Minimum Time Cost Research Articles

Preliminary Survey Analysis on Food Choices among Randomly Selected Social Media Users amidst COVID-19 Pandemic in Nigeria

A survey on food choices with a randomized sample population of individuals using various social media in Nigeria was conducted during the COVID1-19 pandemic. The data generated was subjected to basic standard statistical analysis. The parameters indicated that 94% of the population is young adults, 58.9 % percent are city dwellers, 63.6% are students, 23.4 % are into business, 86.9% are graduates; 73.8% consume various diets, 23.4% are vegetarians and only 2.8% fed only on proteins, 30.8% of them go on two meals per day. The most choices on influence on food purchases decision are hunger (26.2%), mood (26.2%), past experience (45.8%), quality of the food products (66.7%), cost of the food products (50.5%) and government approval (28%). Also,other most preferred choices are for self-prepared food (40.21%), enhanced local diets (36 %), and a blend of foreign and local diets purchases (24%). Other highest choices include: easy preparation (37.4%), shelf life (29%); cute packaging (23.4%), swelling property preference (20.6%), minimal cooking time and energy preference (37.4%). The weighted sum, index and rank on factors influencing food choices showed that the influence of quality of food product ranked highest, followed by influence on cost. Also preference for enhanced local healthy diets to foreign ranked highest, minimal cooking time and energy costs ranked highest. These nutritional adaptations have implications to individuals, food scientists, manufacturers in the food industry, food regulatory agencies, government and other decision bodies.

A Mathematical Model for the Routing Optimization Problem with Time Window

Abstract This paper establishes a mathematical model for the routing optimization problem. Then, the model is solved by a genetic algorithm. Finally, to verify the proposed method, a case study is carried out. According to the results, the proposed model and algorithm can be used to solve the problem and obtain the optimal vehicle route with minimum time cost and travel distance.

Design and Development of a Rendering System for Vehicle Riding

This paper propounds the design and development of a web-based system for a car rental company. It enables admin to rent a car that can be used by a customer on a payment basis. The car information can be added to the system or existing car information can be edited or deleted too by the administrator. The GSM/GPS based content alert for car rental system making the car available for every common man with a minimum cost and effective use of time, Therefore, this application helps the customers to be comfortable and to have the privacy ride as traveling became the part of life. This system makes processing tasks easier and eliminates the traditional record-keeping process. Hence this system enhances the car and customer management and provides customer satisfaction thereby maintaining customer retention.

SOME ASPECTS OF MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF ELECTRIC STEEL MELTING PROCESS

The article discusses some aspects of mathematical modeling of the process of melting electric steel on the basis of innovative metallurgical technologies. It was noted that the production of electric steel mainly consists of three stages - preparation of the charge, melting and casting of liquid steel. The most important of these stages is the mathematical modeling of the melting process, especially the physicochemical processes that take place during melting. All physicochemical processes controlled in order to obtain the required chemical composition of electric steel for modeling are combined into two main groups, such as metal refining and alloying. Possibilities of mathematical modeling of electric steel melting processes have been identified: to successfully solve different types of problems without conducting pro¬duc¬tion experiments; to ensure optimal modes of melting in specific production conditions. The problems to be solved by mathematical modeling have been identified: con¬struc¬tion of a model for specific conditions that allow to achieve the required value of any parameter of the solution; possibility to purchase electric steel in specific conditions; minimum cost of material, time, labor and energy and required chemical composition, temperature and mass melting of steel; automatic control of all parameters of the solution. To solve these problems, the characteristics of static, dynamic and mixed mathematical models have been identified. It has been shown that a deterministic mathematical model can be applied to a system of equations expressing the functional relationships between the parameters of the solution and the factors affecting them. The mixed mathematical model includes equations expressing functional correlations. This model is actually a deterministic static model. Depending on the problem, the expediency of using appropriate models in the melting of electric steel is justified. In general, the creation of a mathematical model of melting processes of electric steel includes: dividing the melting into elementary physicochemical processes within the limits of each period, ie decomposing the melting process; to give a quantitative description of each elementary process, ie to describe the process mathematically; write a mathematical model of each cycle of melting by combining the quantitative characteristics of the parameters and elementary processes controlled on the basis of the equations of material and heat balances; to obtain a mathematical model of the solution as a whole by combining mathematical models of different periods. As an example of the application of mathematical modeling in electroplating processes, the amount of pores formed during the steel melting process in the main braided electric arc furnace was calculated using scrap metal. Keywords: electroplating steel, mathematical modeling, static model, dynamic model, deterministic model, mixed model, functional relationships.

Ice winter roads and crossings work evaluation in the regions of the Far North

This article evaluates the work of ice winter roads and ice crossings on the roads of the Far North. An analysis is made of the transport and performance characteristics of seasonal routes and their impact on the transport network and socio-economic development of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Limiting development factors and priority areas for improving the transport network of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and the transport hub of the Arctic zone of the Far Eastern Federal District is identified, which is a strategically important issue in making managerial and geopolitical decisions. The purpose of the study of seasonal traffic routes on roads is to form a database for the subsequent increase in transport accessibility in the regions of the Far North and the formation of a stable, ensuring uninterrupted transport connection in the transport hub of the Arctic zone of the Far Eastern Federal District. The transport link will make it possible to freely pass traffic flows on sections of roads with seasonal communication routes with minimal transport and time costs. The objectives of this study are to assess the operation of ice winter roads and crossings, identify constraints to development and identify priority areas for the development of the transport network. The road network of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is the central transport hub in the Arctic zone of the Far Eastern Federal District with access to neighboring regions (Krasnoyarsk Territory, Irkutsk Region, Amur Region, Magadan Region, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug) through which transit freight and passenger transportation are carried out. The uninterrupted functioning of traffic flows both within the republic and transit flows of neighboring entities in the republic is limited in the off-season, due to seasonal routes of communication. During transitional periods, the movement of vehicles is suspended on approximately 70 % of the roads of the republic. The considered options for the development of the transport network of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and the transport hub of the Far Eastern Federal District should take into account the seasonality of transport links and the specifics of the region. The targets specified in the Strategy for the Development of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation and Ensuring National Security until 2035, taking into account the specifics of the region, will achieve the development of trunk and transit roads in the Arctic zone of the Far Eastern Federal District and the Russian Federation as a whole.

ITA: The Improved Throttled Algorithm of Load Balancing on Cloud Computing

Cloud computing makes the information technology industry boom. It is a great solution for businesses who want to save costs while ensuring the quality of service. One of the key issues that make cloud computing successful is the load balancing technique used in the load balancer to minimize time costs and optimize costs economically. This paper proposes an algorithm to enhance the processing time of tasks so that it can help improve the load balancing capacity on cloud computing. This algorithm, named as Improved Throttled Algorithm (ITA), is an improvement of Throttled Algorithm. The paper uses the Cloud Analyst tool to simulate. The selected algorithms are used to compare: Equally Load, Round Robin, Throttled and TMA. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm ITA has improved the processing time of tasks, time spent processing requests and reduced the cost of Datacenters compared to the selected popular algorithms as above. The improvement of ITA is because of selecting virtual machines in an index table that is available but in order of priority. It helps response times and processing times remain stable, limits the idling resources, and cloud costs are minimized compared to selected algorithms.

Adaptive Authentication Protocol Based on Zero-Knowledge Proof

Authentication protocols are expanding their application scope in wireless information systems, among which are low-orbit satellite communication systems (LOSCS) for the OneWeb space Internet, automatic object identification systems using RFID, the Internet of Things, intelligent transportation systems (ITS), Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET). This is due to the fact that authentication protocols effectively resist a number of attacks on wireless data transmission channels in these systems. The main disadvantage of most authentication protocols is the use of symmetric and asymmetric encryption systems to ensure high cryptographic strength. As a result, there is a problem in delivering keys to the sides of the prover and the verifier. At the same time, compromising of keys will lead to a decrease in the level of protection of the transmitted data. Zero-knowledge authentication protocols (ZKAP) are able to eliminate this disadvantage. However, most of these protocols use multiple rounds to authenticate the prover. Therefore, ZKAP, which has minimal time costs, is developed in the article. A scheme for adapting protocol parameters has been developed in this protocol to increase its efficiency. Reductions in the level of confidentiality allow us to reduce the time spent on the execution of the authentication protocol. This increases the volume of information traffic. At the same time, an increase in the confidentiality of the protocol entails an increase in the time needed for authentication of the prover, which reduces the volume of information traffic. The FPGA Artix-7 xc7a12ticsg325-1L was used to estimate the time spent implementing the adaptive ZKAP protocol. Testing was performed for 32- and 64-bit adaptive authentication protocols.

A Path Planning Method with Perception Optimization Based on Sky Scanning for UAVs.

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are frequently adopted in disaster management. The vision they provide is extremely valuable for rescuers. However, they face severe problems in their stability in actual disaster scenarios, as the images captured by the on-board sensors cannot consistently give enough information for deep learning models to make accurate decisions. In many cases, UAVs have to capture multiple images from different views to output final recognition results. In this paper, we desire to formulate the fly path task for UAVs, considering the actual perception needs. A convolutional neural networks (CNNs) model is proposed to detect and localize the objects, such as the buildings, as well as an optimization method to find the optimal flying path to accurately recognize as many objects as possible with a minimum time cost. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method is effective and efficient, and can address the actual scene understanding and path planning problems for UAVs in the real world well.

Study on the application of BP neural network optimized based on various optimization algorithms in storm surge prediction

Storm surge prediction is of great importance to disaster prevention and mitigation. In this study, four optimization algorithms including genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), beetle antenna search (BAS), and beetle swarm optimization (BSO) are used to optimize the back propagation neural network (BPNN), and four optimized BPNNs for storm surge prediction are proposed and applied to Yulin station and Xiuying station at Hainan, China. The optimal model parameter combination is determined by trail-and-error method for the best prediction performance. Comparisons with the single BPNN indicate that storm surge can be efficiently predicted using the optimized BPNNs. BPNN optimized by BSO has the minimum prediction error, and BPNN optimized by BAS has the minimum time cost to reduce unit prediction error.

Cost-Effective MAB Approaches for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Aided Millimeter Wave Relaying

Recently, reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) relaying is suggested as a talented technology for extending the millimeter wave (mmWave) coverage. However, finding out the best RIS relay maximizing the achievable data rate is a too time-consuming process due to the beamforming training (BT) procedure needed for adjusting the antenna phase shifts (PSs) of both mmWave base station (BS) and the probed RIS relay. Thus, finding out the best RIS relay with the minimum BT time cost seems challenging. In this paper, a cost-effective online learning approach is proposed by means of multi-armed bandit (MAB) hypothesis to address this problem. In this context, two MAB schemes with time-cost efficiency, MAB-CE1, and MAB-CE2, are proposed. In MAB-CE1, the BT time cost of selecting the RIS relay is included in the exploitation term of the MAB algorithm. However, in MAB-CE2, lower and upper confidence bounds (LCB, UCB) values of the expected RISs’ achievable spectral efficiencies are utilized to support the selection of the RIS relay characterized by the minimum BT time cost. Numerical analysis shows the superior performance of the proposed cost-effective MAB schemes for RIS mmWave relaying over other benchmarks in terms of BT time cost and the achievable throughput.

ATS: A Novel Time-Sharing CPU Scheduling Algorithm Based on Features Similarities

Minimizing time cost in time-shared operating systems is considered basic and essential task, and it is the most significant goal for the researchers who interested in CPU scheduling algorithms. Waiting time, turnaround time, and number of context switches are the most time cost criteria used to compare between CPU scheduling algorithms. CPU scheduling algorithms are divided into non-preemptive and preemptive. Round Robin (RR) algorithm is the most famous as it is the basis for all the algorithms used in time-sharing. In this paper, the authors proposed a novel CPU scheduling algorithm based on RR. The proposed algorithm is called Adjustable Time Slice (ATS). It reduces the time cost by taking the advantage of the low overhead of RR algorithm. In addition, ATS favors short processes allowing them to run longer time than given to long processes. The specific characteristics of each process are; its CPU execution time, weight, time slice, and number of context switches. ATS clusters the processes in groups depending on these characteristics. The traditional RR assigns fixed time slice for each process. On the other hand, dynamic variants of RR assign time slice for each process differs from other processes. The essential difference between ATS and the other methods is that it gives a set of processes a specific time based on their similarities within the same cluster. The authors compared between ATS with five popular scheduling algorithms on nine datasets of processes. The datasets used in the comparison vary in their features. The evaluation was measured in term of time cost and the experiments showed that the proposed algorithm reduces the time cost.

Тестування веб-ресурсів на інклюзивність: аудит для реінжинірингу

The website testing for determining of inclusive for users with different disabilities, like people who are blind or hard of hearing, might give an information of web content throe special programs and devices for reading or accessible formats of web content is proposed. The analyze of requirements to make web portals into account of theirs accessible for people with disabilities in the countries of Europe and Ukraine is done. The aspects of the main international documents are having standards and requirements for web accessibility are considered.The most important criteria with which to build the scenario of web testing into account of the Ukrainian requirements of developing or reengineering of official websites are described. The results of web testing for inclusive for the concrete fourth web sites are given in the table, the initial recommendations of design reengineering for each of web sites are formulated. The advisability of using the proposed testing for a preliminary complex analyze of the amount of reengineering or upgrading a website to basic design and functionality to increase inclusiveness is shown. The main positive sides of the proposed testing are formulated: the ability of the project sponsor or average Internet user to check web resources for inclusive with minimal technical, time and financial costs. It is concluded that the proposed website testing into account of the main inclusive’s criteria determines the direction of reengineering for developers, another words how to expanse and improve website’s functionality, at the stage of maintenance for the website, makes additional use case units at the stage of design to increase the quality of the output product, identifies the level of technological stress with the psychophysiological effects on humans, and thus provides an opportunity to choose web content for a lot of people which are ordinary users of the Internet space.

Ensuring the competitiveness of engineering products at the early stages of development

To implement the principle "do it right the first time", a three-stage model for choosing the technical and operational indicators of machine-building products is proposed when drawing up a technical task for development. In the developed model, the pre-selected technical and operational indicators of the product in three stages are sequentially corrected according to the results of a comparative assessment of it with competitors according to such integral criteria as economic effectiveness in operation, quality coefficient, competitiveness coefficient. The proposed model allows to increase the competitive position of the designed model in the selected market segments with minimal time and material costs from the early stages of its life cycle. Keywords: product, development, economic effectiveness, quality, competitiveness, assessment, automobile. faskhiev@mail.ru

Game Theoretic Approach to Multi-Agent Transportation Problems on Network

In this paper, we consider a network game where players are multi-agent systems (we call them in this paper "coalitions") under the condition that the trajectories of players (coalitions) should (have no common arcs, or have no common vertices) i. e. must not intersect. In the same time the trajectories of players inside coalition can intersect (have common arcs,or have common vertices). The last condition complicates the problem, since the sets of strategies turn out to be mutually dependent. A family of Nash equilibrium is constructed and it is also shown that the minimum total time (cost) of players is achieved in a strategy profile that is a Nash equilibrium. A cooperative approach to solving the problem is proposed. Also, another cooperative mini maximal approach to solving the problem is investigated. We also consider the proportional solution and the Shapley value to allocate total minimal costs between players. Two approaches for constructing the characteristic function have been developed.

Optimal Size of a Smart Ultra-Fast Charging Station

An ever-increasing penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) on the roads inevitably leads to an ever-stringent need for an adequate charging infrastructure. The emerging ultra-fast charging (UFC) technology has the potential to provide a refueling experience similar to that of gasoline vehicles; hence, it has a key role in enabling the adoption of EVs for medium-long distance travels. From the perspective of the UFC station, the differences existing in the EVs currently on the market make the sizing problem more challenging. A suitably conceived charging strategy can help to address these concerns. In this paper, we present a smart charging station concept that, through a modular DC/DC stage design, allows the split of the output power among the different charging ports. We model the issue of finding the optimal charging station as a single-objective optimization problem, where the goal is to find the number of modular shared DC/DC converters, and where the power rate of each module ensures the minimum charging time and charging cost. Simulation results show that the proposed solution could significantly reduce the required installed power. In particular, they prove that with an installed power of 800 kW it is possible to satisfy the needs of a UFC station composed of 10 charging spots.

Simulation of the electron beam welding process of a bimetallic ring by means of ANSYS

The article is devoted to modeling the process of electron beam welding in the manufacture of electric motors with a bimetallic ring used in biofuel preparation reactors. The main problem at the current stage of production is the choice of the technological mode of welding and the repeatability of the result. In this work, the authors simulate the welding of electric motors with a bimetallic ring under various technological modes in the ANSYS simulation environment in the process of electron beam welding. The result of the work will be a graphical representation of the temperature distribution on the surface of the product at various values of the technological parameters (electron beam current, welding speed and welding process time). Today, the choice of modes for a new technological process is carried out experimentally, which entails high material costs. The approach proposed by the authors allows, with minimal time and material costs, to select a technological mode for welding products from new alloys.

Igniting Inquiry: Development and Implementation of a Novel Journal Club Curriculum in an Emergency Medicine Residency.

The journal club is a long-standing pillar of medical education and medical practice, although its components and format are quite variable. In addition, selecting literature for discussion must strike a delicate balance between reviewing seminal and durable articles with that of emerging evidence, all while complementing a residency curriculum. Although the critical appraisal of literature is a fundamental skill of the practicing physician, a universal curriculum has not yet been optimized to facilitate journal club. We sought to design and implement a comprehensive, complementary, and evidence-based journal club curriculum that was modular in design, reproducible, and effective at generating participation. Our novel curricular design incorporates many evidence-based components, including optimizing the learning environment, providing ease of access to resources, and using educational methodology that immerses learners in the experience in a structured manner. In addition, the curriculum complements, but does not duplicate, the core residency curriculum. In 2020, we analyzed our data, using descriptive and comparative statistical methods. We demonstrated significant improvement in common metrics used to analyze the efficacy of the journal club, including attendance and participation. Significant improvements were seen in both resident and attending participation. Our design methods used resources easily available to our residency program and commonly available to others, with minimal time and resource cost. Further study is required to measure long-term educational outcomes.

Multi-objective scheduling of relief logistics based on swarm intelligence algorithms and spatio-temporal traffic flow

Emergency supplies scheduling needs to consider the state of the demanders, and reasonably scheduling and resource allocation are the heart of efficient rescue. Taking rescue time, scheduling cost and demanders’ satisfaction as goals, in this paper, an emergency supplies scheduling model based on multi-objective optimization was proposed to provide a wealth of decision-making information. Then four multi-objective optimization algorithms are employed to obtain the optimal set of scheduling models. In addition, we design the minimum time cost model and the shortest route cost model by considering the change of the road network status. The extensive simulation experiments are conducted on a real urban traffic dataset. The experimental results show that the two cost models can serve different scheduling needs and provide efficient scheduling for emergency supplies.

Проведение трехфакторного эксперимента по сверхвысокочастотной микронизации зерновых кормов

To obtain the most reliable information about the object of research with minimal time and financial costs, it is necessary to search for a rational sequence of data collection on the characteristics of micronization of grain feeds. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in conducting experimental studies of UHF micronization of grain feeds. (Materials and methods) The article presents a full factor experiment as the method of planning and conducting the experiment, this method serves to find the optimal conditions and rules of processes occurring during ultrahigh-frequency processing of grain feed raw materials. Micronization was carried out in the developed installation, which provides the addition of magnetron powers to reduce the cost of the installation and the operating costs of micronization. Authors conducted experiments on feed barley of the second production class. During the experiment there was used the grain moisture meter "Fauna-M", ultra-high-frequency magnetron generators 1 kW Daewoo M 218 and caliper ShTs-1. (Results and discussion) A complete three-factor experiment was performed, as a result of which the influence of design parameters and installation modes on the properties of grain feed was studied on the example of feed barley when adding the magnetron powers in the device. The article presents experimental data on the measurement of the exchange energy content in samples of feed barley grain. Its increase was revealed, which is the main physical and chemical characteristic of the process of micronization of grain feed. (Conclusions) The article presents optimal ratios of variable essential factors, compliance with which can contribute to an increase in the exchange energy content in feed barley grain samples from 12 to 13.1 megajoules per kilogram: humidity of 16.5 percent, the power level of the second device, the height of the radio-transparent end of the waveguide relative to the grain layer level of 41.7 millimeters.

Mortar for 3D Printing Based on Gypsum Binders

3D construction printer - is an innovative construction approach with which building elements can be constructed without the use of formwork and you to get products of various complex shapes with minimal time and material costs. Binder 3D printing technology results in a cheap and high-speed construction method that allows greater freedom in both architectural and structural design of concrete. The principle of operation of a 3D printer is based on the principle of gradual (layer-by-layer) creation of a solid model, which is, as it were, "grown" from a certain binding material. The working mixture must have thixotropic and adhesive properties, it must be workable by the printer and at the same time not spread under the influence of subsequent layers. Therefore, it is important to select the composition of the composition of the working mixture. This paper presents the results of a study on the development of the composition of a working mixture based on a gypsum-cement-pozzolanic binder. The developed composition of the gypsum-cement-pozzolanic binder with a complex of modifying additives is characterized by low spreadability, high viscosity and is easy to lay.