Mining Business Research Articles

High Political Costs: Private Political Donations in the 2018 East Kalimantan Regional Election

This study examines the misuse of private political donations in the 2018 regional head elections in East Kalimantan. The high political cost of patron-client relationships, where entrepreneurs act as patrons and candidates act as clients, motivates this study. The study aims to investigate political influence in the 2018 regional head elections in East Kalimantan. It employes a literature review, utilizing secondary data from journals, national survey results, and government publications relevant to the research problem. The findings indicate that concerning the issuance of mining business permits (IUP), there is political influence in the regional head elections in East Kalimantan. In 2017, the number of IUP were 1,194. This number increased to 1,404 from 2018 to 2020. Out of these, 428 IUPs have not yet been certified as Clean and Clear (C n C), and 160 are classified as illegal mining.

Lora Based Coal Mine Safety Monitoring and Security System Using Smart Helmet

The process of removing coal from the earth is called coal mining. Coal is used as fuel by the steel and cement industries to extract iron from iron ore and to make cement. The category that includes the underground mining business includes all factors that require routine monitoring, including methane gas, high temperatures, fire accidents, and so on. The safe production level of coal mines is still low, and frequent tragedies there result in significant losses of life and property. It is crucial to keep an eye on the working conditions in coal mines since the variety of work done there and the complexity of the mine environment are the main causes of disasters. The coal mine based on LoRa Long-Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) technology is used by the Safety Monitoring and Security System to improve security and safety in coal mines. This system incorporates cutting-edge sensors to continuously monitor the surrounding environment, gas concentrations, and worker welfare. LoRa enables seamless communication and quick identification of potential risks because to its long range capabilities.

Corporate Social Responsibility in Mining Companies: Regulation and Business Role in Indonesia

This study aims to examine the role of mining business actors concerning community development in Indonesia from a regulatory perspective related to corporate social responsibility (CSR) programs. This research used qualitative methodologies using interviews and literature reviews were used. Mining companies share the common objective of profitability with other business sectors. However, CSR program within companies mandates that mining companies play a developmental role as community agents in the vicinity of their operations. In Indonesia, the national ideology of Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution, serves as the highest legal document, which firmly establishes that mining resources are under the control of the state. These resources are used to achieve social justice for all Indonesians through equitable development carried out by companies. This study explores CSR programs in the Indonesian mining sector by conducting a special role regulated by the ideology and constitution of the nation.
 Keywords: CSR, regulation, mining companies

THE IMPACT OF MINING EXCAVATIONS (VOIDS) ON THE WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE NORTH KALIMANTAN PROVINCE

The presence of a coal mining business permit not only has an economic impact but can also cause environmental problems. The objectives of this research are (1) to analyze the impact of PT XXX's overflowing voids on water management and water quality, and (2) to carry out spatial analysis, mapping and estimation of coal reserves that cannot be extracted by PT YYY. The research method is a case study selected by purposive sampling at two companies in North Kalimantan Province using water quality test analysis with grab sampling and estimating the potential loss of coal reserves using the rule of gradual changes and rule of nearest point methods as well as aerial photography. The research results show that in general the water use meets Class 3, namely: Water that can be used for cultivating freshwater fish, animal husbandry, water for irrigating crops, and/or other uses that require the same water quality as that use. Apart from that, PT XXX has built an overflow water channel into the PT YYY area without management approval, thus having a negative impact on PT YYY's mining plans which are dominated by peat land. Map of PT YYY's lost coal potential of 714,688 MT with an affected area of 15.16 hectares with details of 6.4 ha being the void area included in PT YYY's IUP area, 1.86 ha being the road and buffer zone area and 6.9 ha is a potential lost area of PT YYY.

Analisis pelaksanaan pemungutan Pajak Bumi Dan Bangunan Perdesaan dan Perkotaan (PBB-P2) berdasarkan Peraturan Bupati No 18 Tahun 2014 di Kecamatan Pasan Kabupaten Minahasa Tenggara

Rural and Urban Sector Land and Building Tax (PBB-P2) is a tax on land and/or buildings except for areas used for plantations, forestry and mining business activities. PBB-P2 collection covers the entirSe process of registering, collecting data and assessing tax objects as well as determining, receiving payments, collecting and reporting receipts. This research aims to find out how the Land and Building Tax Collection (PBB-P2) is implemented based on Regent Regulation No. 18 of 2014 in Pasan District, Southeast Minahasa Regency. The method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive analysis method, where observations and interviews are carried out. Based on the results of existing research, it can be seen that in Pasan District, Land and Building Tax Collection (PBB-P2) has been implemented in accordance with applicable regulations, namely Regent's Regulation No. 18 of 2014 starting from registration, data collection, assessment, determination, payment, billing and recording of receipt.

Impact of Nominee Agreement on Mining Business Entities Against the Welfare of the People

This study delves into the regulation of foreign share ownership and the prohibition of nominee agreements in the establishment of mineral and coal mining entities in Indonesia, aiming to ensure legal certainty and promote the welfare of the people, as mandated by Article 33 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution. Employing three legal theories—basic legal values (Gustav Radbruch), legal system theory (Lawrence Friedman), and the welfare state—the research method incorporates both normative juridical and empirical juridical approaches. The findings reveal that nominee agreements, though legally questionable under Article 1320 of the Civil Code, serve as a means for foreign investors to secure their interests in Indonesian mining ventures. An Environmental Analysis of Law (EAL) employing the Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) method indicates a positive impact on the welfare of communities in Morowali and Kutai Kartanegara regencies due to these agreements. Proposing an ius constituent approach, the study advocates for relaxed foreign ownership regulations, allowing up to 51% ownership during the initial establishment period, accompanied by a mandatory divestment to 49% after ten years of exploration. Such a policy shift obviates the need for nominee agreements, ensuring both investment security and legal clarity. Supervisory mechanisms are recommended to oversee divestment and reinvestment processes, ensuring equitable distribution of mining dividends and bolstering legal certainty in mining operations. These proposed regulatory adjustments are envisioned to foster equitable resource management, thereby advancing the welfare of the Indonesian populace, particularly in Morowali and Kutai Kartanegara regencies.

Study of Stock Ownership Nominee Agreement in Mining Business to People’s Welfare That Is Aligned for Sustainable Development Goals

The goal for Limitation of Foreign Stock’s ownership to protect natural resources in Indonesia is not yet optimal because of the existence of nominee agreement. Which is a form of law smuggling. So natural resources that should be benefiting for Indonesia people’s welfare, in reality it is enjoyed by Foreign Investor. This research is a normatif juridical research using secondary data and doing inductive analysis. From the result of the research is concluded that law smuggling in stock ownership nominee agreement prohibition in mining field is still exist because there is no monitoring, control, field observation, evaluation and law enforcement for nominee agreement practices in mineral and coal mining up to beneficial ownership in establishment and operational of mineral and coal mining business. Therefore it is needed to make a regulation to monitor, supervise and doing law enforcement by The Energy and Mineral Resources Ministry (ESDM) through Monitoring, Conrolling, Field Observation and Evaluation System (P3LE) towards stock ownership nominee agreement practices in mining business so that the management of natural resources can be benefitting for poeple’s welfare and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is achieved.

Enhancing value creation of operational management for small to medium manufacturer: A conceptual data-driven analytical system

This paper aims to explore the challenges and opportunities for Small and Medium-sized Manufacturing Enterprises (SMMEs) in implementing data-driven techniques in their operations. SMMEs are often considered to be low and medium–low tech companies, even if they have machinery, as they still rely on traditional processes and manpower and lack any digital technology. Previous research has shown that medium–high and high-tech companies perform better, with higher rates of growth, than low and medium–low ones by a sustainable and significant margin. Therefore, there is a need for further research on the implementation of data-driven analytical methods and technologies in SMMEs that are both cost-effective and easy to use. This study proposes a conceptual analytical system that combines Integration Definition for Function Modeling 0 (IDEF0) and the Cross Industry Standard Process for Data Mining (CRISP-DM) business analytics method to develop a practical and widely applicable framework for data-driven techniques in manufacturing. We then developed a case study of an Indonesian company, where we collected real and direct information about specific objects, events, and activities related to particular aspects, including showing their key performance indicators (KPIs) through data dashboards, to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed conceptual analytical system in improving operational management in SMMEs. The findings of this study provide valuable insights that can be used to develop effective solutions for SMMEs to leverage data-driven techniques and improve their operations. We also highlight implications of the findings for future research and practical applications. The final framework can be converted into a system that can be continuously and flexibly updated and customized, based on specific needs.

Implementing Spatial Planning Based on Environmental Sustainability in the Mining Area

Implementing Spatial Planning Based on Environmental Sustainability in the Mining Area

Examining the Sustainability Report, Financial Performance, and Value of Mining Companies in Indonesia

This study employs a quantitative approach to explore the intricate interplay among Sustainability Reports, Financial Performance (measured by Return on Assets - ROA), and Firm Value (quantified by Tobin's Q) in Indonesia's dynamic mining industry. Employing purposive sampling, data from 75 samples encompassing 25 mining businesses listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) is examined over the 2020-2022 period. Utilizing statistical analysis, the study employs the Partial Least Squares (PLS) data processing application for partial regression analysis. The findings highlight a substantial and favorable impact of Sustainability Reports on Firm Value, underscoring the growing acknowledgment within Indonesian mining firms of the pivotal role played by both financial and non-financial disclosures. Intriguingly, the study uncovers that Financial Performance, as gauged by ROA, lacks a discernible influence on Firm Value. This nuanced insight suggests a shifting landscape where stakeholders increasingly prioritize comprehensive reporting beyond conventional financial metrics. The research sheds light on the evolving nature of the Indonesian mining sector, emphasizing companies' recognition of the significance of transparent reporting practices. These revelations align with global sustainable development goals, emphasizing the central role played by mining companies in advancing these objectives. In navigating this complex dynamic, the study underscores the crucial role of Sustainability Reports in shaping perceptions and values of mining firms in Indonesia.

Weak Constitutional Obedience Regarding the Extension of PT Freeport Indonesia's Business License with the United States in 2023

The statement outlines the chronology and implications of PT Freeport Indonesia's business license extension in the context of the Indonesian constitution. In 2017, the government issued a Special Mining Business License (IUPK) to PT Freeport, replacing the Contract of Work, with the aim of enabling continued mining operations in Papua. However, this extension raises questions about compatibility with the constitution, particularly in terms of state sovereignty over natural resources and environmental protection. Discussions also covered the legal consequences related to divestment of shares and the timing of the license extension. The meeting between President Jokowi and Freeport's CEO was also highlighted, highlighting potential rule violations related to the license extension. This statement emphasizes the importance of considering constitutional principles, including state sovereignty, environmental protection, and community welfare, in the regulation of PT Freeport's business license extension.

Phytoremediation of Hexavalent Chromium Using Aquatic Plants in Nickel Mine Waste

The abundant wealth that Indonesia has is very profitable. Wealth is not only from natural resources, but wealth or biodiversity is also able to make Indonesia an independent country in managing its environment. One of the varieties that can be utilized is the existence of aquatic plants that can be used in the restoration of polluted environments. The ability of plants to recover from pollutants is called phytoremediation. Hexavalent chromium/ Cr(IV) is a hazardous waste originating from the washing of ore/open pit waste from rainwater washing. The quality standard allowed for Cr (IV), according to the Minister of Environment Regulation No. 9 of 2006, concerning the Quality Standard of Wastewater for Nickel Ore Mining Businesses and/or Activities is 0.1 mg/L. Besides being used to reduce pollutant loads, this aquatic plant can also provide aesthetic value because it has a very beautiful shape, type, color, and flowers. The purpose of this research is to find out which plants can be used to reduce hexavalent chromium levels. Variations of aquatic plants that can reduce levels of hexavalent chromium which are harmful to living things include water hyacinth/Eichornia crassipes; water hyacinth; Kayambang/ Salvinia Cucullata; Kiambang/ Apu Wood/ Pistia Stratiotes; Hydrilla verticillata; Water Bamboo/Equisetum hyemale; Water spinach / Ipomoea Aquatica; and Sagittaria lancifolia. This aquatic plant can reduce Cr (IV) up to 99.5%. The ability of these aquatic plants not only to reduce Cr (IV) but also to reduce TSS, BOD, and COD and to neutralize pH. The combination of several aquatic plants also provides a high effectiveness value.

Legal Certainty-Based Implementation of Exploration and Exploitation Authorization Permits in Iron Sand Mines

Iron sand mining in the Dedalpak Block began in 2009 where the authority to grant mining permits ranging from mining business permits (IUP) exploration to mining business permits (IUP) for production operations was issued by the Regent of East Lombok by adhering to article 37 of Law Number 4 of 2009. However, with the enactment of Law Number 32 of 2014 Challenging Regional Governments, the authority of the iron sand mining permit was taken by the NTB Provincial Government, then with the presence of Law Number 3 of 2020 the authority for iron sand mining business licenses by PT. AMG was taken over by the Centre. In its implementation, iron sand mining by PT. AMG with the enactment of Law Number 3 of 2020 has a significant impact on the mining licensing process for iron sand production in the Dedalpak block of East Lombok, where the central government through the Director General of Energy and Mineral Resources requires thirteen conditions so that the IUP for production operations can be obtained by PT. AMG. The company, however, has not been able to meet five requirements, so its license was suspended. Another impact, the community in the Dedalpak block circle resisted by going to race through a series of protests for the mining to be closed, because it caused a large environmental impact.

Determining The Contract Service Strategy at Coal Terminal Maintenance to Address Contractor’s Inability to Maintain Availability of Fixed Plants in Supporting Shipments Activities at PTKPC a Case Study PTKPC, East Kutai, East Kalimantan, Indonesia

PTKPC, a coal producer, was facing challenges due to a permit transition in December 2021 from Coal Mining Contract of Work (PKP2B) to Special Mining Business License (IUPK). This change increases operational costs with added royalty rates, value-added tax, and profit-sharing obligations. To address this issue, the company decided to streamline contractors in each department in all business units, consolidating various tasks under one umbrella contract. The goal is to provide a big volume of work, potentially lowering rates and reducing PTKPC’s operational costs. However, relying on a single contractor for crucial operations, as seen in the Coal Terminal Maintenance Department (CTMD), introduces risks. The sole contract winner, PTPB, struggles to meet obligations since the contract’s initiation on December 1, 2021. The average contract fulfillment since commencement date is 86% of 100% desired target, disrupting fixed plant Coal Terminal maintenance activities. Physical availability is 93%, below the 94% target, increasing CTMD’s maintenance costs by $0.059 per ton. This research seeks to identify the root causes of PTPB’s inability to fulfill contractual duties and explore alternative solutions. and then from all the existing alternatives, what is the best alternative in responding to this condition. Utilizing primary and secondary data from PTPB’s monthly proforma invoices, contract scope, and CTMD’s monthly reports, the research employs methodologies like problem tree analysis and stakeholder analysis to unravel business complexities and identify root cause of the problems. Qualitative data collection methods, including focused group discussions (FGD) and semi-structured interviews, will be used to determine alternatives. These alternatives will be assessed using the Value-Focused Thinking (VFT) methodology. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methodology, assisted by the AHP Super Decision application, will determine the best alternative: the “Implementation of Warnings and Penalties to PTPB”. Implementing this alternative demonstrates PTKPC’s commitment to stakeholders, ensuring contractor accountability without disrupting fixed plant maintenance. Penalty funds will support CTMD’s financial viability, funding additional resources for tasks beyond PTPB’s capacity. This strategy may be applied to other contracts within PTKPC.

The ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE ROLE OF ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT, WORK ENGAGEMENT ON THE SUCCESS OF THE MH02 DRIVING MONITORING SYSTEM IN COAL MINING

Purpose: This research proposes to examine the role of organizational support ,wprk engagement between and MH02 technology in coal mining
 Design/methodology/approach: The quantitative research technique is referred to as the research method. The target of this research is PT. Pamapersada Nusantara, and the research sample, which consists of 279 respondents, refers to the structural equational modelling model
 Findings: The findings demonstrated that the respondents believed that each and every hypothesis had been confirmed.
 Research limitations/implications: This study only focused on analyzing the relationship between the role of organizational support and work engagement which is linked to the successful implementation of the MH02 driving monitoring system technology in coal mining. Other factors, such as performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, are not explored in depth. It is important for future research to investigate these additional factors and their potential impact on job performance at Pamapersada Nusantara. Despite these limitations, this research contributes to the understanding of factors influencing work performance in the mining industry and provides insights for practitioners to develop effective interventions to improve work performance among employees.
 Practical implications: The managerial implications of this research are that companies can increase job satisfaction and work engagement, improve employee performance, achieve their goals, and gain competitive advantage. To support this, PAMA management facilitates the implementation of MH02 technology at the site BRCB (Berau coal site Binungan). This technology is really needed so that incidents and fatigue symptoms can be reduced and detected earlier, so that with reduced incidents the company's performance will increase..
 Originality/value: This report originates from research conducted inside a single mining business
 Paper type: Research paper
 
 Keyword: Organizational support, Work engagement, Driving monitoring system, User satisfaction, Net benefit

Pacific Island Countries Supporting Papua to Separate from Indonesia: Where Does the U.S. Stand?

Pacific Island Countries, such as Vanuatu, the Solomon Islands, and Tuvalu, have been supporting the separatist movement in Papua, Indonesia. There have been suspicions that great power countries, for example the U.S., are behind them. The research finds out that the U.S. is against the idea of separating Papua from Indonesia because the entailed instability and insecurity will badly affect its mining business in Papua, represented by Freeport. However, by using foreign policy and proxy war framework, this research manages to explain that there is a possibility of a proxy war between the U.S. and China for dominance in the Pacific Islands Region. They ram Indonesia against Pacific Island Countries, with the separatism issue of Papua as the focal point. This research uses a qualitative method, which is suitable for analyzing social and political phenomena. The research data is obtained from secondary data, such as research reports, articles, and publications about the separatism movement in Papua

Ketentuan Pemberian Izin Usaha Penambangan Nikel berdasarkan Undang-Undang Tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup dan Implementasinya di Kabupaten Konawe Kepulauan Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara

ABSTRACT Every individual has the right to enjoy physical and mental well-being, have decent housing, and live in a healthy environment in accordance with the 1945 Constitution. The right to protect and preserve nature has been regulated by laws oriented toward the interests of nature. The importance of nature lies in the obligation to preserve it. Despite Indonesia, especially Southeast Sulawesi, being rich in mineral resources such as nickel, the management of natural resources must comply with environmental laws and regulations. Coastal areas and small islands, including Wawonii Island, need to be preserved. However, the granting of mining permits on Wawonii Island has previously resulted in negative impacts on the local environment and community. The nickel mining company, PT Gema Kreasi Perdana (PT GKP), resumed operations on Wawonii Island in 2018, creating controversy by violating regulations, such as the prohibition of mineral mining on small islands that could harm the environment and surrounding communities. The local government of Konawe Regency issued a Regional Regulation (Perda) supporting mining activities, despite conflicting with higher legal regulations. The impacts of PT GKP's activities, such as water pollution, have led to a clean water crisis, forcing residents to buy bottled water. Residents filed a lawsuit in the Administrative Court (PTUN) Kendari, and the Supreme Court (MA) annulled the Regional Regulation supporting mining on Wawonii Island. Nevertheless, PT GKP filed a judicial review against Law No. 27/2007, which prohibits mining activities on small islands. This research aims to analyze the provisions for granting nickel mining business permits in the coastal areas of Konawe Regency based on the Environmental Protection and Management Law. Additionally, the study aims to analyze criminal accountability for damage to water sources on the coastal areas due to nickel mining activities, based on the Environmental Protection and Management Law. The research results are expected to contribute both theoretically and practically. Theoretically, the research is expected to contribute to scientific knowledge, especially in the context of granting mining permits on small islands. Practically, the research findings are expected to serve as a foundation for local governments, mining companies, and communities to understand and address the environmental damage resulting from nickel mining activities in Konawe Regency.

Optimizing mineral identification for sustainable resource extraction through hybrid deep learning enabled FinTech model

Mineral extraction and use are vital to the world economy and industrial and energy industries. Environmental implications and the limited nature of many mineral resources have made mineral extraction sustainability a major issue. Deep learning and FinTech have provided creative answers to these problems in recent years. This presentation discusses the consequences of using deep learning-enabled FinTech solutions to identify minerals for sustainable natural resource extraction and use. Quantized deep learning for mineral identification during mining, using the widely used EfficientDet architecture, is proposed in this paper. We present a post-training quantization approach for the EfficientDet model that minimizes its size and complexity without compromising performance. We tested model efficiency with 8-bit and symmetric quantization. We also compare the quantized EfficientDet model to the floating-point model using a custom mineral dataset. The prescribed dataset gave the pre-train EfficientDet model 0.78 precision and 0.65 recall. The suggested model had 0.97 accuracy and 0.89 recall on the provided datasets. The suggested model is 99.5% accurate. Our results show that integrated FinTech technologies have enabled innovative financial models for ecologically friendly mineral extraction. By assessing environmental and social risks, FinTech platforms have helped investors assess mining project profitability. Investors may use this data to make informed judgments about sustainable development and ethical mining. Deep learning and FinTech mineral identification affects responsible natural resource development. These advancements enable environmentally and socially friendly mining. Data-driven insights and financial transparency can help the global mining business become more sustainable and responsible.

Regional Government Authority Regarding Mineral and Coal Mining Business Licenses in Indonesia based on Law Number 3 of 2020

Abstract Mineral and Coal Mining, which is a source of state income, is specifically regulated in Law Number 3 of 2020, which is a new regulation on mineral and coal mining. The purpose of this research is to review the issue of mining business permits which previously belonged to the district or city regional government which later became the authority of the central government, namely Article 35 Paragraph (1). This research uses a normative legal approach through library research with legal literature and documents. The results of this research show that the authority of regional governments in managing mining in their regions is given limitations because in carrying out management there are many problems that arise when regional governments, especially district/city regional governments, issue mining business permits, such as corruption and overlapping business permits so that district governments With the enactment of this law, cities do not have any authority, while the provincial government has the authority to grant permits related to mining which is delegated by the central government. Keywords: Authority, Licensing, mineral and coal mining, Abstrak Pertambangan Mineral dan Batubara yang menjadi salah satu sumber pendapatan negara secara khusus di atur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 3 Tahun 2020 yang merupakan regulasi baru pertambangan mineral dan batubara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meninjau mengenai persoalan izin usaha pertambangan yang sebelumnya berada pada pemerintah daerah kabupaten/kota yang kemudian menjadi kewenangan pemerintah pusat yaitu Pasal 35 Ayat (1). Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan hukum normatif melalui studi pustaka dengan literatur dan dokumen hukum. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa kewenangan dari pemerintah daerah dalam mengelola pertambangan didaerahnya diberikan batasan-batasan karena dalam melakukan pengelolaan terdapat banyak masalah yang muncul ketika pemerintah daerah khususnya pemerintah daerah kabupaten/kota yang memiliki wewenang untuk mengeluarkan izin usaha pertambangan seperti korupsi dan tumpang tindih izin usaha sehingga pemerintah kabupaten/kota dengan berlakunya undang-undang ini tidak memiliki kewenangan apapun, sedangkan pemerintah provinsi memiliki kewenangan pemberian izin terkait pertambangan yang didelegasikan oleh pemerintah pusat. Kata Kunci: Wewenang, Perizinan, Pertambangan Mineral dan Batubara,

RANCANGAN SEQUENCE PENAMBANGAN PADA BLOK A4 PT. ADHI KARTIKO PRATAMA DESA LAMERURU KECAMATAN LANGGIKIMA KABUPATEN KONAWE UTARA PROVINSI SULAWESI TENGGARA


 Adhi Kartiko Pratama is a private company which operates in the nickel mining sector and has a Mining Business License covering an area of 1975 Ha. To maintain the company's production, currently PT. AKP plans to open a new mining location in Front Block A, especially in Sub Block A4, with a production target of 100,000 tons per month. This research aims to design a mining sequence based on production targets in Block A4. The design created is an estimated ore distribution. Minable reserves based on the mining pit limit design in Block A4 are 466,383.36 bcm with a total tonnage of 769,532.54 tons with an average Ni content of 1.76%, and including mining recovery parameters of 90%, it is 419,745, 02 bcm and a tonnage of 692,579.29 tons with an average Ni content of 1.74%, then the estimated mine life in Block A4 PT. Adhi Kartiko Pratama will last approximately 6 months. Based on the production target in Block A4, the mining sequence design is divided into 6 stages carried out using a level plan system or following excavation levels, where mining will start from topography with the highest level of 180 meters above sea level to topography with the lowest level of 135 meters above sea level.