Ministry Of Urban Development Research Articles

MUNICIPAL WASTE MANAGEMENT IN TIER-2 CITIES IN NORTHERN INDIA

Public health and environmental concerns, along with the sheer amount of waste being generated, have made managing municipal solid waste (MSWM) a significant task today. Due to institutional and financial constraints, research shows that many urban local bodies (ULBs) in India find it difficult to handle the country's high solid waste loads. ULBs frequently lack the infrastructure, finances, resources, and efficient plans required for improved solid waste management. India faces a number of difficulties in managing its municipal solid waste, including issues with garbage segregation, door-to-door collection, waste treatment technology, land resources, and appropriate disposal techniques. The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change and the Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD) have put in place a number of policies and initiatives to address these issues and enhance the nation's municipal solid waste management (MSWM) system as it is now. The Municipal Solid Waste Management Rules were first released by the Environment Ministry in 2000. They have since been updated and are now known as the Solid Waste Management Rules 2015. To help cities and towns plan and execute efficient MSWM systems in compliance with the 2015 SWM Rules amendment, the MoUD has also created a draft MSWM manual. Due to insufficient enforcement by regulators and a lack of awareness among stakeholders, many policies and programmes frequently fall short of their objectives. This essay provides a comprehensive review of solid waste management and highlights important facets of the policies and initiatives the Indian government has put in place to address the issues in this field.

Gender Analysis and Determinants of Employee Job Satisfaction at Ministry of Urban Development and Infrastructure, Ethiopia

Purpose: Employee job satisfaction is a pre-requisite for an organization. The aim of this study is to analyze the level of job satisfaction & its determinant factors among male and female employees at Ministry of Urban Development and Infrastructure (MUDI).
 Methodology: 245 questionnaires, 62 in-depth & key informants interview were collected from employee for quantitative & qualitative data respectively. The Percentage frequency, multi nominal logistic regression model (MNLRM used for quantitative data analysis and thematic analysis for qualitative data.
 Findings: The study finding result indicated that salary, fringe benefits, promotions with standard criteria, promotion chance for training & education, working environment, clear workflow, co-workers relationship, colleague value the work, evaluation criteria, evaluator approach, recognition & reward were statistically significant P≤ 0.05 and the main determinant factors affecting employee job satisfaction. The Qualitative analysis also supports this Quantitative result. The parameter estimates of MNLRM between sex indicates that male are dissatisfied significantly than female in Salary, fringe benefits, fair promotion chance for training & education. Whereas female were dissatisfied than male in transparent procedure & clear work flow, supervisor value, Co-worker relation, Supervisor evaluation approaches. Among demographic factors, Age (P, 0.000), Education Status (P, 0.001), salary (P, 0.000), Work experience (P, 0.043), work position (P, 0.000) were statistically significance which are ≤0.05 and major factor affecting the level of job satisfaction where as Marital status was not significant in this study.
 Unique Contributions to Theory, Practice and Policy: In Conclusion there is statistical significance difference between male & female employee on the level of job satisfaction at MUDI.

Serce działań publicznych w historycznych miastach: refleksje na temat programu HRIDAY

This article discusses two specific implementations from the Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana, also known as the HRIDAY scheme in India, specifically how they address public spaces in historical cities. HRIDAY (2014-2019) was formulated to provide holistic development and improve infrastructure, mainly in pilgrim towns, under the Ministry of Urban Development, now the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA). The scheme took into consideration the complexity of dealing with entire historic cities. This is especially challenging for local urban bodies focused primarily on the core of a city, i.e. its historic centre. The goal was to revitalise the city’s unique character by “encouraging the development of an aesthetically appealing, accessible, informative and secure environment” (MOUD 2015). However, while the scheme ended, there are still many historic towns and cities across the country that could benefit from reflections and insights from already executed projects. To undertake any further development in line with the scheme, it is imperative to understand its application, specifically in terms of public space typology. HRIDAY primarily addressed the need to foster cultural identity by improving public infrastructure and promoting tourism. The article addresses how public chowks (squares) and market streets benefited from the scheme, basing on secondary sources about two selected cities. Discussion covers additions of sanitation and public conveniences, development of venues for cultural events in existing public space and interventions such as creation of interpretation centres and improvement of paths. These analyses serve as the basis for the formulation of guidelines and theories that could inform future heritage development in sensitive urban spaces in cities and towns across India.

Opportunities for the Socio-Economic Development of "Durana"

Sustainable development of the economy based on growth and territorial development has always been one of the biggest challenges of the central government. Tirana and Durres are two of the largest cities of the Republic of Albania. The expansion of their territorial extent (in some cases formal and in others informal) and the tendency for these two cities to meet brought the need to deal with this situation at the central level. The chaotic constructions, the lack of infrastructure as well as the severe damage to the national natural landscape brought the need to draw up a national strategy for this area. In order to guarantee a sustainable territorial and urban development of this area, the Ministry of Urban Development, in cooperation with the National Territorial Planning Agency, took the initiative to draw up the Intersectional Integrated Plan for the Tirana-Durres area. The main goal of this plan is to create the appropriate infrastructure for a sustainable territorial and economic development. This plan will serve to coordinate and unify local government policies between these areas in order to guarantee the economic, social and environmental development of the region, promoting the economy and improving the environment. At the same time, this strategy will also help as a guarantee for foreign investors and businesses, who are interested in being involved in the further development of the Tirana-Durres metropolitan region. In this paper, some important elements related to the development of this area will be treated, giving a modest contribution to the doctrine of law in Albania.
 
 Received: 05 May 2022 / Accepted: 15 May 2023 / Published: 20 May 2023

A Study on Urban Ethnic Segmentation in Kabul City, Afghanistan

The Pashtun, Tajik, and Hazara ethnic groups, divided into three zones, make up most of the ethnic segments in Kabul, the capital of Afghanistan. However, each ethnic settlement is subdivided into smaller geographical communities. In this research, we want to validate the existence of these ethnic communities and how these communities are valuable to the residents of Kabul city. We also aimed to analyze what facilities the community shares and why it is crucial to consider these communities while redeveloping the informal settlements in Kabul city. We did a literature review on ethnic segmentation, chose a case study in district 13 of Kabul, interviewed the residents and head of the community, and distributed socio-economic questionnaires made by the Ministry of urban development and land Afghanistan in three streets to determine how the ethnicities are subdivided. Ethnicities are divided into smaller sub-ethnic communities based on their migrated rural districts. People live together because of a communal identity known as Qawm. Each community shares a mosque, and to redevelop their areas, they want to be relocated near their current community of ethnicity. Moreover, ethnicity is a significant factor in choosing where to live in Kabul. Hence, the government policymaker must consider the importance of these communities in redeveloping informal settlements.

Building Sustainability in the Urban Environment: An Integration of Road and Water Transportation Systems in Port Harcourt Metropolis

The apparent disconnect of different modes of transport in the Port Harcourt metropolis is causing difficulty in urban mobility among commuters. The study has assessed the integration of road and water transport systems to build a sustainable urban environment in Port Harcourt metropolis, Nigeria. The specific objectives of the study are to identify the road and water infrastructure transport systems in Port Harcourt metropolis and their state of functionality, identify and examine the disconnect existing in the street and water transportation in the study area, identify the challenges facing the integration of road and water transportation in the study, and provide physical planning strategy to achieving the integration of road and water transport systems in the study area. The study adopted a Mixed Methods Research (MMR) approach using a concurrent triangulation research design to obtain the relevant data and information that addressed the study aim and objectives of the study. In addition, the study employed purposive and simple random sampling techniques, including the key informant method. A total of four hundred (400) commuters, fifty (50) each, were interviewed from six (6) major road corridors and two (2) jetties in Port Harcourt City (Aggrey, Trans-Amadi and Olu-Obasanjo Roads) and Obio/Akpor (Akpajo-Elelenwo-Oil Mill, NTA and Agip Roads) and two (2) jetties: Port Harcourt City (Bille/Bonny/Nembe Jetty) and Obio/Akpor (Feltaco Jetty). Some Key informants from the transport sector like the Rivers State Ministry of Transport (RSMT) staff Rivers State Ministry of Urban Development and Physical Planning (RSMUDPP). Others are staff of the Rivers State Transport Company (RTC), National Union of Road Transport Workers (NURTW), Rivers State Marine Transport Company, waterways transport operators, and Town Planners were among those interviewed. The study found potential for integrating road and water transport systems in the study area, and some of the infrastructures are obsolete and lack maintenance, thereby impeding interconnectivity and interlinkage between both systems. The study also revealed that government unwillingness to harness and develop the potential poor urban planning and management, and poor urban governance contribute to the disconnect of the road and water transport systems observed, affecting the quality of life and well-being of residents and poor urban sustainability. Thus, to improve the potentials and challenges identified, the study suggested that the government should develop an integrated transportation policy framework to enhance the integration of road and water transport systems. The government should upgrade and rehabilitate roads and water transportation infrastructure to improve intermodal connectivity and linkages for efficiency and effectiveness in the study area. The Public-Private Partnership approach should be developed and adopted in the planning and management of the transport sector in the study area; develop all waterways within the study area through canalisation and channelisation, and the government should adopt sound governance principles to involve all stakeholders of the transport sector.
 

Zoning and Identifying the Affecting Factors in Premature Death Registration

Zoning and Identifying the Affecting Factors in Premature Death Registration

Enhancing Walkability in Brick & Mortar Retail Markets: Case Study of Chaura Bazar, Ludhiana

Purpose – In success of brick and mortar (B&M) retail markets, pedestrian friendly urban design plays a pivotal role. Variables affecting walkability have significant social, economic and environmental benefits in B&M retail markets. Through qualitative analysis from field and public agency survey, this paper evaluates the walkability index of retail markets in and along, Chaura bazar road, Ludhiana. Design/ methodology/ approach – Safety, Comfort and Convenience are three important pillars for sustainable urban design for pedestrian in B&M retail markets. Multiple methods including Global walking Index (GWI), Pedestrian Environment Data Scan (PEDS) and Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD) are available to measure urban environment related to walking in particular region. For analysis of selected market, GWI method was chosen owing to the fact that it is the best worldwide applicable method to perform walkability qualitative analysis. Findings – Irrespective of the fact that pedestrians are the most important users in B&M retail markets, Walkability Index of study area is 27, which is minimal walkable range. Thus, to increase walkability, it is much needed for architects, planners and policy makers to implement actions to improve safety, comfort and convenience of pedestrian in all potential B&M retail markets. Originality – Walkability is one of the important concepts in urban planning and this paper highlights influencing factors to promote walking in B&M retail market. Indeed, in cities like Ludhiana, huge potential in retail industry is available, thus qualitative analysis of B&M retail markets is needed to attain a sustainable urban environment. Under scope, in terms of walkability, existing markets in Chaura bazar, Ludhiana have been analyzed.

Determinants of per capita water supply in Indian cities with low surface water availability

Rapid urbanization is putting stress on urban water resources. Cities with inadequate surface water resources import water to meet the needs of a rapidly growing population. Water supply in urban areas is frequently held accountable by local administrative bodies across the world. In India, several Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) import water from long distances. Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India, has devised nine Service Level Benchmarks (SLB) indicators to evaluate the performance of ULBs in water supply management. The present study considered 30 million-plus Indian cities with low surface water availability. The data pertaining to the population, surface water availability, and SLB performance were collected for the selected cities. The data were then used to find the effect of eight SLB performance indicators on the per capita water supply (PCS) indicator using correlation matrices and multiple regression, where PCS is considered as the only dependent variable. The findings indicate that coverage of water supply connections (COV), extent of metering of connections (MTR), extent of non-revenue water (NRW), and continuity of water supply (CNT) have considerable effects on the PCS. The study is helpful for the ULBs and Policymakers to understand the association between PCS and other indicators and make the intervention for an effective urban water supply management.

Feasibility of Expandable Polystyrene in the Construction of Housing of Social Interest in the City of Azogues

The lack of decent housing to settle down and have a family is one of the most relevant problems in Ecuador, currently the demographic expansion has made the population look for alternatives that are often limited by the lack of economic resources to acquire a house or apartment, it is thus that housing solutions financed and built by the State are so|ught to reduce the index of homelessness, however the construction costs that arise are high, before which alternatives are sought in terms of the materials of manufacturing, thus, the use of expandable polystyrene (EPS) in civil construction is giving great results in terms of comfort, energy reduction, price and other benefits. That is why the objective of this research work is to analyze the feasibility of the use of EPS in the construction of social housing (VIS) in the city of Azogues - Ecuador, and which are planned by the Ministry of Urban Development and Housing (MIDUVI). For which a bibliographic-documentary research methodology was used with a cross-sectional approach to studies about the use of EPS in construction. The results show that the quality of this material is highly reliable for its use in the construction of houses, so it must be used in the VIS projects executed by MIDUVI, which will generate great benefits for all the actors involved; In conclusion, there are several studies that give credit to the functionality that EPS offers, especially because it offers the possibility of being used with other traditional materials and giving a finished work of high quality in a short time.

Habitability and Hygrothermal Comfort Analysis of Social Housing in Ecuador, Temperate Continental Climatic Zone

Housing sector plays an essential role in the sustainable development of the countries; however, there are significant problems in terms of its ability to access which promotes the occurrence of solutions that guide the housing deficit reduction as well as economic savings and natural resources preservation. One key strategic would be the use of social housing as a mechanism to ensure a decent house accessed by vulnerable population. The general housing design requires satisfying characteristics of indoor environmental comfort, arising the need outlook technical solutions. This research aims to propose functional and hygrothermal improvements for social housing located in a temperate continental climate zone in The Sierra region of Ecuador. The methodology was focused on energy simulations using Design Builder software and comparing the results with the application of passive bioclimatic recommendations. In addition, based on the quantitative housing deficit this research achieves qualitative contributions in order to improve the living conditions of low-income population whose get access to social housing in Ecuador. An experimental case study, located in Azogues a canton of the province of Cañar, has been selected for the simulation analysis which belongs to a housing governmental program named Manuela Espejo promoted by the Ministry of Urban Development and Housing and special designed for people with disabilities. The research has an applicative nature approach, with a sectional scope and explanatory depth, based on primary and secondary information sources; data collection techniques were social perception surveys used to determine comfort levels of the social housing users. The results show, based on the energy simulations carried out, improvements in terms of habitability conditions and an architectural proposal compiles passive bioclimatic recommendations focused on the design of social housing in Ecuador. Therefore, this research contributes to the implementation of new social housing plans that not only would help to reduce the housing deficit, but also contribute to improving the housing indoor environmental comfort perceived by the users.

A Study of Key Factors of Smart City

Smart City is nothing but a vision of a city that will be equipped with basic infrastructure. The urban planners ideally aim at developing the entire urban eco-system which will comprise of institutional, physical, social and economic infrastructure. This research paper has discussed the objectives developed by government of India for Smart Cities mission, they have also specified the challenges which government may face at the time of implementation of smart city mission. Smart city mission is implemented under Ministry of Urban Development. Government of India has already selected 98 cities in all states of India. Through this mission government wants to improve the standard of living for citizens of India. This research paper has study the “Intelligent Community Forum(ICF)”, as an international think tank and Foundation, ICF studies and promotes the best practices of the world's Intelligent Communities as they adapt to the new demands and seize the opportunities presented by information and communications technology (ICT). To help cities and towns build prosperous economies, solve social problems and enrich local cultures, the Intelligent Community Forum conducts research, hosts global events, publishes books, and produces its high-profile annual international awards program. This forum actually represents the smart cities design. ICF has Evaluation of Intelligent Community Forum Awards Program nominations is based on the six Intelligent Community Indicators, which provide the conceptual framework for understanding all of the factors that determine a community's competitiveness and these are six indicators which can be considered as indicators of ideal smart city.

Determination of Level of Service for bus transit using method of successive interval scaling in Mumbai City

Study of commuters’ attitude towards public transport and their perception of existing service quality for different service attribute of public transport have gained immense importance for determining appropriate public transport service level. In this context, level of service (LOS) is identified as a vital tool to measure service quality, as per users’ perception, ranging from LOS A to LOS F which denotes ‘the best’ to ‘worst’ levels. However, the LOS existing benchmarks are defined as per the expert’s judgment. Method of ‘Successive Interval Scaling’ is used to develop LOS values for bus service as per users’ perception which converts ordered categorical scale into an interval scale. Service attributes are selected which are considered important for bus transit and LOS for each attribute is evaluated based on users’ opinion. The results obtained in this study for the city of Mumbai highlights the difference in LOS values between users’ perception and experts’ opinion given by Ministry of Urban Development in India (MoUD), India and the Transit Capacity & Quality of Service Manual (TCQSM).

Determination of fundamental criteria in the selection of a construction system

There is a lack of an efficient systematic approach to the selection of appropriate construction methods for modern building systems. Identifying key criteria is necessary to help decision-makers in implementing the principles of this process. The present article was conduct for the same purpose. In this article, after reviewing of the literature, we found that construction experts’ opinions did not consider until now. Thus, we considered the opinion of experts in the field of the construction industry (Technical and executive specialists of the Afghanistan’s Ministry of Urban Development and Housing, Technical and executive specialists of the Kabul Municipality and Omran Houlding Group). For identifying key criteria, “64” criteria have been extracted that affect the selection of modern building systems and are classified into “six” economic, qualitative, social, environmental, executive and technical groups. A comprehensive study conducted through the distribution of questionnaires. The collected data were analysed using SPSS statistical software; the main criteria ranked by using “Friedman’s statistical test”. Based on the results of statistical tests, 18 criteria were determined and ranked as fundamental criteria. Therefore, paying attention to these criteria for the selection of appropriate construction methods for modern building systems can help experts in the country of Afghanistan.

Towards Developing Sustainable Smart Cities in India

The present paper provides a comprehensive review of frameworks for Sustainable and Smart Cities. The key findings highlight the large gap between the concept of Smart Cities and Environmental Sustainability. We recommend to improve the sustainability quotient by incorporating the use of Information and Communication Technology, thus developing Sustainable Smart Cities. In India, the stipulated guidelines regarding Smart Cities have been proposed by Ministry of Urban Development (MOUD) and 14 environmental indicators have been proposed. The extensive review of literature and the present guidelines demands an urgent need of framework for Sustainable Smart Cities in India. Moreover, the indicators selected must fulfill the criteria for smartness and sustainability. The paper concludes by suggesting a framework comprising of four steps: Indicator selection, Benchmarking, Assigning weights and development of Sustainable Smart Cities Environmental Index by the use of selected indicators. The framework developed in this order ensures the Sustainable Smart Cities appear attainable in India.

Quality assessment of city bus service based on subjective and objective service quality dimensions

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to estimate and compare the service quality of the city bus service measured by two different approaches which are subjective service quality dimensions and objective service quality dimensions. Design/methodology/approach The objective service quality dimensions have been estimated based on the benchmarking technique provided by the Ministry of Urban Development, India. For the analysis of subjective service quality dimensions, a questionnaire survey has been conducted to measure the users’ satisfaction and dissatisfaction about the service. The questionnaire consists of users’ socioeconomic characteristics and 23 questions related to city bus service quality dimensions. Questionnaire data have been analyzed by factor analysis, regression analysis and path analysis to find out the indicators representing subjective service quality dimensions. Finally, the overall service quality of the bus service has been determined based on both the measures. Findings The study indicates that the overall service quality of the bus service is different for subjective and objective analyses. While the objective measures show that the service quality is very good, the subjective measures indicate that the service is not doing well. Research limitations/implications The analysis of the subjective dimensions is complicated. Analysis of the subjective dimensions needed more expertise and resources than the objective analysis. Originality/value In this study, the estimated service quality of the bus service is more reliable than the other methods as it comprises of both operators’ perspective and passengers’ expectations from the service.

A framework to analyse inclusiveness of urban policy

From 2007 onwards, Indian policy planning follows the broad vision of achieving inclusive growth. All sectors of national development align their policy objectives towards this overall vision. Urban policy is one such crucial policy sector oversees by the Ministry of urban development. This paper analyses the urban policy and investigates its impact in achieving inclusive urban growth in India. The traditional methodology of analysing urban policy by utility or output has its own limitations. It only considers summary variables of policy (utility or benefits) but not the situational variation on ground. Further, it cannot quantify the precise time of the change in opportunities or ability occurred over time. So it cannot inform the moment when a policy achieves its objectives. The research employs human capability instead of utility to overcome the present limitations. The analysis methodology is adapted from Professor Amartya Sen's capability approach. Capability approach emphasises a shift in policy analysis from direct assistance to expansion of opportunities and eliminate circumstantial imperfection in governance. The approach aims towards empowering urban citizen, and advancement towards the direction of more self-reliance society.

A REVIEW ON SWACHH BHARAT ABHIYAN

India is a home to 1.21 billion people, about one-sixth of the world’s population. The Prime Minister of India launched the Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) on 2nd October, 2014 to accelerate the efforts to achieve universal sanitation coverage and to put focus on sanitation. It is India's biggest ever cleanliness drive and 3 million government employees and school and college students of India participated in this event. The SBM has two sub-missions, the Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin) and the Swachh Bharat Mission (Urban). Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation is the nodal Ministry for SBM (Gramin) and Ministry of Urban Development is the nodal Ministry for SBM (Urban). The core objectives of SBM are to bring about an improvement in the general quality of life in the rural areas. India clean by October 2, 2019 with core objectives of making the country 100% free from Open Defecation and ensuring 100% Modern and Scientific Municipal Solid Waste Management as a fitting tribute to the 150th Birth Anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi, which in rural areas shall mean improving the levels of cleanliness. Villages are considered "Open Defecation-Free" when no faeces are openly visible and every household and public/community institution uses safe technology to dispose of faeces in such a way that there is no contamination of surface soil, groundwater or surface water; excreta is inaccessible to flies or animals, with no manual handling of fresh excreta; and there are no odour and unsightly conditions. Usually, an "ODF village" declaration is made by the village or Gram Panchayat. As of 2016, 36.7% of rural households and 70.3% of urban households, 48.4% of households overall used improved sanitation facilities as per data of National Family Health Survey 4, which was conducted between January 2015 and December 2016, show. A majority, 51.6%, did not. Household toilet availability has improved from 41.93% 2014 to 63.98% in 2017, and the state of Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim and Kerala have achieved 100% Open Defecation Free (ODF) status as per data of the Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation. Gram Panchayats have self-declared 193,081 villages to be ODF, but 53.9% of these have not been verified, according to the Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation, which is responsible for Swachh Bharat Mission-Gramin, which accounts for 85% of Swachh Bharat Mission's budget. (Data accessed on May 22, 2017). According to the Swachh Survekshan 2017 Report, the top two cleanest cities in India are Indore and Bhopal in Madhya Pradesh while Gonda in Uttar Pradesh is the dirtiest city in India, Every segment of population, from primary school children to elderly persons need to be properly sensitized about inherent linkages of sanitation for public health. Besides roping in the educational institutions, particularly the schools in awareness campaigns, optimum use needs to be made of social media as well as electronic and print media to spread the message to grass root level. Celebrities like Amitabh Bachchan is leading a “Darwaza Bandh” (on open defecation) campaign for SBA. The film Toilet: Ek Prem Katha was released in Indian Cinema in the year of 2017 to improve the sanitation conditions, with an emphasis on the eradication of open defecation, especially in rural areas. Swachh Shakti 2018 is celebrated in Lucknow with 15 thousands women Swachh Bharat Champions resolving to usher in Clean India on International Women’s Day (8th March 2018).

Retaining Ecological Assets in Smart Cities: A Comparative Study of Greenbelts

Year 2015 for India belongs to an era where an urge for being smart has been witnessed, not only for humans but also for the cities. Government of India has made an audacious effort by choosing 100 cities from all over the country and aiming at making them smart. The concept of Smart Cities is in its infant stage. Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD) has come up with strategies to make cities smart. This paper emphasizes on the need to make management of greenbelts a part of Smart City strategy, as they balance the ill effect of urbanization. The paper brings forth a comparative study of Ahmedabad’s greenbelt with the greenbelts of London, Ottawa, Seoul and Chandigarh with special emphasis on their width, percent area with respect to city, Satellite towns, authority ownership, land management and methods of reservation.

Pasighat: The Oldest Town of Arunachal Pradesh

Pasighat is the most well known town of Arunachal Pradesh. Words fall short to define the beauty and the generosity of this town. It is on this place that the British first set foot to conquer Arunachal Pradesh and established administrative centre one hundred year back. Over times, it has sheltered people from different walks of life from outside the state to different tribes of this border state. At present it is the second biggest town of Arunachal Pradesh next to Itanagar. The town celebrated its centenary year in 2011. Besides, on June 2017 it also gets selected for smart city mission after a heartycompetition under the Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India. In this paper an attempt is made to understand the empirical reality of urbanization and related socio-economic changes in the town.