Missile Launch Research Articles

Evaluation of missile electromagnetic launch system based on effectiveness

To solve the problems of strong infrared radiation, poor continuous combat capability of the system, serious ablation of the launching device, and environmental pollution of the existing missile launching system, electromagnetic launch system (EMLS) has been studied for missile launch system. Combining the situation that the current research on missile electromagnetic launch system (MEMLS) mainly focuses on the key technical points and the deficiencies in the previous research on MEMLS, this paper establishes an effectiveness prediction model based on GRA-PCA-LSSVM, and discusses the investment efficiency of the system based on DEA. The experimental results prove that the established model is reasonable, effective and superior, and provides a reference for the further improvement and development of MEMLS.

ANALYSIS OF EXPERIENCE IN THE APPLICATION OF MISSILE LAUNCH DETECTION SYSTEMS

Analysis of combat losses of aircraft in local armed conflicts in recent decades shows that most cases of aircraft hits are related to the impact of guided surface-to-air and air-to-air missiles equipped with homing warheads.
 The use of modern guided missiles equipped with homing warheads is one of the main threats to aircraft of various types. This is due to the fact that modern guided missiles are characterized by high speed, maneuverability, accuracy of aiming and difficulty of detection.
 Solving the problem of protecting aircraft from guided missiles consists of several stages: detection of missile launch; confirmation that the detected missile is heading directly toward the protected object; missile identification and decision-making on the most effective countermeasure system employment.
 At present, there are no missile launch detection systems that guarantee a 100% probability of threat detection, but an analysis of aviation combat losses in local armed conflicts in recent decades convincingly shows that the number of combat losses of aircraft equipped with such systems is much lower than those in which missile launch detection is carried out visually. For example, most of the Soviet Union's losses during the war in Afghanistan and the United States‟ losses during Operation “Desert Storm” in Iraq were related to the use of portable anti-aircraft missile systems, which missiles were equipped with infrared homing warheads. Realizing the scale of the threat posed by such missiles, most of the world's leading countries have significantly increased the expenses on development new or improvement existing countermeasures. As a result, the aggregate losses of coalition forces in Iraq, Afghanistan and Syria since 2001 clearly suggest that these costs have paid off, with losses from the use of portable anti-aircraft missile systems significantly reduced, while the total number of combat sorties increased.
 Therefore, in the face of all the challenges and threats posed to Ukraine due to the aggressive actions of the Russian Federation, conducting research in the interests of aviation of the Armed Forces of Ukraine to improve the effectiveness of missile detection systems for ensuring timely detection of threats, warning of aircraft crew and activation in the automatic mode the means of countermeasures is as relevant as ever.

From “Shock and Awe” to Asymmetric Warfare in Modern Military Warfare

This study aims to present the strategies from “Shock and Awe” to asymmetric warfare in modern military warfare. The main points in the article are: Introduction: The lessons of a war - The Yom Kippur War; In the years before the Yom Kippur War; After the Yom Kippur War, the American military understood that it had to focus on mobile and rapid warfare against regular armies, an issue that had been neglected over the past decade; The “Shock and Awe” battle strategy. In conclusion: a very important element for coping with asymmetric warfare is the psychological strength of the civilian population. As stated, one of the ways of warfare of the weak side against the strong side is the marking the psychological sensitivity of the civilian population of the strong side as a target. A psychological attack on the civilian population can manifest itself in the launching of missiles at it, the control of its information, the multiplicity of casualties of its soldiers and the sowing of a sense of frustration in it due to prolonged confrontation.

Research on Erecting Joint and Dynamic Characteristics of Four-Hinge-Point Dual-Drive Missile

In order to improve the quick reaction ability and stability of the missile launching erecting system, the driving mode of the erecting joint is optimized. A four-hinge-point double-driving erecting joint is proposed and the mechanical model is established, the force and time of erecting cylinder are calculated by Matlab, and compared with two kinds of three-hinge-point joint. The results show that the response speed of the four-hinged double-drive erecting joint is fast, the erecting process is fast in the early stage and stable in the later stage, and the elongation and the erecting cylinder force are between two kinds of three-hinged joints, the four-hinge erector can not only combine the advantages of the three-hinge front-mounted and rear-mounted structure, but also realize the aim of compatibility design and improve the rapidity and stability of the missile erector, it can provide an important basis for the structural design of missile launcher.

Geopolitical Risk on Stock Returns: Evidence from Inter-Korea Geopolitics

We investigate how corporate stock returns respond to geopolitical risk in the case of South Korea, which has experienced large and unpredictable geopolitical swings that originate from North Korea. To do so, a monthly index of geopolitical risk from North Korea (the GPRNK index) is constructed using automated keyword searches in South Korean media. The GPRNK index, designed to capture both upside and downside risk, corroborates that geopolitical risk sharply increases with the occurrence of nuclear tests, missile launches, or military confrontations, and decreases significantly around the times of summit meetings or multilateral talks. Using firm-level data, we find that heightened geopolitical risk reduces stock returns, and that the reductions in stock returns are greater especially for large firms, firms with a higher share of domestic investors, and for firms with a higher ratio of fixed assets to total assets. These results suggest that international portfolio diversification and investment irreversibility are important channels through which geopolitical risk affects stock returns.

Securing matrix counting-based secret-sharing involving crypto steganography

The privacy and confidentiality of our data are more fundamental to our existence than ever, especially with our growing dependence on online services and the transfer of information, be it for convenience or the unfortunate COVID 19 pandemic. Traditional security measures such as cryptography and steganography are essential. However, they are not sufficient anymore as when one party maintains complete control over the data, they may intentionally, or not, lose or reveal it. Thus, secret sharing schemes were introduced to address applications that require collective agreement by authorized personnel to access or modify, such as missile launching, sophisticated medical agreements, or high-level bank transfers. In standard secret sharing, the target key is distributed among several authorized participants in a way that only the intended group of them are needed to reconstruct the original target key. These schemes became popular as they fortified the security of both cryptography and steganography and accomplished extraordinary results combined with each. This work focuses on two particular secret sharing techniques known as counting-based secret sharing and matrix-based secret sharing, which is based on the former. These methods are simple and intuitive. Consequently, they are prone to attacks that may result in the successful guessing of the key. In this work, not only are the shares hidden but they are also encrypted beforehand so that should they be intercepted, the adversary cannot decipher them. In other words, two layers of security are added to the secret-sharing method: steganography and cryptography. We studied two image steganography methods: least significant bit (LSB) and discrete wavelet transform (DWT), each combined with XOR encryption for security and robustness acceptability verification. The research results demonstrated that the use of steganography and encryption along with the matrix-based secret sharing did not affect the quality of operation nor compromised the security of information presenting attractive remarks.

Design, Fabrication, and Experimental Results of a Pulsed Power-Based Four-Stage Induction Coilgun for Launching a Heavy Projectile

Since 2016, Hanwha Defense Corporation has been working on applying electromagnetic launch technologies such as induction coilguns to cold-launch systems that can launch guided missiles. First, a design procedure of a multistage coilgun system based on the pulsed power driven by capacitor banks was developed using the Taguchi method, and a laboratory-scale three-stage coilgun capable of launching a 21.68-kg projectile at a maximum speed of 27.5 m/s was built and the results of the experiment were announced in 2018. In this article, we design, fabricate, and present the experimental results of a pulsed power-based four-stage induction coilgun using the proposed procedure to prove the validity of the electromagnetic launch technology for heavy missile launch. In this experiment, a 100-kg projectile was fired under 4-kV charging conditions, the maximum speed of the projectile was 25 m/s or more, and an efficiency of 15% was achieved without considering the mass of the armature. In this study, by accelerating a 100-kg projectile to 27 m/s, the feasibility of an electromagnetic launcher developed for heavy missile launch was verified.

Oxygen Adsorption and Photoconduction Models for Metal Oxide Semiconductors: A Review

Ultraviolet photodetectors have several critical applications in communications, early missile launch detection, pollution monitoring, and bacterial fluorescence detection. Wide-bandgap metal oxide semiconductors have proven to be high performance ultraviolet photodetectors with some photoresponsivities reaching several orders of magnitude greater than solid state commercial devices and even photomultiplier tubes. However, analysis and design of metal-oxide photodetectors is complicated by oxygen adsorption and photodesorption at the surface. A limited understanding of this adsorption phenomenon hinders the development of new UV photodetectors. This paper clarifies the adsorption and photodesorption process and makes analysis of metal-oxide photoconductors tractable. Several models of oxygen adsorption, oxygen desorption, and adsorption-controlled conduction from across disciplines are summarized. We discuss each model's use in their intended context, implications for design, fitting parameters, and limitations. We conclude with an argument that current models are insufficient for describing high-gain metal oxide ultraviolet photodetectors, and we outline the requirements for a new model suitable for high-gain sensors.

Design and Dynamic Simulation Analysis of Safety Valve of a Missile Launcher Cartridge

Design and Dynamic Simulation Analysis of Safety Valve of a Missile Launcher Cartridge

Kinematic characteristics of longitudinal double folding wings

ABSTRACTA folding wing is a tactical missile launching device that needs to be miniaturised to facilitate storage, transportation, and launching; save missile and transportation space; and improve the combat capability of weapon systems. This study investigates the aeroelastic characteristics of the secondary longitudinal folding wing during the unfolding process. First, the Lagrange equation is used to establish the structural dynamics model of the folding wing, the kinematics characteristics during the deformation process are analysed, and the unfolding movement of the folding wing is obtained using the dynamic equations in the process. Then, the generalised unsteady aerodynamic force is calculated using the dipole grid method, and the multi-body dynamics equation of the folding wing is obtained. The initial angular velocity required for the deployment of the folding wing is analysed through structural model simulation, and the influence of the initial angular velocity on the opening process is studied. Finally, aeroelastic flutter analysis is performed on the folding wing, and the physical model of the folding wing verified experimentally. Results show that the type of aeroelastic response is sensitive to the initial conditions and the way the folding wing opens.

Possibility of Using Ballistic Missile Launchers in the Study of Shock-Compressed Substance Properties

The paper describes ballistic test site equipment used for studying the physical and mechanical properties of materials exposed to intense dynamic loads. To study the properties of shock-compressed substances, explosive shock wave generators based on powerful condensed explosives are used. The methods of dispersal of the used strikers in different throwing modes with different types of guns are briefly described. The methodological development in cannon experiments on light-gas guns is given, in which the conditions of safe acceleration of the strikers in the barrels of the guns and the loading parameters of the latter which provide the required collision speeds of the striker and the target are confirmed. Numerical and experimental results of testing the selected throwing modes are presented.

Application of Maximum Entropy Method in Error Statistic of Vertical Launching Device

The installation accuracy of the vertical launcher will have varying degrees of influence on the initial accuracy of the test missile launching. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study the assembly error characteristics of the launcher. This article will perform ANSYS simulation of the vertical launcher based on the marine force environment, use the maximum entropy method to perform statistical analysis on the extracted simulation error data, and calculate and solve the probability density function and distribution curve of the error data. The analysis results provide guidance for the next step in the accuracy control research of the launcher.

Exploring the China factor in Japan’s foreign and security policy in outer space

ABSTRACT In the new millennium, Japan's strategy for outer space has strengthened with growing concerns about North Korea's launching of ballistic missiles and China's enhanced space capabilities. The main aim of this research is to examine Japan's foreign and security policy in outer space and explore strategic implications in relation to China. The article argues that outer space has assumed an increasingly important position in the Japan-US alliance as Japan is playing an auxiliary role in enhancing the guarantee of the US mission assurance against China's space capabilities. It also contends that Japan has engaged in regional community-building through a multilateral space forum with open and horizontal character, which challenges China's aspiration to lead regional cooperation in outer space. Furthermore, this article offers the prospect of the extension of the quadrilateral security dialogue to the space field and the deepening of community-building through more commitments to human resources development.

Visual dynamics simulation for adapters separation of missile launching

The process of the adapter separating from the missile plays an important role in the safety and reliability of missile launching, which involves complex dynamics calculations. In order to guarantee the safety of separating the adapter from the missile and successfully launching the missile, this article was concerned with the whole process of the adapter separating from the missile launching system and presented a novel calculation method and visual simulation software to analyze the dynamics process of adapter separation. The dynamics models including the coordinate system, dynamics and kinematic equations, and the forces acting on the adapter are established. The random factors and their distribution law that greatly influence the separation process are analyzed, the confidence intervals of the separation reliability are estimated by using the Monte Carlo method, and an algorithm for calculating the distance between the adapter, missile wing, and tail rudder is proposed. Visual simulation software for analyzing the separation process is designed, which gathers modeling, solving, and analytical processing. Finally, a numerical simulation result is given to verify the validity and correctness of the proposed method and software and analyze the factors affecting the separation reliability of the separating process of adapters for missile launching. The method and software presented in this paper can provide support for the safety design of missile adapter separation.

Система автоматичної стабілізації транспортного модуля реактивних систем залпового вогню

У статті розглядається запропонована конструктивно-компонувальна схема привода системи автоматичної стабілізації (САС) мобільного наземного транспортного модуля реактивних систем залпового вогню (РСЗВ) з гідравлічними опорами. В роботі розроблена структурна схема системи автоматичної стабілізації положення платформи РСЗВ в просторі на основі математичної моделі динаміки САC як об'єкту управління по одному каналу під дією зовнішнього збурення з урахуванням моделі реології ґрунту, як пружно-в'язко-пластичного середовища. САС на основі запропонованої моделі стабілізує положення транспортного модуля РСЗВ в просторі при підготовці до роботи і в процесі застосування при його динамічному навантаженні, а також скорочує час розгортання в бойове положення.

Numerical simulation of power and thermal loads on a submarine during an underwater missile launch

The article is devoted to the numerical modelling of the force and thermal effects acting on a submarine’s missile silo during an underwater missile launch. Experimental studies are not sufficient for determining all the parameters of interest and elucidating the pattern of emergency situations. The correctness of the developed numerical method for modelling the loads acting on a submarine during an underwater missile launch was confirmed by comparing the results of the conducted numerical calculations and obtained experimental data, which were found to be in good agreement. Two-phase flow patterns were obtained; force and temperature effects were determined during post-start silo flooding with water.

Model of auxiliary identification and technical diagnosis of space vehicles, rockets-rockets, running blocks with the function of error recognition of typical solutions

Problem statement. The concept of solving problems of identification and technical diagnostics of spacecraft (SC), launch vehicles (LV), upper stages (RB) under conditions of imperfect models and methods of their identification with a priori uncertainty of statistical relationships of controlled parameters is proposed. Goal. Increasing the reliability of technical diagnostics of spacecraft, launch vehicles and missile launchers under conditions of imperfect models and methods of their identification under destructive influences. Results. A commutative diagram of extended technical diagnostics of complex objects of rocket and space technology (SFBT), as well as a model of augmented identification and technical diagnosis of SFBT as a set of interrelated mathematical models of systems of an object and an object as a whole, control of their technical state, search for the location and causes of malfunctions, assuming the detection of signs of erroneous decisions of typical technical diagnostics and increasing its reliability in case of malfunctions. Practical significance. The idea of RCBT augmented identification and technical diagnostics of the RCBT with the function of recognizing errors of standard solutions is proposed as a basis for creating special software and mathematical support for standard and promising automated test complexes for the preparation of spacecraft, launch vehicles, RB during factory tests, tests at technical and launch complexes, as well as means spacecraft flight control centers during flight design tests and routine control.

The Impact of Geopolitical Risk on Stock Returns: Evidence from Inter-Korea Geopolitics

We investigate how corporate stock returns respond to geopolitical risk in the case of South Korea, which has experienced large and unpredictable geopolitical swings that originate from North Korea. To do so, a monthly index of geopolitical risk from North Korea (the GPRNK index) is constructed using automated keyword searches in South Korean media. The GPRNK index, designed to capture both upside and downside risk, corroborates that geopolitical risk sharply increases with the occurrence of nuclear tests, missile launches, or military confrontations, and decreases significantly around the times of summit meetings or multilateral talks. Using firm-level data, we find that heightened geopolitical risk reduces stock returns, and that the reductions in stock returns are greater especially for large firms, firms with a higher share of domestic investors, and for firms with a higher ratio of fixed assets to total assets. These results suggest that international portfolio diversification and investment irreversibility are important channels through which geopolitical risk affects stock returns.

Prospect of establishing a Joint Center for the Exchange of Data Russia-NATO in Europe

Nowadays, information about a false missile launch can be fatal in the context of a nuclear war. The idea of creating a Joint Center for the Exchange of Data from Early Warning Systems and Notifications of Missile Launches, JDEC isn’t new, however, it has not yet been properly implemented. Today, such Center on the NATO territory is capable to solve a number of urgent tasks: firstly, the exchange of information on the upcoming launches of ballistic missiles by states or non-state organizations, secondly, the exchange of information Early Warning Systems and Notifications of Missile Launches and the creation of a unified information database, thirdly, prompt response to ambiguous signals / "false signals" from the early warning system, and fourthly, bringing information about launches, as well as assessing their possible consequences, to the relevant security control authorities. The main goal of creating Joint Center is to reduce the risk of nuclear war.

Trajectory control of a two-position system consisting of a strike fighter and a cover fighter, providing an effective solution to the tasks of each of them

The problem of joint guidance of a strike fighter with an on-board radar station operating on radiation, and a cover fighter with an active jamming station operating on radiation, in the interests of improving the effectiveness of group actions of fighters, is due, in conditions of limited radio frequency spectrum, to the occurrence of unintentional interference at the input of the receiver of the onboard radar of the strike fighter, created by the active jamming station of the cover fighter. The purpose of this article is to synthesize the method of trajectory control of a two-position system consisting of a strike fighter and a cover fighter, which ensures the effective operation of the active jamming station of the cover fighter, while maintaining the information support capabilities of the strike fighter in the interests of its accurate guidance in the area of a possible missile launch, by introducing an energy quality indicator into the control signal. The result of the article is: the method of trajectory control of a two-position system as part of a strike fighter and a cover fighter, the results of modeling that allow us to evaluate the effectiveness of the developed method. The practical significance of the materials of the article lies in the fact that the implementation of the developed method of trajectory control of a two-position system as part of a strike fighter and a cover fighter will allow, by taking into account the energy quality indicator in the control signal of the cover fighter, in the form of a realizable suppression coefficient at the input of the on-board radar receiver, to ensure its flight path, ensuring maximum effectiveness of the cover of the strike fighter, while maintaining the ability of the on-board radar of the strike fighter to provide information for the algorithm of its guidance in the zone of possible launch of airto-air missiles.