towards rewarded as opposed to unrewarded areas). We argue that effort substitution becomes more likely if tasks are difficult; less likely in the presence of a strong mission orientation; and that mission orientation can mitigate the task demands effect. Examining a five-year panel data set of high schools, we find support for the hypotheses when rewarded and unrewarded measures capture different dimensions of performance. However, results are mixed when rewarded and unrewarded measures are conceptually linked.