Mine Pumping Research Articles

Research on reflux in deep-sea mining pump based on DEM-CFD

The complex circumstances of deep-sea mining result in unexpected accidents. When a pump abruptly stops working during mining in deep seas, several tons of minerals need to be refluxed. The commonly used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method cannot simulate the required reflux because the volume of particles is neglected. However, this parameter can be calculated using Discrete Element Method-computational fluid dynamics (DEM-CFD). Using this method, the movement of particles and the location of the blockage becomes evident. In this study, DEM-CFD was used to simulate the reflux of nodules of diameter d ≤ 10, d ≤ 20, and d ≤ 50 mm with a volume concentration of 8%. The results indicated that particles of diameter d ≤ 50 mm cannot be refluxed and they are likely to accumulate at the junction of the impeller and vanes. Thus, the diameter of the particles needs to be controlled for effective functioning of the lifting pumps, and prevent deep-sea mining accidents.

Effect of Solid-phase Concentration on Cavitation Performance of Deep-sea Mining Pump

Effect of Solid-phase Concentration on Cavitation Performance of Deep-sea Mining Pump

Effect of Different Rotational Speed on the Cavitation of Deep- Sea Mining Pump under Multiphase Flow

According to the phenomenon of cavitation in the deep-sea mining pump and the instability of the pump’s speed, the pump’s cavitation characteristic under different speeds is studied. Based on the theory of multiphase flow and cavitation nucleus, the Euler model and Schnerr-Sauer cavitation model are used to simulate the pump’s steady state of cavitation under different rotational speed. The pressure distribution and gas volume distribution are analyzed as well as the pump’s external characteristics, and it is verified by experimental. The results show that the low pressure and cavitation appears on the inlet of the impeller blade at the pump’s first stage. Along the streamline direction, the pressure increases gradually and the gas disappears. With the rotational speed increases from 960r/min to 2000r/min, the area of the low pressure expands rapidly as well as the cavitation, the efficiency of the pump and the NPSHa drop to 30% and 1.05m respectively, the H adds to 90.89m. The calculation formula of the pump installation height is derived as (21). When the speed is the designed 1450r/min, the pump has the best installation position about 108m under the sea level.

Comparison of the dewatering of underground and open pit coal mine pumping systems in (BCCL), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India

In the pumping system of mines are very important factor which is considered. The purpose of a dewatering system for underground and open pit coal mine is to control ground water levels and to reduce pore water pressure in the ground so dewatering systems are also important part of the both mine activity. It is observed in the response of the average yearly water discharge in the underground and open pit coal mines. It is observed in the response of the average yearly water discharge in the underground and open pit coal mines.

Research on mine pump motor energy saving test system and dynamic loading characteristics

Research on mine pump motor energy saving test system and dynamic loading characteristics

A Kinematic Analysis of Flat Leverage Mechanism of the Fourth Class for Manipulators

Linkwork, in its early applications, consisted mainly of revolute-connected members and was widely used for converting the continuous rotation of a water wheel into a reciprocating motion suited to piston pumps. The piston-cylinder combination at the end of the line represents a prismatic pair, of course, but ahead of this there are only the revolute connections generally associated with linkwork. Agricola’s arrangements show wheel and pump-power source and point of work-fairly close together. Such compactness did not always prevail; link-works of magnificent proportions were also part of the past. A linkwork is a means of power transmission as well as being a motion transformer. Before the introduction of rope transmissions and the now universal electric wire, linkwork was employed for long-distance transmission of power. Gigantic linkages, principally for mine pumping operations, connected water wheels at the riverbank to pumps high up on the hillside.

Whole flow field performance prediction by impeller parameters of centrifugal pumps using support vector regression

The relationship of multiple impeller parameters and performance indices is difficult to describe because of some unknown hydrodynamic phenomena. Modeling of performance indices of the whole flow field from impeller parameters often encounters some challenges, especially lower prediction accuracy in relatively small and large flow points, dependence on designers’ experience and time-consuming designing process. In this work, the least squares support vector regression (LSSVR) method is proposed to predict multiple pump performance indices of the whole flow field. To describe the performance more completely, the powder, the head, and the efficiency indices are chosen as the model outputs. Additionally, to improve the prediction accuracy and reduce the manufacture difficulty, nine impeller parameters and the flow rate are selected as the model inputs. With the LSSVR model, the complex nonlinearity relationship between multiple impeller parameters and performance indices can be described approximately. Moreover, the LSSVR model and the computational fluid dynamics numerical simulation model are applied to predict the powder, the head, and the efficiency of an actual centrifugal mine pump in the whole flow field. Compared with the performance test results, the superiority of the proposed method is demonstrated in terms of more accurate prediction performance and faster designing process.

Assessment of Mine Water Quality Using Heavy Metal Pollution Index in a Coal Mining Area of Damodar River Basin, India.

A total no. of 16 mine water (underground and opencast coal mine pump discharges) samples were collected from East Bokaro coalfield during pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. The concentrations of Fe, Mn, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, As, Se, Al, Cd and Cr were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for the assessment of spatio-temporal variations, source apportionment and heavy metal pollution indexing. The results demonstrated that concentrations of the metals showed significant seasonality and most variables exhibited higher levels in the pre-monsoon season. The principle component analysis for ionic source identification was synthesized into three factors with eigen values cut off at greater than unity and explained about 64.8% of the total variance. The extracted factors seemed to be associated to the geogenic, extensive mining and allied transportation sources of the elements. The heavy metal pollution index (HPI) of the mine water calculated for the individual locations varied from 7.1 to 49.5. Most of the locations fall under low to medium classes of HPI except few locations which are under the influence of surface mining and associated transportation.

Water from abandoned mines as a heat source: practical experiences of open- and closed-loop strategies, United Kingdom

Pilot heat pump systems have been installed at two former collieries in Yorkshire/Derbyshire, England, to extract heat from mine water. The installations represent three fundamental configurations of heat exchanger. At Caphouse Colliery, mine water is pumped through a heat exchanger coupled to a heat pump and then discharged to waste (an open-loop heat exchange system). The system performs with high thermal efficiency, but the drawbacks are: (1) it can only be operated when mine water is being actively pumped from the colliery shaft for the purposes of regional water-level management, and (2) the fact that the water is partially oxygenated means that iron oxyhydroxide precipitation occurs, necessitating regular removal of filters for cleaning. At Markham Colliery, near Bolsover, a small amount of mine water is pumped from depth in a flooded shaft, circulated through a heat exchanger coupled to a heat pump and then returned to the same mine shaft at a slightly different depth (a standing column arrangement). This system’s fundamental thermal efficiency is negatively impacted by the electrical power required to run the shaft submersible pump, but clogging issues are not significant. In the third system, at Caphouse, a heat exchanger is submerged in a mine water treatment pond (a closed-loop system). This can be run at any time, irrespective of mine pumping regime, and being a closed-loop system, is not susceptible to clogging issues.

Геолого-гідрогеологічна історія розвитку вугільної промисловості Західного Донбасу в математичних моделях.

Constantly operating mathematical model it regional, multifunction hydrogeological task. A model limits in space and endless in time. General description of technogenic changes of the mode of underwaters it is the main flaw. Based on this for development of nature protection measures to the hydrogeological orientation a regime model cannot be only foundation. Therefore it is complemented by the mathematical models of territories that fit closely to the local objects of technogenic influence on underwaters. In hired the mathematical models of change of hydrogeological terms of territory are examined in the affected of the mine pumping zone A model consists of two parts - lauter and migratory. Filtration in a general view is described by three-dimensional equalizations of mathematical physics of parabolic kind in partials. Three theories - filtration, physical and chemical hydrodynamics of porous environments and mining holes fixed in basis of creation of mathematical models of change of hydrogeological terms of territories. On the basis of theory of physical and chemical hydrodynamics of porous environments the modern methods of prognosis of transfer of substance were worked out underground to waters near-by the sources of contamination. In obedience to this theory processes are described by equalizations of motion and maintenance of mass of substance. These territories fit closely to the technogenic objects of negative influence on underwaters. Sequence of putting into the operation of coal mines, their lowering action, closing variants mining holes on mathematical models represented in a chronological order on the basis of theory of single and interactive mining holes. Adequacy of models and originals is confirmed by regime supervisions on mining holes in the affected of the mine pumping zone. Conducting work it is possible to draw conclusion that the theory of mining holes is applicable at the decision of tasks of the mine pumping. At influence of pumping on adherent territories in the process of exploitation and in connection with closing of mines.Constantly operating mathematical model it regional, multifunction hydrogeological task. A model limits in space and endless in time. General description of technogenic changes of the mode of underwaters it is the main flaw. Based on this for development of nature protection measures to the hydrogeological orientation a regime model cannot be only foundation. Therefore it is complemented by the mathematical models of territories that fit closely to the local objects of technogenic influence on underwaters. In hired the mathematical models of change of hydrogeological terms of territory are examined in the affected of the mine pumping zone A model consists of two parts - lauter and migratory. Filtration in a general view is described by three-dimensional equalizations of mathematical physics of parabolic kind in partials. Three theories - filtration, physical and chemical hydrodynamics of porous environments and mining holes fixed in basis of creation of mathematical models of change of hydrogeological terms of territories. On the basis of theory of physical and chemical hydrodynamics of porous environments the modern methods of prognosis of transfer of substance were worked out underground to waters near-by the sources of contamination. In obedience to this theory processes are described by equalizations of motion and maintenance of mass of substance. These territories fit closely to the technogenic objects of negative influence on underwaters. Sequence of putting into the operation of coal mines, their lowering action, closing variants mining holes on mathematical models represented in a chronological order on the basis of theory of single and interactive mining holes. Adequacy of models and originals is confirmed by regime supervisions on mining holes in the affected of the mine pumping zone. Conducting work it is possible to draw conclusion that the theory of mining holes is applicable at the decision of tasks of the mine pumping. At influence of pumping on adherent territories in the process of exploitation and in connection with closing of mines.Keywords: mathematical model, theory of wells, regime observations, adequacy, theory of mining, underground waters.

Design and verification of Cyber-Physical Systems using TrueTime, evolutionary optimization and UPPAAL

Timing imperfections in Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) components affect their performance and reliability. This investigation presents a methodology to design and verify CPS using multi-objective evolutionary optimization, model checking and supporting software tools. The time-varying delays in CPS are modeled as constant delays plus jitter. It is shown that the CPS design problem is a trade-off between performance and jitter margin. To make good trade-offs, this investigation models the design problem as a constrained multi-objective optimization problem. The design algorithm results in a non-linear and multi-objective optimization problem that is generally difficult to solve. To overcome this computation barrier, this investigation uses the evolutionary algorithm Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA II). Solution of the optimization problem computes the proportional integral and derivative controller gains that simultaneously maximize the jitter margin while improving the system performance. Implementing the CPS controller in embedded platform requires the selection and validation of the process schedules as well as network protocols. To validate the CPS design, the computed controller gains are simulated in TrueTime to verify the performance for a given network protocol and processor scheduling policy. Three scheduling policies are considered due to their appropriateness for use with temporal imperfections: fixed priority, earliest deadline first and deadline monotonic. Finally, to verify the CPS for timing guarantees, a timed-automata model is used that defines the timing interfaces among the components. The formal model is then used to verify CPS response time and properties such as safety using computation tree logic in UPPAAL model checker. The proposed CPS design and verification approach is illustrated on an industrial mine pump example. Our results demonstrate that the proposed approach can be used to design and validate CPS for performance and verify timing guarantees. The proposed method provides a systematic design and verification approach that can be used for deployments of CPS in industries.

Thomas Newcomen (1664–1729) and the first recorded steam engine

Some 300 years ago in the UK there was a growing need for mine pumping beyond the power available from wind, water and animals. Steady development in the scientific study of such things as steam showed the way ahead and, sometime after 1700, Thomas Newcomen made the breakthrough in developing a viable steam engine. Through the Baptist network, Newcomen, who was a Dartmouth businessman, installed an engine to drain a mine in Dudley in the West Midlands and this was widely reported. Over the next 20 years, a further 100 engines were built, including 11 on the continent. Despite being extremely inefficient, the engine prospered where steam pumping of water was vital to industrial development, before John Smeaton and James Watt turned their scientific minds to improving the efficiency, initially doubling and trebling the earlier performance. While these engineers had a truly wonderful intuitive understanding of steam and vacuum, it was many years before thermodynamics evolved to explain the reasons for their success. This paper traces the development of steam engines from 1712 towards 1800 and allows a better appreciation of the achievements of engineers in that period and how they laid the foundations for steam engines to power the Industrial Revolution.

To the question of definition of a deflection and pressing of non-rigid propeller shaft

The paper considers the impact of weight and cutting forces on deflection and pressing of the non-rigid part — propeller shaft. The analysis of literature sources in the field of kinematics and dynamics of the process of turning by the cup tools was conducted.The purpose of the work was stated as a result of the analysis. The purpose of this paper is to derive a mathematical expression of the dependence of deflection and pressing values of the non-rigid shaft on its own weight and cutting forces.The propeller shaft of the mine pump was selected as the object of research. The design of the propeller shaft is characterized as non-rigid. Therefore, it was the object of further researches.To derive the mathematical expression of shaft deflection under its own weight, the weight was considered as a uniformly distributed load.Differential equation of Euler-Bernoulli was used in order to solve this problem. In the process of turning, round tool under the influence of feed moves along the workpiece and presses on it in every particular point. The Vereshchagin’s method was used to derive the mathematical expression of shaft deflection from the cutting force.The results obtained in this work can be applied to the process of turning of all non-rigid shafts by the round cup tool.The mathematical expressions of deflection of the propeller shaft under its own weight and its pressing by the cutting forces allow optimizing the process of turning and improving the accuracy and quality of processing.

Mine Pump Control System Based on KJD30Z Industrial Control Computer

With the increase of mining depth, the condition of underground water gushing becomes more complicated and uncertain; thus, the traditional pump control program cannot meet all the needs of safety production in coal mines. To this condition, the automatic pump control system based on KJD30Z mine intrinsically safe industrial control computer has been put forward, and pump automatic control system is formed. The automatic control of pump turn-on, turn-off and shift are realized according to the change of water bunker level. And so the real-time monitor of underground pump station from ground centralized control, In this way, better communication and alarm function can be formed, which is also quite helpful for the reliability of drainage system and the operation of economy.

The dynamic measurement uncertainty evaluation on coal mine pump performance testing systems

In view of applying the static measurement theory to evaluate the measurement uncertainty of a testing system, this paper develops a comprehensive coal mine pump performance testing system based on virtual instruments, and applies unascertained theory to evaluate the system's dynamic measurement uncertainty. Compared with the traditional measurement uncertainty of A kind and B kind, this method is without the limitation of the direct measurement, and the question condition and the evaluation better fit reality.

Nonlinear Analysis Based on Experiments of the Rotation Shaft System of Mine Drainage Motor and Pump

The experimental study results show that the system’s nonlinear characteristics, incluing the dynamic responses of the poincare mapping, the bifurcation plots, three-dimensional waterfalls diagrams etc. The effects factors of system experiment are studied and analyzed, including the misalignment and the rub-impact stiffness on system responses. So, the faults characteristics of the misalignment and the rub-impact of the rotation shaft-mechanical seal system on the drainge motor and drainge pump are also gained by the experiment. The dynamic performance of the system show nonlinear characteristics in different working conditions. The rotating shaft-mechanical seal system on the drainge motor and drainge pump can be optimization design and performance prediction based on the studied results of our work. The experiment’s results show that: the multiple frequencies are produced of the rotating shaft-mechanical seal system on drainge motor and drainge pump, and the frequencies of 1-time and 2-time are dominating components under the exciting force effects of misalignment and imbalance. At the fault state of misalignment coupling rub-impact, the multiple frequencies including 2-time, 3-time, 4-time and so on, will be induced under the critical speed. Over the value of the critical speed, will cause the phenomenon of frequency demultiplication and chaos. With rub-impact stiffness value increased, the phenomenon of frequency demultiplication and chaos are induced more frequently; with the degree of misalignment increased, the phenomena of chaos will decrease and the system will tend to be the stable state.

The Measurement and Verification of the Combined Impact of Energy Efficiency and Load Shifting on Mine Pumping Projects

ABSTRACT Service level adjustments are essential to keep measurement and verification project baselines “updated” with the actual service level that a system provides. In the case of a DSM load shift project on a mine pumping system, it is standard procedure to use a service level adjustment based on daily kWh neutrality. The case study discussed in this article showed that the project achieved impacts in the order of 12.9 MW when the baseline was adjusted in this manner. This approach, however, rested on the assumption that system efficiencies remained unchanged since the DSM intervention was only supposed to shift the system load to other time-of-use periods outside the evening peak period. However, it was found that system efficiency did change by almost 13 percent in this project's case. A service level adjustment approach was consequently required that linked the baseline energy use to the actual service level of the system, which was the daily volume of water pumped out of the mine. The utilization ...

English

Spreadsheets were used for predicting stream salinities in the Yampa River watershed. The concentration of total dissolved solids (TDS) represents salinity. The spreadsheets calculate TDS at 22 locations by summing the flow- weighted TDS values upstream from each point. The flow-weighted TDS values were compiled from publicly available monitoring data and from predicted future mining inputs. This spreadsheet method provides only a rough prediction of TDS concentrations because it does not precisely account for non-mining sources like irrigation and municipal runoff. Also, significant error is introduced by the differences in sampling times between locations. Spreadsheets were developed for eight different scenarios with various combinations of moisture conditions (precipitation), season (flow), and pumping of underground mine water to the surface. Calculated TDS values were posted on a GIS map of the watershed for visualizing mining impacts along stream segments. The eight scenarios for the spreadsheets predict the largest percentage increase in TDS occurs when there is uncontrolled mine pumping in a relatively dry year during low seasonal stream flow.

Induction in the Timed Interval Calculus

The Timed Interval Calculus, a timed-trace formalism based on set theory, is introduced. It is extended with an induction law and a unit for concatenation, which facilitates the proof of properties over trace histories. The effectiveness of the extended Timed Interval Calculus is demonstrated via a benchmark case study, the mine pump. Specifically, a safety property relating to the operation of a mine shaft is proved, based on an implementation of the mine pump and assumptions about the environment of the mine.

Analysis of Scheduling Behaviour using Generic Timed Automata

A method for dynamic, automated analysis of the behaviour of real-time programs under different scheduling algorithms is presented. Each scheduling algorithm is defined by a generic timed automaton which can be instantiated with data for a particular set of tasks. The resulting network of instantiated timed automata can be analysed automatically in the model-checker Uppaal, to ensure correctness properties are satisfied. Various scheduling metrics can also be calculated. We assume that data such as worst case execution times, periods, deadlines and priorities have been pre-calculated for each task. In this paper we present generic specifications for uniprocessor scheduling using the immediate ceiling priority protocol (ICPP) and the earliest-deadline-first (EDF) algorithm and analyse the behaviour of a mine pump controller implemented in Ada95 under each scheduling algorithm.