Ministry Of Labour Research Articles

Effectiveness of catch-up and routine program of the 9-valent vaccine on cervical cancer risk reduction in Japan.

In 2013, the national human papillomavirus (HPV) immunization program began. However, in June 2013, Japan's Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (MHLW) announced a "temporary" suspension of its recommendation for the human papillomavirus vaccine. Finally, in November 2021, the MHLW ended its suspension of the recommendation of the HPV vaccine. To address the 9-year gap in HPV vaccinations the suspension had caused, the MHLW conducted a program of catch-up vaccinations from April 2022 to March 2025. Finally, in April 2023, the 9-valent HPV vaccine was approved for both the routine and catch-up vaccination programs in Japan. In this study, we investigated the potential effects of the introduction of the 9-valent vaccine on the increased risk of cervical cancer in females born after fiscal year (FY) 2000. We estimated the lifetime relative risk of cervical cancer incidence and death using the improved routine and catch-up vaccination rates after the recent resumption of the governmental recommendation for women and girls to have the HPV vaccination. These relative risks were calculated using a lifetime risk of 1.000 for cervical cancer incidence and death for females born in FY 1993. We predicted that even if a 90% vaccination rate were to be achieved by FY 2024 with the 9-valent vaccine among women born between FY 2000 and FY 2005, the risk would remain higher than for the vaccination generation. Therefore, for women born between FY 2000 and FY 2005, it will be necessary to significantly improve the cervical cancer screening rate to compensate for this increased risk.

Development of a care management support system for preventing severe disease in elderly people requiring long-term care and enabling their continued living at home: Results of a questionnaire survey to identify assessment items

In Japan, it is common for individual elderly patients requiring long-term care to use multiple home care services in order to continue living at home. However, the details of the services provided and patients’ conditions at the time of care are not shared among the service providers.
 To address this issue, our research team aims to develop a website that collectively manages care information, predicts declines in activities of daily living (ADL) based on artificial intelligence (AI) analysis, and if necessary, automatically sends reports to service providers and the care manager in charge of the patient. 
 The target population of this study are elderly people with care needs living at home, their families, care managers, and home care service providers. 
 This research is being conducted with the cooperation of elderly individuals requiring care and their families, while always listening to the opinions of the parties involved. In developing the web system, we collaborated with a researcher specializing in care management and another researcher specializing in website development.
 This report describes a questionnaire survey conducted to examine the assessment items to be used in a “care management support system for prevention of severe disease and continuation of living at home for elderly people requiring long-term care”, which our research team is working to develop. Firstly, the assessment items presented in “Appropriate care management techniques: Basic care and disease-specific care” published by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare were discussed among the author, co-authors, and care managers who were not the subjects of this study, and 73 assessment items were extracted. For each of the 73 items, a questionnaire was developed asking “How important do you think it is for the elderly requiring care to continue living at home?” Each question was scored on a 5-point scale. Of the 30,631 home care support centers in Japan, 1,000 were randomly selected based on a population-proportional distribution by prefecture and government-designated city. Questionnaires were mailed to a total of 3,000 care managers, three to each center, and 642 valid responses were obtained (valid response rate: 21.4%). 
 Assessment items that the care managers selected as highly important (4.7 points or higher) were “presence or absence of falls”, “status of cognitive impairment if the patient has dementia”, “amount of food intake”, “changes in daily condition”, and “mental and physical statuses of a caregiver (family member)”.
 For the international audience, the development of a “website that predicts declines in ADL based on AI analysis, and if necessary, sends reports to service providers and the care manager in charge of the patient” may provide useful information, as it could be modified to suit the situations in each country and be used effectively in many countries. 
 In the next steps, we plan to conduct interviews with elderly people requiring long-term care, their families, and care managers and determine the data entry items before creating a website and implementing it on a trial basis.

How difficult is it to diagnose and report an occupational disease in a developing country? A modified delphi study

Aim: The roles of occupational medicine specialists are very important in the diagnosis and notification of occupational diseases. In this regard, the opinions of the parties are needed to identify the problems and propose solutions. Methods: This is a Modified Delphi exercise. It was conducted through an online survey in 2 rounds in Turkey between June 4, 2021 and August 31, 2021. The population of the research consists of occupational medicine specialists and sub-branch students in Turkey and some physicians working in the central organizational units of the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Labor and Social Security regarding the diagnosis, registration and notification of occupational diseases. In both rounds, e-mails were sent to 127 people. The survey was sent via , and the response frequency was 27.5% and 18.1% in rounds 1 and 2, respectively. A survey form was created for the second round by evaluating the open-ended information obtained as a result of the first round using the thematic analysis method and making suggestions. This form was sent to participants via e-mail and questions were asked about participation in the proposals in the second round. Proposals with 70% or more participation were accepted unanimously. Results: The most important difficulties regarding the diagnosis and details of occupational diseases are; The lack of a national occupational disease surveillance system, the fact that the current occupational disease diagnosis and summary system is focused on pricing, and the difficulties people experience in diagnosis were determined. Conclusion: In order to increase the reporting of occupational diseases, a surveillance-oriented system should be switched instead of a compensation-based system. In addition, the deficiencies in manpower, financing, technical infrastructure and legislation in the occupational disease reporting system need to be rapidly revised.

RISK-BASED APPROACH WHEN SELECTING PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT FOR WORKERS IN THE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY

With the high risk of injury in the oil industry, worker safety is of paramount importance. Personal protective equipment (PPE) plays a critical role in worker protecting from various occupational hazards.Since September 1, 2023, according to the Order of the Ministry of Labor, uniform standard rules using a risk-based approach when issuing personal protective equipment were introduced,. If previously PPE was issued according to uniform standard rules, now standards drawing up will consist of two stages:- selection based on the employee’s position/profession;- selection based on risks at a given workplace.But how to do this and is the risk-based approach effective? Why is the selection of workwear based on anthropometric data very effective and will reduce the risk of injury and increase performance? By adopting a risk-based approach to the PPE selection process, the quality and safety of work can be significantly improved. This paper examines the benefits of using a risk-based approach and its role in occupational safety when choosing PPE.

HUBUNGAN CARA MENERAN DENGAN KEJADIAN RUPTUR PERINEUM PADA IBU BERSALIN DALAM PERSALINAN KALA II DI PMB DESA SUKASARI KECAMATAN RUMPIN KABUPATEN BOGOR

A tear of the birth canal becomes the second cause of postpartum hemorrhage. Technique straning can affect the occurrence of perineal rupture in mothers who give birth spontaneously. The biggest cause of maternal death is bleeding, which is 30.3% and old partus is the lowest cause at 1.8%, but better treatment is needed so that it does not occur during labor (Ministry of Health, 2018). This study aims to analyze how to straining with incidence of perineal rupture in maternity mothers in Kala II Labor at PMB Sukasari Village, Rumpin District, Bogor Regency. The research method used is an observational analytical with a cross sectional approach. The population in this study was 55 people with a sample of 35 primiparous mothers. This research instrument uses SOP observation sheets for how to run and partograph sheets. Data processing is carried out univariately and bivariately with Chi Square Test with the help of SPSS computer program. The results of the study indicate that there is a relationship how to straining the Valsalva technique and the perineal rupture whith a volue ρ = 0.004 < α = 0.005 indicating that how to straining the valsava technique affects the incidence of perineal rupture. The results of the study concluded that the way of straining can affect the incidence of perineal rupture at the time of labor. It is recommended that pregnant women in the third trimester can learn to straining properly so that there is no perineal rupture at the time of delivery

Simultaneous Determination of Pesticide Residues in Brown Rice Using GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS

This study developed a method that simultaneously detected 283 pesticide residues in brown rice using GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS. In this method, we examined the desirable amount of sodium chloride required for salting out and the SPE cartridge required for clean-up. Pesticide residues from the sample were extracted with acetonitrile using a homogenizer and mixed with salts including anhydrous magnesium, two types of citrate, and sodium chloride. The sample solution of the acetonitrile layer was cleaned up using the GCB/NH2 (200 mg/200 mg, 6 mL) SPE cartridge. The determination method was validated using two concentrations (0.01 and 0.1 μg/g) of 283 pesticides based on the validation guideline of the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare in Japan. Of the 283 pesticides, 250 were detected satisfactorily. In addition, 59 brown rice samples sold in Tokyo were surveyed using the same method. Out of 44 samples, 12 pesticide residues below MRLs were detected. Therefore, this developed method is useful for the simultaneous determination of pesticide residues in brown rice.

Socio Economic Reintegration on the Fit of Migrant Worker Returnees Policy and Process and Life Satisfaction of Ugandan Migrant Worker Returnees from Middle East

Purpose: The current study was undertaken to establish the contribution of socioeconomic reintegration on the fit of migrant worker returnees policy and process and life satisfaction of Ugandan migrant worker returnees from middle east so as to come up with a unified model for improvements in Uganda. Its objectives main objective was to explore the mediating effect of socio economic reintegration on the fit of migrant worker returnees’ policy and process and life satisfaction of Ugandan migrant worker returnees from Middle East.
 Materials and Methods: In an effort to address the set objectives, a cross-sectional survey design which followed both quantitative and qualitative research approaches was adopted. Data was collected from a total quantitative sample of 218 Ugandan migrant worker returnees from Middle East. A qualitative sample of 25 managers of registered labour export companies and ministry officials in Uganda was determined by saturation point approach. The data was analysed at descriptive and inferential level, and later a Path Equation Model was fitted through Structural Equation Modelling in Stata Version 14.0.
 Findings: The results indicated exists a positive relationship on the use of Social Reintegration and life satisfaction of the Uganda migrant returnees (r = 0.397 statistically significant since the associated p – value of 0.000 is less than 0.05 (p< 0.001). Results also showed shows that there exists a positive relationship between returnee policy implementation and social economic reintegration of the Uganda migrant returnees (r = 0.398). This relationship is statistically significant since the associated p – value of 0.000 is less than 0.05 (p < 0.001).
 The study concluded that that sufficient evidence substantiates significant relationship exists between socio economic reintegration and life satisfaction.
 Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Finally, the socio economic reintegration and the other strategies had a total causal effect of 92.8% on life satisfaction. However, the life satisfaction referred to only applied to the current environment which did not promise continued Survival into the future. Given that fact the study has proposed the Sustainable Penchant Socioeconomic Partaking Model (SUPSEP MODEL) which guarantees not only life satisfaction but also sustainability. This, therefore, means that if the new Model is adopted, the migrant worker returnees’ will not only be provided a good life satisfaction for a short period of time but will get it for many years to come. The SUPSEP Model is, henceforth, the current study contribution to knowledge.

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN BALANCED DIET AND FRAILTY IN JAPANESE OLDER ADULTS: THE MODERATING ROLE OF SOCIAL PARTICIPATION

Abstract The association between diet and frailty in older adults may be related to social factors. This study aimed to investigate whether there is an interaction effect between balanced diet and social participation on frailty in older Japanese. Balanced diet was defined as the consumption of more than one meal per day that contained carbohydrates, protein, and fiber. Data were collected from 4,832 community-dwelling older adults aged 65-89 years through self-reported questionnaires (response rate 49.0%). Frailty was measured using the Kihon Checklist developed by the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare. We stratified participants by age (65-74 and 75-89 years) and conducted logistic regression models adjusted for economic status, gender, marital status, living alone, disease, and physical activity. The interaction between dietary diversity and social participation in frailty was also assessed. Results showed that in both age groups, consuming balanced diet was associated with a lower risk of frailty (OR=0.56, 95%CI=0.40–0.79). Lack of social participation was found to be a risk factor for frailty (OR=1.51, 95%CI=1.03–2.21). Furthermore, the interaction between balanced diet and social participation revealed that a combination of lack of social participation and balanced diet was also associated with a lower frailty risk in the 75-89 age group (OR=0.63, 95%CI=0.40–0.99). These findings suggest that balanced diet consumed at least once a day may be beneficial for preventing frailty for older adults, however, social participation should also be taken into consideration for those aged 75-89. This study has some limitations as a cross-sectional study. Longitudinal research is needed.

The Nation’s Commitment in Old Age Insurance for Workers

The existence of a nation is to fulfill multiple needs and wants, that requires the people to work together in order to fulfill their needs – as they could not fulfill it has individually. Thus, based on each person’s skill, each of them has their own tasks and works together to fulfill their needs. This unity is called society or nation. In a sovereign nation framework based on the 1945 Constitution, one of them is to provide social security for every citizen Social security is also stated in the 1948 United Nations Declaration of Human Rights and further emphasized in the International Labour Organizations Convention No. 102/1952. Aligned with those regulations, the Indonesian Parliament (MPR-RI) in TAP No. X/MOR/2001 assigned the President to create the Nasional Social Security System (SJSN) to provide an integrated and comprehensive social security. Indonesia, as a part of the global world, has signed numerous world conventions and must be held accountable in improving the social welfare and protection for its citizens. In the implementation of JHT-SJSN, the findings are: (1) the nation’s commitment has been relatively weak; (2) the regulations have been inconsistent; (3) the regulations have multiple interpretations; and (4) the advocacy and socialization have not been maximised. These findings are interconnected with each other. The first, second, and third findings are based on the same subject, which are Regulation No. 46, No. 60, and the Labour Minister Regulation No. 19/2015, that were cascaded from the SJSN Act. The fourth finding is subject to the efforts of BPJS Ketenagakerjaan. BPJS Ketenagakerjaan must intensify the advocacy and socialization of JHT philosophy and benefits for workers, so that they can age gracefully. BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Management has to create the necessary system and operational procedures.

Making a Brazilian New Deal: Oliveira Vianna and the Transnational Sources of Brazil's Corporatist Experiment

This article explores the legal writings of Brazilian sociologist and jurist Francisco José de Oliveira Vianna to reveal the global context that shaped Brazil's corporatist experiment in the 1930s. From the Labour Ministry, Oliveira Vianna was at the forefront of legal and political debates over how to create corporatist laws and institutions. He was often cast as an authoritarian and retrograde thinker, yet this article looks beyond those categories to examine how his engagement with the US New Deal inserted corporatism into global debates over the role of the state in economic recovery and social welfare.

Immunogenicity and safety of a booster dose of a self-amplifying RNA COVID-19 vaccine (ARCT-154) versus BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine: a double-blind, multicentre, randomised, controlled, phase 3, non-inferiority trial

Licensed mRNA COVID-19 vaccines require booster doses to sustain SARS-CoV-2-specific responses, creating the need for novel, broadly immunogenic vaccines. We aimed to compare the immunogenicity, safety, and tolerability of ARCT-154-a self-amplifying mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 D614G variant-with the BNT162b2 (Comirnaty; Pfizer-BioNTech) mRNA vaccine when administered as a fourth-dose booster. This double-blind, multicentre, randomised, controlled, phase 3, non-inferiority trial, conducted at 11 outpatient clinical sites in Japan, enrolled healthy adults aged at least 18 years who had previously been immunised with two doses of an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine (BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 [Spikevax; Moderna]) followed by a third dose of BNT162b2 at least 3 months before enrolment. Participants were randomly assigned, in a 1:1 ratio using an Interactive Response Technology system with a block size of four, and with stratification by age (18-64 years or ≥65 years) and by interval since last COVID-19 vaccination (<5 months or ≥5 months), to receive either ARCT-154 or BNT162b2 as a fourth-dose booster via deltoid intramuscular injection. Participants and investigators assessing outcomes were masked to group assignment. The primary objective, measured in per-protocol set 1 (consisting of participants with no evidence of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection who received their intended injection according to protocol), was to show that the immune response 28 days after the ARCT-154 vaccine was non-inferior to that of the BNT162b2 vaccine, measured in terms of both pseudovirus neutralising antibody geometric mean titre (GMT) ratios and seroresponse rates against the wild-type Wuhan-Hu-1 strain of SARS-CoV-2. Non-inferiority was declared when the lower limit of the 95% CI of the ARCT-154 to BNT162b2 GMT ratio exceeded 0·67, and when the lower limit for the difference in seroresponse rates exceeded -10%. Key secondary endpoints included the immune response against the omicron BA.4/5 subvariant, which was assessed for non-inferiority and superiority in per-protocol set 1. Safety was assessed in the full analysis set. This study was registered on the Japan Registry for Clinical Trials, jRCT 2071220080, and is ongoing. Between Dec 13, 2022, and Feb 25, 2023, we enrolled and randomly assigned 828 participants to receive ARCT-154 (n=420) or BNT162b2 (n=408) vaccines as a fourth-dose booster. In per-protocol set 1, the GMTs of surrogate neutralising antibodies induced against the Wuhan-Hu-1 SARS-CoV-2 strain in the ARCT-154 group (5641 [95% CI 4321-7363]) were non-inferior to those in the BNT162b2 group (3934 [2993-5169]) when measured at 28 days after boosting, with a GMT ratio of 1·43 (95% CI 1·26-1·63). Seroresponse rates were 65·2% (95% CI 60·2-69·9) in the ARCT-154 group versus 51·6% (46·4-56·8) in the BNT162b2 group, a difference of 13·6% (95% CI 6·8-20·5). GMTs against the omicron BA.4/5 variant on day 29 were 2551 (1687-3859) in the ARCT-154 group and 1958 (1281-2993) in the BNT162b2 group-a GMT ratio of 1·30 (1·07-1·58)-with seroresponse rates of 69·9% (65·0-74·4) and 58·0% (52·8-63·1). Both boosters were equally well tolerated. No treatment-related deaths were reported, nor were there severe or serious adverse events considered to be causally associated related to study vaccination. One serious adverse event, a foot deformity reported in a participant in the BNT162b2 group, was observed but determined not to have a causal relationship to the study vaccination. One severe adverse event, a case of abnormal hepatic function in the ARCT-154 group, was considered to be related to study vaccine. Adverse events of special interest for detection of myocarditis and pericarditis included chest pain (one case in the ARCT-154 group and three cases in the BNT162b2 group) and shortness of breath (two cases in the BNT162b2 group), all of which were considered to have a reasonable possibility of being related to vaccination. Local reactions were reported by 398 (95%) of 420 participants receiving the ARCT-154 vaccine and 395 (97%) of 408 participants receiving the BNT162b2 vaccine, and solicited systemic adverse events by 276 (66%) of those receiving the ARCT-154 vaccine and 255 (63%) of those receiving the BNT162b2 vaccine. Adverse events were mainly mild in severity, occurring and resolving within 3-4 days after vaccination. In adults who had previously received three doses of an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine, immune responses 28 days after an ARCT-154 booster dose were non-inferior to those observed after a BNT162b2 booster dose for the Wuhan-Hu-1 strain of SARS-CoV-2 and superior for the Omicron BA.4/5 variant. Increased immune responses at 28 days might provide increased likelihood of protection against these strains during this period and could also result in longer duration of protection. Further studies will assess the immunogenicity induced against more recent SARS-CoV-2 variants. Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare. For the Japanese translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.

ТРУДОВА ПОЛІТИКА НАЦИСТСЬКОЇ АДМІНІСТРАЦІЇ “ДИСТРИКТУ ГАЛИЧИНА”

The article examines the process of creating the occupying administration on the territory of “District Galicia”, and the structure, powers, and main directions of activity of departments dealing with the issues of mobilization and labor use of local labor resources are highlighted. The role of Nazi officials in campaigns to recruit and transport people to forced labor in the Reich was clarified. The position of the local Nazi leadership periodically did not follow the general political course in the occupied territories due to the career aspirations of certain government officials. It is important to assess the peculiarities of the formation and implementation of personnel policy in the occupation authorities, as the success of the implementation of state policy as a whole depends on human resources. Due to the insufficient number of German employees, the rate of recruitment was low. This led to the need to involve the local population in administrative work, which should have solved the problem according to the Nazi authorities. However, the increase in the number of Ukrainians and Poles in labor departments has exacerbated interethnic conflicts, which directly affected the effectiveness of these authorities, the main criteria of which were indicators of implementation of recruitment and mobilization plans. In addition, the attitude of the local population towards the activities of the occupying authorities has deteriorated due to their repressive and punitive policies. A few months after the establishment of the civil administration, the rate of registration of the working population of the District in workbenches has decreased significantly. These and other factors influenced the spread of protest tendencies among Galician Ukrainians regarding the refusal to go to work in Germany. Particular attention is paid to the assessment of the activities of Fritz Saukel's office and the measures taken by him to accelerate the recruitment of local people with a view to their further deportation to Germany. To improve interdepartmental coordination, a special unit was set up within the Reich Ministry of Labor, the European Employment Service (Europaamt für den Arbeitseinsatz). Structurally, it was divided into five departments, which aimed to help improve the regulation of labor used in all occupied areas of Europe and engaged in management training.

რეცეპტის ინსტიტუტის დანერგვის გამოწვევები საქართველოს ჯანდაცვის ინსტიტუციურ განვითარებაში

Ministry of Labour, Health and Social Affairs realized reform from 1th february till 1th september in 2014 for prescription system implementation. According to these changes pharmaceutical products of second group becamethe prescription medicines. In Georgia, access to and supply Rx medicines is governed by a regulatory framework. Second group drugs are only available to the public when prescribed by doctors on new prescription form N 3. The aim of research is to reveal and evaluate positive and negative sides of new prescription system; to study it, sinfluence on achievement process to drugs. As part of the quantitative research, doctors and pharmacists of the medical institution were interviewed. As part of the qualitative research, in-depth interviews with healthcare experts were conducted. The special questionnaire was designed for each aimed group. The questionnaires consist of open and closed questions. The results of the study revealed the positive aspects of the Prescription Institute: with this reform, the system returned to the logic of normal clinical medicine; The role of the doctor in relation to the patient's pharmacotherapy has been strengthened; The competence of the pharmacist was included in the appropriate framework and the specific skills of selling medicinal products by prescription were developed; The culture of purchasing medicines with prescriptions has been established among the population; At the same time, the results of the research revealed such actual problems that are an obstacle to the introduction of the prescription institute: prescription drugs are sold without a prescription; In the doctor's offices opened next to the pharmacies, the doctor is limited to prescribing only prescriptions; In case of chronic or long-term diseases, patients' access to prescription drugs is complicated; Doctors do not have complete information about the dispensing mode of this or that pharmaceutical product from the pharmacy. Pharmacists talk about the lack of specific skills in prescribing prescriptions: in the case of more than one medicine prescribed on one prescription form, the prescription is cancelled; Prescriptions not certified with a seal are invalid; Incorrectly indicated generic name, inconsistency between generic and trade names, prescription of a combined pharmaceutical product with a generic name prolongs the service of the user; Incorrectly indicated course of treatment, drug release forms, medicinal dose are the cause of misunderstanding; e.g. A pharmacist is prohibited from selling a 10 mg tablet of the same name medicine instead of a specified 5 mg tablet. One of the goals of the reform planned by the Ministry of Health is the correct treatment, the reduction of the share of expenses on medicine and the harm caused by self-medication. It is too early to talk about these achievements within the framework of the conducted research, however, one of the details was revealed that will contribute to the reduction of expenses on medicines, namely: it is necessary to indicate the diagnosis in the prescription according to ACD-10; The doctor's prescription should always be consistent with the diagnosis; The institute of prescriptions should reveal the rationality of the prescription issued by the doctor, compliance with the guidelines, which will partially reduce the costs of medicines. The reform implemented in connection with the restoration and establishment of the Institute of Recipes in Georgia is a step forward. The medical community unequivocally welcomes this change. The competence and authority of the doctor increased; the specific rules for prescribing by a doctor and issuing prescription medication by a pharmacist are gradually being established. Along with the highlighted positive aspects, significant systemic errors and technical flaws are visible. The sale of drugs of the second group without a prescription is an obstacle to the introduction of the Institute of Prescriptions. At this stage, fining the pharmacy cannot solve the problem. The Ministry of Health considers the establishment of an electronic prescription system to eliminate this problem. The current activity of the "pharmacy" doctor also hinders the reform. Access to medicines for patients with chronic diseases is complicated. The existing classification of medicines has flaws. Recommendations Based on the conducted research, the following recommendations were developed: • Improving the administration of the prescription institute implementation process; • Study of the activities of "pharmacy" doctors by the Agency for the Regulation of Medical Activities; • Refinement of regulatory normative base, administration tools; • Revision of the classification of pharmaceutical products and periodically making rational changes taking into account the data of AMEA, WHO, PSUR; • In order to use medicines rationally, it is advisable to introduce a system of electronic prescriptions.

Annual trends of ophthalmic surgeries in Japan’s super-aged society, 2014–2020: a national claims database study

This study aimed to analyze the trends and factors influencing the number of ophthalmic surgeries in Japan using the open data from the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan published by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. We calculated the number of cataract, glaucoma, and vitreoretinal surgeries, categorized by sex, age, and surgical type, for the fiscal years (FY) 2014 to 2020. The number of cataract surgeries remained stable at approximately 1.45 million cases from FY 2014 to 2018, increased to nearly 1.6 million cases in FY 2019, and decreased to 1.45 million cases in FY 2020. Among glaucoma surgeries, surgical treatments were increased 1.8 times over 7 years, from 33,000 to 60,000 cases. Laser treatment remained steady at around 55,000 cases from FY 2014 to 2017 and then increased to approximately 60,000 cases. The number of vitreoretinal surgeries was increased 1.2 times from FY 2014 to 2019, from 120,000 to 140,000, and decreased to 130,000 by FY 2020. Trends in ophthalmic surgeries over the past 7 years may be influenced by population aging, minimally invasive surgery, and the coronavirus disease pandemic. These findings have implications on surgical decision-making and resource allocation.

A Review of Registration and Approval Process of Medical Device in India and Japan

Today, millions of people rely on medical device-based treatment to manage and diagnose a variety of disorders. The regulatory requirements determine the device's quality and safety. Because of the enormous population and the potential severity of the consequences of introducing inferior and dangerous materials to the market, medical device production in India should be regarded seriously. As a result, a legislation including suitable guidelines for rules and regulations is required to monitor the introduction of such devices into public health use. Currently, the regulatory body CDSCO governs device regulation in India, and amendments to the law will give public health safety ensure over time. In Japan, pharmaceutical regulatory affairs are overseen by the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare (MHLW or Koseirodosho in Japanese). Formal authorization and licenses obtained from the MHLW are required for drug marketing in Japan. The regulatory plans are one of the most difficult components of launching a medical device because every medical device is unique. Every significant market, such as India and Japan, has its own specific set of legal requirements. Understanding the critical need for national standardization in order to reduce regulatory burdens, ease commerce, and provide access to innovative technology requires more research.

Algorithm for expert rehabilitation assessment of autism syndrome in children

BACKGROUND: Despite the long-applied international classifications of diseases and disorders, in our country, no approved methodology has been approved for a comprehensive assessment of autism syndrome, considering categorical and dimensional approaches, age of the child, and polymorphism of symptomatology, which creates significant difficulties in diagnosis, determining the complex of rehabilitation measures, and assessing their effectiveness.&#x0D; AIMS: To develop an algorithm for the expert rehabilitation diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) in children with disabilities according to the domains of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF).&#x0D; MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study enrolled children recognized to have a disability for the first time due to autism in the St. Petersburg and Voronezh regions for 2016–2021. Data sources included state statistical reporting forms 7-D (sobes), acts and protocols of examinations, statistical maps, and data obtained from the Federal State Information System “Unified Automated Vertical Integrated Information and Analytical System”. The study is longitudinal and continuous. Analytical, documentary, data excavation, questionnaires, interviewing, statistical methods of research were employed. The methodology of the World Health Organization was used to study the functional profile according to the basic set for children with autism.&#x0D; RESULTS: Data on functioning and life activity limitations of children with autism-related disability were analyzed taking into account the clinical form of autism, age of the child (0–3, 4–7, 8–14, and 15–17 years), and presence of comorbid symptomatology according to the ICD-10 criteria (1992) and IFC domains (2001). The main predictors of the severity of autism manifestations were identified depending on the age of the child: 0–3 years, rates of psychomotor and speech development in epicrisis terms; 4–17 years, degree of deficit of social communication/social interaction; and assessment of limited stereotypical forms of behavior. In children aged 3 years, comorbid symptomatology was also assessed, taking into account the use of psychometric scales and research methods approved in the Russian Federation. Predictors of autism severity were translated into expertly significant domains of the basic set of the ICF for ASDs. Quantitative assessment was performed in a unified format using ICF qualifiers comparable to the system of quantitative assessment adopted in medical and social expertise.&#x0D; CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study allowed us to converge international and domestic standards of assessment of impaired functions and limitations of life activity in autism using the order of the Ministry of Labor of Russia № 585n as a ranking tool to translate the data on the functioning and life activity limitations of children with disability into the ICF determinants. The developed algorithm for expert rehabilitation diagnostics of autism syndrome is an important criterion for expert diagnostics, determining complex rehabilitation measures and evaluating the effectiveness of rehabilitation measures.

Identify adolescents' help-seeking intention on suicide through self- and caregiver's assessments of psychobehavioral problems: deep clustering of the Tokyo TEEN Cohort study

Psychopathological and behavioral problems in adolescence are highly comorbid, making their developmental trajectories complex and unclear partly due to technical limitations. We aimed to classify these trajectories using deep learning and identify predictors of cluster membership. We conducted a population-based cohort study on 3171 adolescents from three Tokyo municipalities, with 2344 pairs of adolescents and caregivers participating at all four timepoints (ages 10, 12, 14, and 16) from 2012 to 2021. Adolescent psychopathological and behavioral problems were assessed by using self-report questionnaires. Both adolescents and caregivers assessed depression/anxiety and psychotic-like experiences. Caregivers assessed obsession/compulsion, dissociation, sociality problem, hyperactivity/inattention, conduct problem, somatic symptom, and withdrawal. Adolescents assessed desire for slimness, self-harm, and suicidal ideation. These trajectories were clustered with variational deep embedding with recurrence, and predictors were explored using multinomial logistic regression. Five clusters were identified: unaffected (60.5%), minimal problems; internalizing (16.2%), persistent or worsening internalizing problems; discrepant (9.9%), subjective problems overlooked by caregivers; externalizing (9.6%), persistent externalizing problems; and severe (3.9%), chronic severe problems across symptoms. Stronger autistic traits and experience of bullying victimization commonly predicted the four "affected" clusters. The discrepant cluster, showing the highest risks for self-harm and suicidal ideation, was predicted by avoiding help-seeking for depression. The severe cluster predictors included maternal smoking during pregnancy, not bullying others, caregiver's psychological distress, and adolescent's dissatisfaction with family. Approximately 40% of adolescents were classified as "affected" clusters. Proactive societal attention is warranted toward adolescents in the discrepant cluster whose suicidality is overlooked and who have difficulty seeking help. Japan Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, and Japan Science and Technology Agency.

Investigation on the accumulation of background and pregnancy outcome information on cases consulted by the Japan Drug Information Institute in Pregnancy.

Since pregnant women are excluded from clinical trials, it is essential to accumulate post-marketing information to evaluate the effects on the fetus of medication use during pregnancy. The Japan Drug Information Institute in Pregnancy (JDIIP) was established at the National Center for Child Health and Development as a Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare project to provide patients with information and conduct follow-up surveys. In this study, we investigated the status of the accumulation of JDIIP consultation cases to identify issues for enhancing clinical information appropriate for use during pregnancy and to examine how information should be collected and provided. In addition, the status of descriptions of Japanese package inserts, which are representative of those used by healthcare professionals as a source of information, was confirmed for medications used by JDIIP consultation cases. The characteristics of the JDIIP consultation cases information were that the contents that needed to be adjusted when evaluating the effects on the fetus of medication use during pregnancy were obtained. In addition, the follow-up rate was 83.1%. However, although the number of consultation facilities has increased, the number of consultations has not, indicating the need to further increase the number. It was found that there is limited information on epidemiological studies of clinical use in Japanese package inserts. To improve clinical information on the appropriate use of medications during pregnancy, it is necessary to accumulate more information in the future, and it is considered necessary to consider new approaches utilizing the JDIIP system.

The Effect of Job Burnout on Generating Organizational Silence - an Analytical Study in the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs

Diagnosing the nature of the correct relationship between the variables studied (functional burnout, organizational silence) for their expected relationships after testing them empirically at the level of the sample studied within the research community. The research was conducted in the Iraqi Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs, and (100) questionnaires were distributed to employees working in the ministry. At the middle and lower organizational levels, the questionnaires were collected and analyzed statistically by adopting the ready-made data package (SPSS V26), using several statistical tools, including the arithmetic mean, median, standard deviation, and confirmatory factor analysis. And social affairs, they feel satisfied with their job, self-confidence, high morale, and willingness to work with vigor and activity. Accordingly, the researcher recommends the ministry continue on the same path of interest in providing a work environment based on cooperation and good communication between it and the workers.

Designing in students’ training in the field of law

According to the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Russian Federation, there is an opinion among leading employers that only 8 % of professional educational organizations graduates are fully prepared to perform their job duties. Modern economy, especially in the stage of import substitution and sanctions, requires a strong and highly qualified competitive employee. Modern vocational education has special requirements, it needs transformation. Professional competencies of modern graduates continue to be the center of attention. Continuous development of techniques and technologies requires mobility, flexibility, and timely actualization from professional education. The study analyzes experience of Law project training of students as a way to increase the demand for law graduates in labor market. The analysis has been conducted on legal specialists training.