Minor Edits Research Articles

The procedure for suturing and inversion of the stump of the appendix (in real time with minor edits)

The procedure for suturing and inversion of the stump of the appendix (in real time with minor edits)

Some Impressions of the Permanent Appellate Judges: 1958–2002

In this article, the late Rt Hon Sir Ivor Richardson provides personal insight into the inner workings of the Court of Appeal and reflections on each of the judges appointed since its inception as a permanent appellate court in 1958 until 2002. Drawing on his vast experience as an advocate, as a judge and as a President of the Court of Appeal, Sir Ivor canvasses the Court as led by various judges: Gresson, North, Turner, McCarthy, Richmond, Woodhouse, Cooke and Sir Ivor himself. Sir Ivor retired as President of the Court of Appeal in 2002 after 25 years in judicial office. He wrote the bulk of the paper that forms this article in 2009, but it remained unfinished at the time of his death in 2014. The paper is reproduced here largely as it was written; only minor edits have been made for clarity.

Agent-based simulation for biogas power plant potential in Schwarzwald-Baar-Kreis, Germany: a step towards better economy

Over the past decade, political framework in the energy sector all over the world has provoked a strong focus on the production of renewable energies. The study focuses on agent-based modelling approach to identify the suitable and economical distribution of biogas power plants over time in the area of interest. For sufficient supply of biomass (silage maize) on a regional basis to run biogas power plants economically and smoothly, different thematic layers with defined rules for Agent Analyst used to simulate the future installations of power plants. In conjunction with ArcGIS, the Agent Analyst software generates simulations that prove the robustness of the model in finding the suitable location of power plants. The resultant location from the model is analysed in different aspects. The designed methodology could be implemented in other areas with minor edits as per requirement of the area.

Family-Reported Experiences Evaluation (FREE) study: a mixed-methods study to evaluate families’ satisfaction with adult critical care services in the NHS

BackgroundTo improve care it is necessary to feed back experiences of those receiving care. Of patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs), approximately one-quarter die, and few survivors recollect their experiences, so family members have a vital role. The most widely validated tool to seek their views is the Family Satisfaction in the Intensive Care Unit questionnaire (FS-ICU).ObjectivesTo test face and content validity and comprehensibility of the FS-ICU (phase 1). To establish internal consistency, construct validity and reliability of the FS-ICU; to describe family satisfaction and explore how it varies by family member, patient, unit/hospital and other contextual factors and by country; and to model approaches to sampling for future use in quality improvement (phase 2).DesignMixed methods: qualitative study (phase 1) and cohort study (phase 2).SettingNHS ICUs (n = 2, phase 1;n = 20, phase 2).ParticipantsHealth-care professionals, ex-patients, family members of ICU patients (n = 41, phase 1). Family members of ICU patients (n = 12,303, phase 2).InterventionsNone.Main outcome measuresKey themes regarding each item of the 24-item FS-ICU (FS-ICU-24) (phase 1). Overall family satisfaction and domain scores of the FS-ICU-24 (phase 2).ResultsIn phase 1, face validity, content validity and comprehensibility were good. Adaptation to the UK required only minor edits. In phase 2, one to four family members were recruited for 60.6% of 10,530 patients (staying in ICU for 24 hours or more). Of 12,303 family members, 7173 (58.3%) completed the questionnaire. Psychometric assessment of the questionnaire established high internal consistency and criterion validity. Exploratory factor analysis indicated new domains:satisfaction with care,satisfaction with informationandsatisfaction with the decision-making process. All scores were high with skewed distributions towards more positive scores. For family members of ICU survivors, factors associated with increased/decreased satisfaction were age, ethnicity, relationship to patient, and visit frequency, and patient factors were acute severity of illness and invasive ventilation. For family members of ICU non-survivors, average satisfaction was higher but no family member factors were associated with increased/decreased satisfaction; patient factors were age, acute severity of illness and duration of stay. Neither ICU/hospital factors nor seasonality were associated. Funnel plots confirmed significant variation in family satisfaction across ICUs. Adjusting for family member and patient characteristics reduced variation, resulting in fewer ICUs identified as potential outliers. Simulations suggested that family satisfaction surveys using short recruitment windows can produce relatively unbiased estimates of average family satisfaction.ConclusionsThe Family-Reported Experiences Evaluation study has provided a UK-adapted, psychometrically valid questionnaire for overall family satisfaction and three domains. The large sample size allowed for robust multilevel multivariable modelling of factors associated with family satisfaction to inform important adjustment of any future evaluation.LimitationsResponses to three free-text questions indicate the questionnaire may not be sensitive to all aspects of family satisfaction.Future workReservations remain about the current questionnaire. While formal analysis of the free-text questions did not form part of this proposal, brief analysis suggested considerable scope for improvement of the FS-ICU-24.Study registrationCurrent Controlled Trials ISRCTN47363549.Funding detailsThe National Institute for Health Research Health Services and Delivery Research programme.

The NICOLA recruitment trial (NICOLA-RT): can you improve recruitment by making zero cost amendments to the invitation letter?

Background NICOLA-RT is using minor edits to invitation letters to assess their impact on potential participants’ decisions about joining a prospective study. Even small improvements in recruitment could produce important savings in cost and time. The elements in NICOLA-RT have been registered as SWAT (Study Within A Trial) 3, 4 and 5. These SWAT examine different approaches to recruitment and retention and ways to maximise these.

Ketamine - A Multifaceted Drug

There is a petition for tight control of ketamine from the Chinese government to classify ketamine as a Schedule I drug, which is defined as a drug with no currently accepted medical use but a high potential for abuse. However, ketamine has unique properties that can benefit different patient populations. Scholars from the Translational Perioperative and Pain Medicine and the International Chinese Academy of Anesthesiology WeChat groups had an interactive discussion on ketamine, including its current medical applications, future research priorities, and benefits versus risks. The discussion is summarized in this manuscript with some minor edits.

Market Value, Time, and Risk

(Revised 4/29/15, with minor edits by Craig William French)Abstract by Craig William FrenchThis paper reprints a slightly edited version of Jack L. Treynor's 1961 CAPM manuscript, which has previously been unavailable to the public. The author's facsimile of the original was obtained thanks to the kind generosity of Mr. and Mrs. Treynor. Edits in the present version, which differ from the original, include minor typographical corrections and minor notation differences for some variables in the formulae. Pagination is as in the original. In 1958, Jack Treynor was employed by Arthur D. Little. That summer he took a three-week vacation to Evergreen, Colorado, during which he produced forty-four pages of mathematical notes on capital asset pricing and capital budgeting. Over the next two years, Treynor refined his notes into what is in all likelihood the first CAPM. Treynor gave a copy of this early model to John Lintner at Harvard in 1960. While in business school at Harvard from 1953 through 1955, Mr. Treynor had taken nearly every finance course offered, and though he signed up for Lintner’s economics course he was forced to cancel due to a schedule conflict. In 1960, John Lintner was the only economist he knew even slightly. Treynor refined his 1960 model into the 45-page “Market Value, Time, and Risk” [the present paper]. This paper, Treynor (1961), develops the CAPM using the concept of experiment space to quantify risk and risk relations. Without his knowledge or encouragement, one of Mr. Treynor’s colleagues sent the draft to Merton Miller in 1961, after Miller had moved to the University of Chicago from Carnegie Institute of Technology. Miller sent the paper to Franco Modigliani at MIT in the spring of 1962, and Modigliani invited Treynor to embark on a program of graduate work at MIT under his supervision. Treynor did so during the 1962-1963 academic year; in addition to Modigliani’s course, he took Bob Bishop’s price theory and Ed Kuh’s econometrics courses, among others. By the fall of 1962, Treynor had consolidated the first part of Treynor (1961), on the single-period model, into “Toward a Theory of Market Value of Risky Assets,” and presented it to the MIT finance faculty.A more complete description of the development of the Treynor CAPM may be found in French, Craig W., The Treynor Capital Asset Pricing Model. Journal of Investment Management, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 60-72, 2003. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=447580.A reprint of Treynor's 1962 paper, “Toward a Theory of Market Value of Risky Assets,” may be found in French, Craig W., Jack Treynor's 'Toward a Theory of Market Value of Risky Assets' (December 28, 2002). Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=628187.

"A Modern Poet on the Scotch Bard": Walt Whitman's 1875 Essay on Robert Burns

In his 1996 essay hitman on Burns: An Early Essay Recovered, Gary Scharnhorst draws attention to early critical essay on that had hitherto been to scholarship.1 The essay to which he refers, titled A Modern Poet on The Scotch Bard, first appeared in ephemeral newspaper titled Our Land and Time in January 1875 and was subsequently reprinted in the London Academy in February that same year. Whitman later revised the essay for publication- changing the title to Robert as Poet and Person-in the New York Critic (1882), and made minor textual edits for the North American Review in 1886. The North American Review version also appeared three times in 1888 -in November Boughs, Democratic Vistas and Other Papers (London: Walter Scott), and Complete Poems and Prose.Critics of have frequently referenced Robert as Poet and Person when commenting on the possible influence of on Whitman and, more broadly, American literature. Though Scharnhorst drew attention to the discovery of the 1875 early version almost two decades ago, remarkably little has since been written about the essay by scholars of or Whitman. Revisiting Whitman's lost essay is a useful exercise in helping to accentuate and enhance our understanding of his views on Burns. The complete lack of critical engagement with A Modern Poet on The Scotch Bard means that, hitherto, we do not have the fullest possible sense of the American poet's appraisal. I will begin by considering some of the existing commentary regarding Robert as Poet and Person before going on to examine the lost passages of the 1875 essay.Quite often, the more laudatory aspects of Robert as Poet and Person have been strongly emphasized in scholarship, leading to the popular assumption that the American poet admired and praised Burns and identified with the inextricable linkage of American liberty and the common man in Burns's art and thought.2 Perhaps the most commonly quoted, and thus influential, passage from the 1882 and 1886 essays has been W hitman's powerful proclamation that:. . . there are many things in Burns's poems and character that specially endear him to America. He was essentially a Republican-would have been at home in the Western United States, and probably become eminent there. He was average sample of the good-natured, warm-blooded, proud-spirited, amative, alimentive, convivial, young and early-middle-aged man of the decent-born middle classes everywhere and any how. Without the race of which he is a distinct specimen, (and perhaps his poems) America and her powerful Democracy could not exist to-day-could not project with unparallel'd historic sway in the future.3The esteem of Whitman, as well as praise by Ralph Waldo Emerson,4 certainly contributed to becoming an idol of both cultural and literary proportions for the nineteenth-century American reading public.5 However, as Carol McGuirk and Crawford have noted, a fuller reading of W hitman's 1886 essay reveals that the American poet was not entirely complimentary about Burns, despite heralding him as the tenderest, manliest, and (even if contradictory) dearest flesh-and-blood figure in all the streams and clusters of by-gone (NB 64; PW 2:568). In excellent essay, McGuirk suggests that W hitman seems both amazed and rather put off by Burns's emphatic rhyming sound, asserting that the strong influence of Wordsworth may have rendered Burns's verse informal for direct and full imitation by nineteenth-century American poets or too direct.6 Indeed, in Whitman's revised 1886 essay, he describes Burns's versification as idiomatic ear-cuffing restricted by a low and contracted understanding of poetry (NB 63; PW 2:567-568). While praising the raciness and humour of Burns's genuine poetic imagination, Whitman derides the morality in Burns's poetry, rendering it hardly more than parrot talk (NB 60-61; PW 2:563). …

Cross-Cultural Adaptation of a Text Message-Based Program for Smoking Cessation in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Few individual-level nonpharmacological interventions are available in Argentina to support smokers who attempt to quit. We conducted a cross-cultural adaptation of Stop Smoking with Mobile Phones, an English text message-based tobacco cessation program, in Buenos Aires. The process included English-Spanish translation and back-translation, face validity checking by two local tobacco cessation experts, and a complete review using a structured questionnaire and discussion groups with potential users (current smokers who want to quit or former smokers who quit in the past 6 months). An editing group was responsible for analyzing information collected and preparing adapted messages. Readability of final messages was assessed. Tobacco cessation experts found translated messages suitable for the local setting, although mention of "mate" (a local infusion which can trigger cravings) was recommended. Review of messages by two potential users confirmed most of the messages would help smokers to quit and resulted in minor edits. Potential users who participated in two discussion groups (n = 17, 64.7% female, age range: 30-73) found the content of messages was relevant for cessation and related to their own experiences, although they suggested adding information regarding the negative consequences of smoking. Participants emphasized that messages should be formatted using voseo and informal style and provided feedback on specific words and expressions. Readability of final messages was easy/very easy (Fernández Huerta Index: 79.93). The cross-cultural adaptation of Stop Smoking with Mobile Phones resulted in relevant revisions for the study population, including tone, wording, and pertinent information (eg, smoking consequences). Local acceptability and effectiveness should be confirmed in future studies.

Cerebral circulation and ischemia: How to monitor it during surgery?

The anesthesiologists from both the United States and China had an open and engaging discussion on intraoperative monitoring of cerebral perfusion and ischemia at the social media – WeChat International Chinese Academy of Anesthesiology (ICAA, www.icaahq.org) group. This discussion is presented here to showcase the role the modern social media plays in enhancing the academic exchange and learning experience on the international stage. Some minor edits were performed for clarity purposes.

Qualitative Research on Fatigue Associated with Depression: Content Validity of the Fatigue Associated with Depression Questionnaire (FAsD-V2).

BackgroundFatigue is one of the most common symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD). The Fatigue Associated with Depression Questionnaire (FAsD) was developed to assess fatigue and its impact in patients with MDD. The current article presents the qualitative research conducted to develop and examine the content validity of the FAsD and FASD–Version 2 (FAsD–V2).MethodsThree phases of qualitative research were conducted with patients recruited from a geographically diverse range of clinics in the US. Phase I included concept elicitation focus groups, followed by cognitive interviews. Phase II employed similar techniques in a more targeted sample. Phase III included cognitive interviews to examine whether minor edits made after Phase II altered comprehensibility of the instrument. Concept elicitation focused on patients’ perceptions of fatigue and its impact. Cognitive interviews focused on comprehension, clarity, relevance, and comprehensiveness of the instrument. Data were collected using semi-structured discussion guides. Thematic analyses were conducted and saturation was examined.ResultsA total of 98 patients with MDD were included. Patients’ statements during concept elicitation in phases I and II supported item development and content. Cognitive interviews supported the relevance of the instrument in the target population, and patients consistently demonstrated a good understanding of the instructions, items, response options, and recall period. Minor changes to instructions for the FAsD–V2 did not affect interpretation of the instrument.ConclusionsThis qualitative research supports the content validity of the FAsD and FAsD–V2. These results add to previous quantitative psychometric analysis suggesting the FAsD–V2 is a useful tool for assessing fatigue and its impact in patients with MDD.

A view from Cheyenne Mountain: Generation III's perspective of Keystone III.

In October 2000 the family of family medicine convened the Keystone III conference at Cheyenne Mountain Resort. Keystone III participants included members of Generation I (entered practice before 1970), Generation II (entered 1970-1990), and Generation III (entered after 1990). They represented a wide range of family physicians, from medical students to founders of the discipline, and from small-town solo practice to academic medicine. During the conference, the three generations worked together and separately thinking about the past, present, and future of family medicine, our roles in it, and how the understanding of a family physician and our discipline had and would continue to evolve. After the conference, the 10 Generation III members wrote the article published here, reflecting on our experiences as new physicians and physicians in training, and the similarities and differences between our experiences and those of physicians in Generations I and II. Key similarities included commitment to whole-person care, to a wide scope of practice, to community health, and to ongoing engagement with our discipline. Key differences included our understanding of availability, the need for work-life balance, the role of technology in the physician-patient relationship, and the perceptions of the relationship between medicine and a range of outside forces such as insurance and government. This article, presented with only minor edits, thus reflects accurately our perceptions in late 2000. The accompanying editorial reflects our current perspective.

Multi-institutional Quantitative Evaluation and Clinical Validation of Smart Probabilistic Image Contouring Engine (SPICE) Autosegmentation of Target Structures and Normal Tissues on Computer Tomography Images in the Head and Neck, Thorax, Liver, and Male Pelvis Areas

Clinical validation and quantitative evaluation of computed tomography (CT) image autosegmentation using Smart Probabilistic Image Contouring Engine (SPICE). CT images of 125 treated patients (32 head and neck [HN], 40 thorax, 23 liver, and 30 prostate) in 7 independent institutions were autosegmented using SPICE and computational times were recorded. The number of structures autocontoured were 25 for the HN, 7 for the thorax, 3 for the liver, and 6 for the male pelvis regions. Using the clinical contours as reference, autocontours of 22 selected structures were quantitatively evaluated using Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) and Mean Slice-wise Hausdorff Distance (MSHD). All 40 autocontours were evaluated by a radiation oncologist from the institution that treated the patients. The mean computational times to autosegment all the structures using SPICE were 3.1 to 11.1 minutes per patient. For the HN region, the mean DSC was >0.70 for all evaluated structures, and the MSHD ranged from 3.2 to 10.0 mm. For the thorax region, the mean DSC was 0.95 for the lungs and 0.90 for the heart, and the MSHD ranged from 2.8 to 12.8 mm. For the liver region, the mean DSC was >0.92 for all structures, and the MSHD ranged from 5.2 to 15.9 mm. For the male pelvis region, the mean DSC was >0.76 for all structures, and the MSHD ranged from 4.8 to 10.5 mm. Out of the 40 autocontoured structures reviews by experts, 25 were scored useful as autocontoured or with minor edits for at least 90% of the patients and 33 were scored useful autocontoured or with minor edits for at least 80% of the patients. Compared with manual contouring, autosegmentation using SPICE for the HN, thorax, liver, and male pelvis regions is efficient and shows significant promise for clinical utility.

Case Studies in Agribusiness: An Interview with Ray Goldberg

Introduction In a recent article published in Harvard Business School Alumni Bulletin titled What's the Big Idea? (Emmons, Hanna, & Thompson, 2012), a timeline was presented highlighting the 20 of the most significant advances in the 100 year history of the school. Among these landmarks--which included such luminaries as Mayo's pioneering industrial research, Porter's work on strategy, Jensen's agency theory, and Christensen's disruptive innovation--was listed the 1957 publication of A Concept of Agribusiness by Ray Goldberg and John Davis. This work not only coined the term agribusiness, it also introduced the concept of viewing the production, distribution, and consumption of food and fiber as a commodity system--a forerunner to today's value chain and supply chain analysis. In addition to being a co-inventor of the field of agribusiness, Ray A. Goldberg (George M. Moffett Professor of Agriculture and Business, Emeritus at HBS) holds another important distinction. According to his HBS web page, he has authored and supervised the development of over 1000 case studies on various private, public, and farm cooperative firms and institutions in the global food system. Informally, at least, that makes him the most prolific producer of business discussion cases in the history of HBS (and, quite possibly, in the world). Still active, Goldberg continues to write and teach. Most recently, this teaching has included seminars at Harvard's Kennedy School of Government, an undergraduate course at Harvard College, and an executive agribusiness seminar conducted by HBS. Because of the extraordinary impact of he has had on the agribusiness field, and the important role that case studies have played over the course of his career, he seemed like the idea person to speak to about the manner in which case studies can be used for informing. Protocol The interview that follows was conducted by the author on 24 October 2012. Prior to the interview, Goldberg was sent the list of questions. The interview itself was then recorded, and an initial transcription was made using Dragon System's Naturally Speaking software. This transcript was then cleaned up by the author, and sent back to Goldberg for his approval and minor edits. A similar round of draft and approval was followed for the paper as a whole, prior to publication. The Interview Q1. When did you develop your interest in agribusiness? I grew up in Fargo, North Dakota, the son of person who had a farm, developed a grain business and a seed and feed business in the Red River Valley. I was the youngest of four children and the only boy so I spent a great deal of time with my father and I developed my interest and love and appreciation for agriculture at a very young age. I remember going to work when I was 10 years old and have worked in the field of agriculture ever since. So I started at a very young age and that interest was always reinforced, not only by my immediate family, but also by everyone I ever met in my academic and business career. Q2. So perhaps you can tell me where the term agribusiness came from? John Davis and I spent many hours trying to figure out what we should call the food system domestically and globally. Because both of us were trained as PhDs in agricultural economics, we recognized that agricultural economics cannot cover the business world, that the farmer was just as much a businessman as anybody else, and that we really should encompass the whole value-added chain. So we decided that we had better put business into the title--so we called it agribusiness. Q3. The idea of a commodity system keeps cropping up in agribusiness. Could you explain what it means and how it relates to today's widely used concepts of supply chains and value chains? Yes, I'd be happy to address that question, but to address it properly I have to explain what a concept of agribusiness includes and why a commodity system became important to that concept. …

Rienzi (review)

Reviewed by: Rienzi Micaela Baranello Richard Wagner . Rienzi. DVD. Sebastian Lang-Lessing / Deutsche Oper Berlin. With Torsten Kerl, Camilla Nylund, Ante Jerkunica, Kate Aldrich, Krzysztof Szumánski. [Halle an der Saale, Germany]: Arthaus Musik, 2010. 101521. $39.99. This first video of the early Wagner opera Rienziis a welcome contribution to the DVD catalogue. The grand opera dating from 1842 is a surprisingly engrossing political drama set in late medieval Rome, contrasting large public scenes with private double-dealing. With some conventional numbers and some larger, more dramatic sections in the later acts, its score at times echoes Meyerbeer and at others, bel canto. The work bears scant resemblance to mature Wagner, and the score contains both inspired and banal music. Today the opera is best known for its reception by one individual: Adolf Hitler was obsessed with it. The parallels with its demagogic, messianic title character are only too obvious, and serve as the hook for this 2009 Deutsche Oper Berlin production. Rienziis a forbiddingly long work, and most recordings and performances are cut. The premiere reputedly ran over six hours, and it is believed the lost manuscript score of this edition burned in Hitler's bunker. Later editions are nearly as long. This production, however, takes cutting to a new extreme presenting only around half the score. Excisions are both large, such as the entire No. 7 (the opening scene of Act 2) and small (seemingly no aria or recit is left intact without internal cuts). Only the well-known overture is performed in its entirety. Some of the strongest music remains, such as Rienzi and Adriano's major arias, but some cuts seem to have been made for reasons of expediency rather than artistic merit. (The loss of the concertantewith children's chorus in Act 2 is unfortunate.) This approach drastically alters the mood of the opera, which goes from a stately and complex political tragedy to a fragmentary series of tableaus painted in broad dramatic strokes, the supporting characters rendered inconsequential or eliminated completely. Scholars will find it lacking as a performance of Rienzi, serving as little more than a preview. The producers are honest about the edition, describing it as a "version in two parts by Philipp Stölzl and Christian Maier." But on its own terms, the edition has significant merit. Director Stölzl's production explicitly evokes the Expressionism of the Weimar era and the Nazis, with a flat cartoonish cityscape and a large R and pictures of Rome replacing the swastika and Berlin. He essentially trusts that the mythology of the Third Reich will fill in the blanks of the drama, with the help of a few minor text edits (the "free Romans" in Act 1 become "proud Romans"). Genocide remains discreetly offstage, though war intrudes towards the end, and we are trusted to interpose our own conventional wisdom of Nazis as the evilest of evil to make sense of the story. Stölzl cuts most of the episodes involving [End Page 141]the Church, and what remains is confusing and an insufficient counterweight to the title character. Yet on the whole the production works well and produces a number of memorable images. In Act 1, a flat cityscape recalls Metropolis, when Rienzi takes over a gallery of Weimar freaks (contrasted with Irene, a blond Mädchen in a Drindl) and transforms into a uniformed, ordered army. In the second half, a stunning double-level set portrays the street above and Rienzi's bunker-like headquarters below. The production effectively uses video, imitating grainy newsreel footage, in Rienzi's proclamations. Musically the performance is solid, with particularly good contributions by the well-drilled chorus and excellent orchestra. Torsten Kerl sings Rienzi with sweet yet forceful tone, though struggling with the fiorature. While he sincerely tries to act, he is not the most charismatic of singers. The strongest portrayal is Kate Aldrich's impassioned Adriano Colonna, sung with a creamy mezzo and acted with conviction. Camilla Nylund is silvery but often sharp as Irene. None of the other singers really register, their roles having been far reduced, another unfortunate side effect of the large-scale cuts. Sebastian Lang-Lessings' conducting...

C4 A case of the great and little imitator

We present a case of Acute Intermittent Porphyria (AIP) exacerbated by HAART and review the complications of managing these two conditions. Only one previous case of these two conditions has been published. AB is a middle aged man who was diagnosed with HIV with baseline CD4 of 518. He was well until 2011 when he was admitted to our department with severe abdominal pain, hypotension and a penile ulcer. CT, MRCP, OGD and ultrasound were normal but syphilis serology was positive. He was treated with benzathine, his pain reduced and was discharged. He was then started on Atripla with a CD4 of 162. After 3 weeks he developed severe abdominal pain, hypertension and complained of ‘bloody’ urine but no blood on analysis. Biochemistry showed a sodium of 117. With these new symptoms urinary porphyrins were requested which were elevated at 4002 nmol/l representing an acute episode of AIP. It was felt this second admission was triggered by HAART which was stopped and he was treated with haem arginate and his symptoms improved. On further discussion with AB he admitted to taking a ‘legal high’ prior to the first admission which may have triggered this episode. There have been no reported cases of AIP due to syphilis. AIP is a disorder of the haem pathway and is known as the Little Imitator in contrast to syphilis the Great Imitator as it is often misdiagnosed. While it is a rare condition its importance with HIV is that it is triggered by most drugs needed in managing HIV. Drugs which induce cytochrome p450, anti PCP, TB and fungal agents have all been implicated. NRTI's are thought to be safe while Saquinavir is the only PI recommended for use and there is no evidence of newer HIV agents. AB was started on Truvada and boosted Saquinavir and 4 months on his symptoms are controlled with no further AIP attacks and viral load is 42 c/ml. Reports such as this are important in increasing the limited knowledge of safely co-treating HIV and AIP.Correction noticeThis article has been corrected since it was published. The text has had minor edits made to protect patient anonymity.

Entrevista con Edith Turner

Edith Turner is one of the legends of anthropology of our times. The anthropologist who enters her home can’t help feeling a mixture of awe, respect, and excitement contemplating the Ndembu masks that cover the walls. There are also very different artifacts from other places of the world, like Alaska. These are silent witnesses of the more than 60 years of research that Edith Turner has conducted, formerly in collaboration with Victor Turner, and later by herself. Edith Turner has devoted her life to the study of ritual and symbolism. During her more than 60 years of research she has worked in places as different as Zambia, Alaska, and Ireland. She considers herself a practitioner of humanistic anthropology and the anthropology of experience. She has published several books, dozens of articles, and she is the current Editor of the journal Anthropology and Humanism. At her 87 years she continues teaching her courses on Fieldwork and Ethnography, The Anthropology of Religion, and Shamanism and Healing, among others, at the University of Virginia, being one of the most beloved and respected teachers both by her students and colleagues. George Mentore is a Professor of Anthropology at the same department and a good friend of Edith Turner. He has worked for more than twenty years in the Caribbean and Lowland Southamerica. It was an honor for AIBR having the chance of asking him to conduct this interview. We have done some minor edits to the original transcript of the interview but in general we have decided to keep it as close to the original as possible, so that our readers could enjoy the informality and cheerfulness of the original conversation between these two great anthropologists.

Discussion of Neil Altman's paper, ‘psychoanalysis and war’

This paper consists of a discussion of Neil Altman's ‘Psychoanalysis and war’, which was conducted online through PsyBC in the fall of 2006. Discussants were a group of psychoanalytically oriented thinkers chosen by the author and Nancy Hollander, the author of the other paper included in the discussion. The paper represents the full discussion with only minor edits to correct typographical errors and improve clarity. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Practitioners As Experts: The Influence of Practicing Oncologists “in-the-Field” on Evidence-Based Guideline Development

Panels of experts are used to develop clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) intended to be used by practitioners "in-the-field." Therefore, oncologists' participation in CPG development is an important strategy to promote CPG adoption. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the contributions of oncologists in-the-field to evidence-based CPG development using data from Ontario's cancer system. CPG development in Ontario includes surveys of oncologists' opinions, using a structured questionnaire, about draft recommendations that were developed from rigorous systematic reviews of evidence prepared by expert panels. Two research assistants reviewed background documents to trace the changes in CPG recommendations from draft to final stage to determine the contribution of oncologists' input to final recommendations. Changes to recommendations were categorized as either substantive (content or tone) or minor (ideas clarification or edits). From 2000 to 2003, 43 CPGs were developed. There were 87 changes to draft recommendations for 31 CPGs, of which 40 changes to 19 CPGs could be attributed to survey input from practicing oncologists. Of the 40 changes, 28 (70%) were judged to be substantive. Despite a rigorous evidence-based process for CPG development, practicing oncologists contribute substantially to the final recommendations approved by the expert panel. It is hypothesized that the responsiveness of expert panels to input from oncologists in-the-field will facilitate adoption of CPGs.

Export control of high-performance computing: analysis and alternatives

The authors present their 2nd February 2001 Department of Defense report, with minor edits, analyzing US government export control strategies for high-performance computing. Due to advances in clustering technology, export controls on high-performance computer systems are found to be no longer effective. The authors recommend a shift away from hardware controls to protections on critical defense applications software.