Minor Edits Research Articles

A practical guide to applying the Delphi technique in mental health treatment adaptation: The example of Enhanced Problem-Solving Training (E-PST).

Expert consensus methods, such as the Delphi procedure, are commonly employed in consumer, education, and health services research. However, the utility of this methodology has not widely been described in relation to mental health treatment adaptation efforts. This gap is noteworthy given that evidence-based treatments are often modified in terms of core intervention content, method of delivery, and target populations. Expert consensus methods such as the Delphi procedure offer multiple practical benefits (e.g., flexibility, resource-efficiency) for psychologists who need to adapt existing treatments to meet new research and clinical practice needs. The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief overview of the Delphi procedure, and to offer a practical guide to using this method for treatment adaptation. An example is offered using our team's application of a three-round Delphi procedure to render content and context modifications to an existing problem-solving intervention to optimize its use with a new treatment population. Data were collected from Department of Veterans Affairs clinical subject matter experts. Round 1 utilized semi-structured interviews to determine necessary protocol features and modifications. Rounds 2-3 utilized a forced-choice survey and feedback loop to evaluate expert consensus. More than 91% of rated items reached consensus following Round 2, with the remainder following Round 3. Recommended modifications included minor structural and content edits, and re-balancing time allotments. We conclude that consensus methods may facilitate treatment adaptation efforts, enhance treatment feasibility, and promote content and ecological validity. Considerations for future Delphi-based treatment adaptations are offered.

An artificial intelligence–enabled ECG algorithm for comprehensive ECG interpretation: Can it pass the ‘Turing test’?

ObjectiveTo develop an artificial intelligence (AI)–enabled electrocardiogram (ECG) algorithm capable of comprehensive, human-like ECG interpretation and compare its diagnostic performance against conventional ECG interpretation methods.MethodsWe developed a novel AI-enabled ECG (AI-ECG) algorithm capable of complete 12-lead ECG interpretation. It was trained on nearly 2.5 million standard 12-lead ECGs from over 720,000 adult patients obtained at the Mayo Clinic ECG laboratory between 2007 and 2017. We then compared the need for human over-reading edits of the reports generated by the Marquette 12SL automated computer program, AI-ECG algorithm, and final clinical interpretations on 500 randomly selected ECGs from 500 patients. In a blinded fashion, 3 cardiac electrophysiologists adjudicated each interpretation as (1) ideal (ie, no changes needed), (2) acceptable (ie, minor edits needed), or (3) unacceptable (ie, major edits needed).ResultsCardiologists determined that on average 202 (13.5%), 123 (8.2%), and 90 (6.0%) of the interpretations required major edits from the computer program, AI-ECG algorithm, and final clinical interpretations, respectively. They considered 958 (63.9%), 1058 (70.5%), and 1118 (74.5%) interpretations as ideal from the computer program, AI-ECG algorithm, and final clinical interpretations, respectively. They considered 340 (22.7%), 319 (21.3%), and 292 (19.5%) interpretations as acceptable from the computer program, AI-ECG algorithm, and final clinical interpretations, respectively.ConclusionAn AI-ECG algorithm outperforms an existing standard automated computer program and better approximates expert over-read for comprehensive 12-lead ECG interpretation.

On the requirements for articles published in the scientific and technical journal «Bases and foundations»

Before starting work on the article, you should get acquainted with the requirements for the publication of articles in the Scientific and Technical Journal «Bases and foundations», founded by the Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture.
 The journal includes the articles on topical challenges of geotechnics. There are the results of interaction between elements of the system «base – foundation – superstructures», influence of seismic or other dynamic loads; designing foundations on weak soils, exploration of the deep foundations, retaining structures, assessment of the slope stability of landslide areas, determination of soil parameters by in-situ and laboratory tests.
 The journal is designed for scientific, engineering and technical specialists of scientific, research, design and construction organizations.
 The journal publishes in the following specialties:
 192 «Construction and civil engineering»,
 194 «Hydraulic engineering, water engineering and water technologies».
 The article submitted to the editorial board must clearly meet the goals and specializations of the journal, must be written and designed in accordance with the requirements set out in this article.
 Original research and discussion materials are accepted for publication. Articles are subject to double review, including by independent experts. It is recommended to submit a scientific article only in one journal, which meets the requirements of International Ethical Standards, which prohibit the simultaneous publication of the article in different publications.
 Articles must be pre-reviewed before publication in the journal. After confirmation of the article's compliance with the general requirements and the availability of a complete package of documents, the article is submitted for review and undergoes internal editorial processing. The editors reserve the right to make minor edits and reductions, while maintaining the main results and author's style.
 The article is returned to the author for revision or correction if the members of the editorial board (scientific editors in the relevant areas) have questions to the author regarding certain provisions of the article.
 The Editorial Board is not responsible for the content and authorship of the material of the article used, but reserves the right not to allow the article to be published in case of non-compliance with the above requirements.

Head And Neck Quad Shot Using CT Based Adaptive Treatment On A Ring Gantry LINAC

The head and neck (HN) quad shot (QS) regimen entails three cycles of four fractions given BID for two days, with 3-4 weeks between cycles. The current workflow requires patients to come in before each cycle for an additional CT simulation to determine whether the current plan is suitable or if a new plan is required. Here we propose an alternative workflow with a commercially available CBCT-guided online adaptation platform coupled with ring gantry LINAC and determine the feasibility of online adaptation at the beginning of each new cycle for HN QS patients. Three HN patients were planned with the QS regimen on the initial CT simulation. Adapted workflow was simulated using CBCT images acquired with C-arm or the ring gantry LINAC. Each step in the adapted workflow was timed and artificial intelligence (AI) guided automatic contours were graded as needing no edits, minor edits, or major edits by a physician. The initial plan (scheduled) is calculated utilizing the CBCT image of the treatment day, and an adapted plan is optimized and calculated. The physician decided whether to continue with the scheduled plan or use the newly adapted plan for the entire cycle. The total time to an approved plan was recorded. Five fractions were successfully simulated for three patients. The table below shows the origin of the CBCT utilized as well as the time (in minutes) for each step of the adapted workflow. Only one fraction needed major edits on any of the automated contours, the target contour from the C-arm LINAC CBCT. This is likely due to the inferior image quality to that of the ring gantry’s CBCTs. The best image quality as noted by the physician was the Pelvis Large Fast protocol with breath hold (25 second scan time). On average, the physician spent 3.5 minutes reviewing and editing all contours. The average time to get an approved plan was 11.2 minutes. For patients 1 and 2, the original scheduled plan was determined suitable to continue using. For patient 3, the adapted plan had improved quality over the scheduled plan due to patient weight loss. An adaptive workflow for the first fraction of each cycle for head and neck quad shot regimen has been shown to be feasible. With automated contouring and planning, an adapted plan can be created in under 15 minutes. This workflow would obviate the need for additional CT simulations resulting in less travel burden for patients receiving palliative therapy and reduce CT simulation workload.Abstract 3972; TablePatientCBCTProtocolAI OAR auto contours time (min)MD OAR review/edits (min)AI Target auto-contour time (min)MD target review/edits (min)Plan computationPlan ReviewApproved plan (total min)1C-armHead0.5Minor (2)2Major (4)23Scheduled (15)2Ring-gantryHead1none (0.5)3none (3)12Scheduled (11)2Ring-gantryPelvis Large Fast1none (0.5)2none (1)0.53Scheduled (9)3Ring-gantryPelvis Large Fast – breath hold1Minor (1)1none (2)22Adapted (12)3Ring-gantryPelvis Large Fast1none (0.5)1Minor (3)21Adapted (9)Average0.90.91.82.61.52.211.2 Open table in a new tab

Generating High-Quality Lymph Node Clinical Target Volumes for Head and Neck Cancer Radiation Therapy Using a Fully Automated Deep Learning-Based Approach

Purpose:To develop a deep learning model that generates consistent, high-quality lymph node clinical target volumes (CTV) contours for head and neck cancer (HNC) patients, as an integral part of a fully automated radiation treatment planning workflow.Methods and Materials:Computed tomography (CT) scans from 71 HNC patients were retrospectively collected and split into training (n = 51), cross-validation (n = 10), and test (n = 10) data sets. All had target volume delineations covering lymph node levels Ia through V (Ia-V), Ib through V (Ib-V), II through IV (II-IV), and retropharyngeal (RP) nodes, which were previously approved by a radiation oncologist specializing in HNC. Volumes of interest (VOIs) about nodal levels were automatically identified using computer vision techniques. The VOI (cropped CT image) and approved contours were used to train a U-Net autosegmentation model. Each lymph node level was trained independently, with model parameters optimized by assessing performance on the cross-validation data set. Once optimal model parameters were identified, overlap and distance metrics were calculated between ground truth and autosegmentations on the test set. Lastly, this final model was used on 32 additional patient scans (not included in original 71 cases) and autosegmentations visually rated by 3 radiation oncologists as being “clinically acceptable without requiring edits,” “requiring minor edits,” or “requiring major edits.”Results:When comparing ground truths to autosegmentations on the test data set, median Dice Similarity Coefficients were 0.90, 0.90, 0.89, and 0.81, and median mean surface distance values were 1.0 mm, 1.0 mm, 1.1 mm, and 1.3 mm for node levels Ia-V, Ib-V, II-IV, and RP nodes, respectively. Qualitative scoring varied among physicians. Overall, 99% of autosegmented target volumes were either scored as being clinically acceptable or requiring minor edits (ie, stylistic recommendations, <2 minutes).Conclusions:We developed a fully automated artificial intelligence approach to autodelineate nodal CTVs for patients with intact HNC. Most autosegmentations were found to be clinically acceptable after qualitative review when considering recommended stylistic edits. This promising work automatically delineates nodal CTVs in a robust and consistent manner; this approach can be implemented in ongoing efforts for fully automated radiation treatment planning.

Using the Clinical Frailty Scale in Allocating Scarce Health Care Resources.

The key idea behind the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) is that, as people age, they are more likely to have things wrong with them. Those things they have wrong (health deficits) can, as they accumulate, erode their ability to do the high order functions which define their overall health. These high order functions include being able to: think and do as they please; look after themselves; interact with other people; and move about without falling. The Clinical Frailty Scale brings that information together in one place. This paper is a guide for people new to the Clinical Frailty Scale. It also introduces an updated version (CFS version 2.0), with revised level names (e.g., “vulnerable” becomes “living with very mild frailty”) and minor edits to level descriptions. The key points discussed are that the Clinical Frailty Scale assays the baseline state, it is not widely validated in younger people or those with stable single-system disabilities, and it requires clinical judgement. The Clinical Frailty Scale is now commonly used as a triage tool to make important clinical decisions such as allocating scarce health care resources for COVID-19 management; therefore, it is important that the scale is used appropriately.

Cyberthreats in 2025

Presents a virtual roundtable discussion of the future for cyberthreats and cybersecurity through 2025. The topic of discussion is what the upcoming cyberthreats in 2025 might be. We could have asked about other years, such as 2030 or 2035. However, for this topic, the larger the number, the more the answers become sheer speculation. We believe that distant, futuristic speculation is of little value to the reader, given the relentless hacks that occur daily. In this VRT, we invited six experts to respond to 12 questions. Their written responses may have undergone minor edits. However, as organizers, we attempted to keep their words as verbatim as possible.

Growing Up and Waking Up: A Conversation With Ken Wilber About Leaving Transpersonal to Form Integral Psychology

Although he formally departed from the transpersonal psychological community in the 1990s, Ken Wilber was, and continues to be, one of the most important and influential theoreticians in this subdiscipline of psychology. Given his indisputable prominence and substantive contributions to transpersonal psychological thought, both Harris L. Friedman and Douglas A. MacDonald met with Wilber in order to learn about his views of the field and to solicit him for suggestions on what might be done to help move transpersonal psychology forward. On November 16, 2018, Wilber, Friedman, and MacDonald met in Denver, Colorado. The 3-hour conversation that ensued was recorded and transcribed. In this article, we provide salient excerpts from this conversation, including some minor edits (in brackets) made to enhance quality of expression. The gist of Wilber’s recommendations, made early in the conversation, is that transpersonal psychology should “disband or, at the very least, come up with a different name.” What follows is a lively dialog between two transpersonal psychologists and one of the subdiscipline’s most renowned early thinkers who now disavows its worth and shares some of the reasons why he left the subdiscipline to pursue “integral” psychology.

Applying the Turing Test to contouring: Are Machine-Generated Contours Indistinguishable From Human Generated Ones?

To use a modified Turing test to evaluate the quality of contours auto-generated by a deep learning contouring (DLC) algorithm. Ten consecutive head and neck (H&N) patients treated by tomotherapy were selected for evaluation. The dose and number of fractions received by each patient ranged from 60-70Gy in 30-35 fractions. Each patient had two sets of normal structures generated, one clinically used and drawn by human (physician and dosimetrist), and another created by a DLC H&N model trained with contours from a different institution. DLC uses convolutional neural network algorithm and trains with large numbers of datasets to create auto-contouring models. A group of evaluators consisting of two radiation oncologists, who are the primary physicians for H&N cancer, and four dosimetrists assessed the structures. The questions asked for each structure were 1) Which dataset do you think is generated by the DLC model? (i.e. a Turing Test) 2) Which dataset do you prefer or are they equivalent? 3) Would you suggest additional editing or is it clinically acceptable and if editing is needed, by what approximate percentage? To minimize the bias, no evaluator was requested to score their own patient. Datasets were de-identified and randomized so evaluators couldn’t tell by other factors such as the structure set name, organ name or color to guess which dataset was created by DLC. Nine normal structures were evaluated including parotids, mandible, spinal cord, oral cavity, pharyngeal constrictors, spinal cord, brain stem, esophagus, and larynx. All contours were evaluated in 3D concurrently. The DLC generated structure sets were identified with 90% accuracy by the blinded reviewers, potentially as a result of a noticeable error in at least one contour. However, as shown in Table1, DLC was most similar to human generated contours for parotids, mandible, pharyngeal constrictors, and spinal cord where more than 50% of DLC created contours were considered equal or better than human drawn ones. More than 80% of DLC generated oral cavity and brain stem needed only minor edits. Esophagus and larynx needed modifications though more than 60% were considered to be minor edits. In contrast with previous generations of atlas-based or active shape model approaches, DLC models are capable of producing contours with a high level of clinical acceptance and show promise to be indistinguishable from human generated ones.Abstract 2307; Table 1Quality of DLC generated contours. Equivalent/Better: equivalent or better than human contours; Acceptable: clinically acceptable with no editing needed; Minor: 10% or less editing; Medium: 25% or less editing; Major: more than 25% editing.Equivalent/BetterAcceptableMinorMediumMajorParotid Left56%7%37%Parotid Right58%13%29%Mandible50%3%40%7%Oral Cavity44%0%40%16%Pharyngeal Constrictor63%0%10%27%Spinal Cord63%23%13%Brainstem12%4%65%19%Esophagus27%4%31%12%27%Larynx27%4%35%12%23% Open table in a new tab

Spanish adaptation and validation of the Mobile Application Rating Scale questionnaire

Introduction and aimIn recent years, numerous health-related apps have appeared on the market, and assessing their quality has become crucial. A very popular tool worldwide, created especially for this purpose, is the Mobile Application Rating Scale (MARS). However, there are no similar tools in Spanish. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to adapt MARS to the Spanish language and validate the resultant version. MethodThe design consists of three processes: cross-cultural adaptation, translation, and metric evaluation. 46 mobile applications, 23 of which were for Apple telephones and 23 of which were for telephones running Android, were included in the study. The main objective of these applications was to promote physical activity. The internal factor structure and reliability of MARS were examined. ResultsNo major differences were observed in the two Spanish translations, which were carried out independently. The blind back-translation, reviewed by the original author of MARS, suggested minor edits. Discrimination indices (item-scale correlation) obtained appropriate results for both raters. The reliability of the scores was found to be appropriate both in terms of internal consistency (α > 0.77), temporal stability (r > 0.72), and inter-rater reliability (IC > 0.76). The correlations between the subscales have shown high values with range between 0.47 and 0.83. ConclusionThe Spanish version of MARS was shown to have appropriate metric properties to assess the quality of health apps.

Watch out, CRISPR. The RNA-editing race is on

Joshua Rosenthal isn’t your typical biotech entrepreneur. The cephalopod scientist at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, has spent most of his life studying the nervous systems of squid—along with the occasional octopus. But in April 2018, Rosenthal found himself in Boston pitching to investors at Atlas Venture an idea for a new kind of therapy, inspired by a mechanism that squid use to edit their RNA. RNA, a short-lived cousin to its better-known partner DNA, is the blueprint for protein production in cells. Rosenthal told the Atlas investors about how squid and octopuses make prolific use of an enzyme called ADAR to catalyze thousands of single-letter changes to their RNA code. Those minor edits alter the structure and activity of proteins that control electrical impulses in the animals’ nerves. Humans have ADAR enzymes in our bodies, too, where they do the same thing, just less prolifically. Rosenthal’s

An Expert Discussion on Autism and Empathy.

Autism in Adulthood strives to be a home for constructive interprofessional dialogue on pressing issues that affect the lives of autistic adults. We do this in a number of ways. One is to hold roundtable discussions with experts in the field. Our first roundtable discussion concerns the topic of autism and empathy, a hotly debated construct within and outside academia.1 As early as 1962, psychologists described children with “autistic psychopathy” as being “unable to achieve empathy.”2 An empathy deficit has since become a core feature in many conceptualizations of autism, including the theory of mind (or mind-blindness) model and the empathizing-systematizing model.3 Researchers have distinguished between cognitive empathy (or theory of mind; the capacity to understand another person's perspective or mental state) and emotional or affective empathy (the capacity to experience affective reactions to the observed experiences of others), asserting that autistic individuals have deficits in the former, but not in the latter.4,5 Even this position, however, has been widely criticized by autistic individuals in online forums. For example, purported deficits in cognitive empathy may be a problem of experiencing too much emotional empathy or of needing more time to process empathy's cognitive aspects.6 Or they may be due to a breakdown in mutual understanding between people who experience the world differently (and may apply just as much to neurotypical people failing to empathize with autistic people as it does in the opposite direction).7 Autistic adults often argue that the notion that autistic individuals lack empathy or theory of mind is dehumanizing and perpetuates dangerous stereotypes and oversimplifications.6 Following is a transcript of our roundtable discussion, with minor edits for clarity.

Applying Organizational Health Literacy to Maternal and Child Health.

Purpose Describe the development of an innovative teaching activity that applies organizational health literacy to maternal and child health (MCH). DescriptionHealth literacy is a strong predictor of health behavior and outcomes. While the study of health literacy has traditionally been confined to skills and capacities of individuals, the significant role of the social and physical environmental contexts in facilitating or hindering one's ability to obtain, understand, and make informed decision about their health has been recognized. MCH organizations play a critical role in influencing health literacy across system levels. This teaching activity aims to equip students with knowledge and skills needed to foster organizational health literacy. Assessment The teaching activity is assembled within a toolkit which includes the following: (1) instructor lesson plan; (2) interactive PowerPoint presentation with instructor notes; (3) field assignment description; (4) health literacy attribute assessment worksheets; and (5) grading rubric. The teaching tool was pilot tested by a student research team member to assess the educational value and assignment logistics, resulting in minor edits (i.e., addition of interviewer probes, and option of a group project-format to permit triangulation of multiple organizational interviews). Conclusion The field of MCH is expanding in complexity, and the demands of health systems on women, children, and families must be mediated by conscious efforts within organizations. Through teaching the importance and function of organizational health literacy to students in MCH, educators can prepare an emerging workforce to improve health literacy, and ultimately the quality of healthcare for women, children, and families.

Automated Contouring of Contrast and Non-Contrast CT Liver Images with Fully Convolutional Neural Networks

Liver contouring can be particularly labor-intensive based on size and unique patient liver shape. While model-based segmentation methods have shown promise in the past, they can be relatively slow (> 10 minutes), and not robust to unique patient anatomy. Fully-convolutional neural networks have shown great promise in the ability to accurately segment 2D images with multiple classes in short time periods and robustness against nuisance variations. We hypothesize that fully-convolutional networks (FCNs) can be used to rapidly and to accurately contour the Manual contours of the liver were delineated on the CT scans of 58 patients who had colorectal liver metastases (CLM) by a trained radiologist. A previously trained FCN, the Visual Geometry Group (VGG)-16 network, was adapted for rapid segmentation of the liver. A skip-layer architecture, similar to that found in the popular ‘U-net’ design, was implemented in order to improve output segmentation results. Various batch sizes, learning rates, and filters were investigated before deciding on the final model. For validation, 161 contrast-enhanced image sets released by the Medical Imaging Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention (MICCAI) challenges were obtained, as well as 10 non-contrast-enhanced image sets from the institution. The contrast-enhanced image sets came specifically from the abdominal challenge (n=30) and liver tumor segmentation challenge (LiTs, n=131). As a final test, 26 patients with clinically defined liver contours were compared by a blinded diagnostic radiologist. Upon the presentation of the two contours, responses were categorized based on the contour preference, and clinical usability. The final model was selected based on its performance in dice similarity coefficient (DSC) scores. The average DSC and standard deviations for the validation groups were as follows: μAbdomen:0.93, σAbdomen:0.02, μLiTS:0.92, σLiTS:0.05, and μNon-Contrast:0.95, σNon-Contrast:0.006. Of the contours generated from this model compared to 26 clinically defined contours, 50% (13/26) were preferred to the previously created contour, 54% (14/26) would be clinically useful without edits, 92% (24/26) useable or useable with minor edits (<1 minute of work), and 8% (2/26) required major edits. Liver contours were predicted, post-processed, and transferred to the planning system within 1 minute using an Intel i5 processor (3.3 GHz) and 16 GB RAM. These results suggest that the developed FCN can rapidly and accurately contour the liver on CT scans in a manner similar to those contoured in our clinic. Beyond the scope of DSC, on a small subset of cases these contours have been shown to be clinically useful and even preferable to currently created manual contours, warranting further investigation. For the two cases of the major edits, these patients had extensive disease, which was not seen in the training data, and will be investigated further in future iterations of the model.

Opportunities for Standards to Contribute to Health, Safety, Resiliency, and Environmental Protection in Canada’s North

The Northern Review 48 (2018): 33–50The objective of this research and article is to investigate potential opportunities for standards to contribute to increased health, safety, resiliency, and environmental protection in Canada’s North. Specifically, we focus attention on four key topic areas where there are both unique considerations in Canada’s North relative to the potential role for standards and also a number of identified challenges: the provision of clean and accessible water, the provision of adequate emergency response, having safe and resilient buildings to live and work in, and environmental protection and management. Fourteen different opportunities for standards have been identified across these topic areas. It is also highlighted that there are also needs and opportunities in terms of better allowing for the inclusion of northern perspectives and input into northern standards, and three distinct ideas for helping to achieve this are presented in the article. This article includes very minor edits made October 23 after original publication.

Retrospective Validation and Clinical Implementation of Automated Contouring of Organs at Risk in the Head and Neck: A Step Toward Automated Radiation Treatment Planning for Low- and Middle-Income Countries.

PurposeWe assessed automated contouring of normal structures for patients with head-and-neck cancer (HNC) using a multiatlas deformable-image-registration algorithm to better provide a fully automated radiation treatment planning solution for low- and middle-income countries, provide quantitative analysis, and determine acceptability worldwide.MethodsAutocontours of eight normal structures (brain, brainstem, cochleae, eyes, lungs, mandible, parotid glands, and spinal cord) from 128 patients with HNC were retrospectively scored by a dedicated HNC radiation oncologist. Contours from a 10-patient subset were evaluated by five additional radiation oncologists from international partner institutions, and interphysician variability was assessed. Quantitative agreement of autocontours with independently physician-drawn structures was assessed using the Dice similarity coefficient and mean surface and Hausdorff distances. Automated contouring was then implemented clinically and has been used for 166 patients, and contours were quantitatively compared with the physician-edited autocontours using the same metrics.ResultsRetrospectively, 87% of normal structure contours were rated as acceptable for use in dose-volume-histogram–based planning without edit. Upon clinical implementation, 50% of contours were not edited for use in treatment planning. The mean (± standard deviation) Dice similarity coefficient of autocontours compared with physician-edited autocontours for parotid glands (0.92 ± 0.10), brainstem (0.95 ± 0.09), and spinal cord (0.92 ± 0.12) indicate that only minor edits were performed. The average mean surface and Hausdorff distances for all structures were less than 0.15 mm and 1.8 mm, respectively.ConclusionAutomated contouring of normal structures generates reliable contours that require only minimal editing, as judged by retrospective ratings from multiple international centers and clinical integration. Autocontours are acceptable for treatment planning with no or, at most, minor edits, suggesting that automated contouring is feasible for clinical use and in the ongoing development of automated radiation treatment planning algorithms.

First-Year Composition as “Big Data”: Towards Examining Student Revisions at Scale

Abstract Given the central role revision plays in our First-Year Composition (FYC) program and the enormous number of papers students produce each semester across all course sections, we approached student revision as a “big data” phenomenon, assembling a large corpus of student papers and developing software to process them. Unlike past studies of revision which found that students focus almost exclusively on minor edits and surface errors, we found that student revisions primarily involve deleting and, more frequently, inserting complete sentences. After describing our software and reviewing its results, we examine several situational variables that may influence this unanticipated practice, and discuss ways to integrate revision more fully into the writing classroom.

Test Automation for eConnectsâ„¢

Manual testing of systems controlled by a single eConnectâ„¢ requires weeks to complete. With the use of test automation, the time required for testing will be reduced to requiring only a few hours. Test automation is done with the use of Bash scripts. The Bash scripts that were created for test automation include moving map, cabin lights, and a system configuration editor. Some minor edits were made to the previously created Bash scripts such as DVT-Menu. The new Bash scripts are explained in high level detail. The results files from the tests are used to verify that the eConnectâ„¢ meet customer requirements. The results files are also used for traceability.

Correction to: Whole chromosome painting reveals independent origin of sex chromosomes in closely related forms of a fish species.

ere, we report that a paragraph from the "Discussion" section of Cioffi et al. (2011; p. 1070, 4th paragraph of column 1) was transcribed (with only minor edits) from an introductory paragraph previously published in Chromosome Research by O'Meally et al.

In-Home Medication Management Performance Evaluation (HOME–Rx): A Validity Study

This study assessed the initial psychometric properties of a novel in-home, performance-based instrument for older adults called the In-Home Medication Management Performance Evaluation (HOME-Rx). Content validity of the HOME-Rx was determined through the multistep content validity index (CVI) process. Content experts provided qualitative and quantitative judgment of the instrument's ability to measure medication management. The assessment's target population provided qualitative feedback. CVI outcomes informed instrument revisions. Content experts (n = 7) were in agreement that the overall instrument was valid for measuring medication management (scale-level CVI = .95). Six items were deleted because of low agreement (item-level CVI <.80). Twenty-nine minor edits were made to the order of questions and language. Older adult participants (n = 5) reported the instrument was relevant, acceptable, and easy to understand. The HOME-Rx appears to be a relevant and valid method to assess performance barriers to medication management in the home.