Minimum Educational Standards Research Articles

To What Extent can Parental Rights be Limited by “Minimum Educational Standards as may be Laid Down or Approved by the State”?

ABSTRACT The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) affirms parental rights in education through a simple statement: “Parents have a prior right to choose the kind of education that shall be given to their children.” However, in subsequent international treaties, this right is framed with greater complexity. Notably, the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), the UNESCO Convention against Discrimination in Education (CADE), and the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRCh) introduce the requirement that this freedom must align with “minimum educational standards” set by the State. In contemporary discussions, the State’s role in regulating and limiting parental rights is increasingly seen as central to the right to education. This raises critical questions about how far such standards can go in restricting parental choice for broader political goals, such as promoting social cohesion. This paper aims to examine the concept of “minimum educational standards” and the extent to which they can be used to curtail parental rights, analyzing key human rights mechanisms and their interpretations. It seeks to clarify the balance between parental freedom in education and State-imposed regulations within the framework of international human rights law.

Analisis Peran Aktor dalam Upaya Modernisasi Kerangka Berpikir Masyarakat Dusun Jambuan

Modernization is a change that cannot be avoided by all levels of society. The research aims to examine the role of actors in embracing the people of Jambuan Hamlet who have a traditional frame of mind and previous habits toward a more modern life. This research is descriptive qualitative research, namely the data collected was obtained through in-depth interviews with vital informants and supporting informants. The results of the research show the socio-cultural background of the Jambuan Hamlet community. Society has a pragmatic mindset or instantaneous thinking which is motivated by a lack of education knowledge which impacts skills in the field of work as well as a lack of understanding of religious knowledge. The role of actors here can be seen in seeking modernization of the social aspects of the residents of Jambuan Hamlet. This change can be seen in changes in the minimum standards of education, the deepening of religion, and the framework of thinking in the people of Jambuan Hamlet.

The influence of conservation agency resources on officer entry and training requirements

The current inquiry examines the influence that agency characteristics (e.g. hunting and fishing license sales, total revenue) have on the minimum entry and training standards established by those agencies (e.g. minimum education, academy type, physical standards). Open source data were collected from each state's conservation agency through an extensive internet search and directly contacting agencies. Findings indicated a significant relationship between the number of fishing license and hunting license holders and both the minimum education standards set by the agency and their academy modality ( p ≤ .05). Conversely, no significant relationships were found between revenue from license sales and any entry or training requirements. In addition, neither the number of license holders nor revenue was shown to be statistically significant among minimum physical standards for entry-level work as a conservation officer. Thus, the number of license holders appears to be more influential over the minimum education requirements and academy type versus generated revenue. This indicates that demand placed on natural resource organizations may have a greater effect than the revenue they generate.

Evaluating the implementation quality of a vocational education intervention for youth in Dadaab refugee camp in Kenya: Evidence of discrimination

Refugee youth in protracted humanitarian contexts are faced with limited access to quality education. They may sustain traumatic experiences from conflicts and discrimination yet have limited psychosocial support access. Comprehending the magnitude and effects of these challenges is vital for designing and executing educational interventions in such contexts. This study evaluates the implementation quality of the Youth Education Pack intervention through the lens of the Inter-agency Network for Education in Emergencies minimum standards framework. It explores the types of discrimination experienced by refugee youth in the Dadaab refugee camp in Kenya. Nine participants comprising refugee students (N = 2), former refugee students (N = 2), teachers (N = 3), and project supervisors (N = 2) participated in the study. The first author conducted interviews and observations in the camp. The data were qualitatively coded deductively and analysed in Nvivo 12. We found that the YEP intervention faced contextual challenges that hindered the achievement of the implementation quality standards outlined in the INEE minimum standards for education. Refugee youth and refugee teachers experienced various forms of discrimination, including at individual, institutional, and structural levels. We conclude that providing refugee youth with an inclusive and high-quality education is central to providing secure and long-term solutions to their challenges and adversities and may promote their psychosocial wellbeing.

Analysis of the Implementation of the Generic Regional Health Information System (SIKDA) at Simpang Tiga Health Center Pekanbaru City

The application of the Generic Regional Health Information System at the Community Health Center as a user aims to provide convenience for officers in carrying out reporting activities between sections and also for activities in reporting to the Health Office by using the Generic Regional Health Information System for online patient management. It is hoped that the results of the application of the Generic Regional Health Information System will be input for the benefit of management in preparing a health program planning and is expected to be used as a monitoring system for Community Health Center services by the Head of the Community Health Center and the Health Office to be more effective. This research is a qualitative research with a case study approach. The types of data used are primary data and secondary data. Primary data were obtained from direct observation, in-depth interviews, and document review. The informants of this study consisted of the Head of the Public Health Center, the Person in Charge of the Generic Regional Health Information System, the Operator of the Generic Regional Health Information System, the Police Officer, the Drug Warehouse & Pharmacy Officer and the Cashier of the Simpang Tiga Health Center. The results showed that the implementation of the Generic Regional Health Information System at the Simpang Tiga Health Center was still running up to the registration flow, so it was not interrelated between programs in accordance with the regulations set by the Government. Human resources who operate the Regional Health Information System still have adequate and not in accordance with the minimum educational standards, besides that the operators who run the Regional Health Information System have never received. Existing facilities and infrastructure still do not support the operation of the Generic Regional Health Information System, ranging from network and computer disturbances, which are still insufficient for the implementation of a complete Regional Health Information System flow. Therefore, it is hoped that the puskesmas can pay attention to the existing constraints, so that the operation of the Generic Regional Health Information System runs optimally.

Future Impact of Implementation of New MSE by NCISM on 1 BAMS students

National Commission for Indian System of Medicine (NCISM) is implemented from June 2021. Old IMCC Act 1970 was replaced by NCISM Act 2020. NCISM is national commission to improve access to quality and affordable Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha and Sowa-Rigpa (AUS&SR) medical education. In order to this Minimum Standards of Education (MSE-UG) was published on February this year. This MSE has drawn many changes in the current education system of Ayurveda. These changes will be effective from first batch of BAMS admitting in April 2022 all over India uniformly. Right from eligibility criteria for BAMS, NEET, Duration of BAMS, Division of BAMS and respective subjects etc. are defined in this MSE. Implementation of this MSE will have impact on BAMS course and students also.

Feasibility of adopting Minimum Education Standards for general practice nursing

Education for general practice nurses varies by provider. Sue Crossman et al look at the feasibility of using minimum standards to determine whether courses are fit for purpose Courses that prepare nurses to work in general practice vary widely in quality, content and appropriateness. In 2021, nurses, employers, education providers and commissioners in London tested whether it would be feasible to use co-developed ‘minimum standards’ to check whether education for general practice nurses is fit for purpose. We interviewed and surveyed 30 stakeholders who took part in facilitated discussions to compare five courses against the standards. The simple standards helped nurses, employers and commissioners make decisions about which courses to select and encouraged providers to tailor their programmes to better meet the needs of general practice. The standards can be applied during annual course reviews to consider whether courses cover all the key competencies general practice nurses need to provide the best patient care and take their place at the heart of primary care.

Aynı Üniversite Kliniğinden Mezun Olan Göğüs Hastalıkları Uzmanlarının Bronkoskopi Yetkinlikleri

Aim: One of the primary competencies of pulmonologists is bronchoscopy. Bronchoscopy is looking inside the lungs with a medical instrument and performing necessary procedures. There are various techniques and methods performed under local or general anesthesia with flexible or rigid devices aiming diagnosis and/or treatment. Bronchoscopic procedures are classified as basic (defining and diagnosing pulmonary conditions, basic operative skills, sampling skills etc) and advanced bronchoscopic procedures (such as rigid bronchoscopy, therapeutic bronchoscopy procedures etc). Today in our country, competency-based education has been adopted for medical specialty training. Core curriculum and minimum educational standards were defined. In this study, we aimed to determine the pulmonologists’ bronchoscopy competencies, potential variables and to evaluate training needs.Methods: A questionnaire was applied to pulmonologists in electronic environment. The questionnaire was including qualitative and quantitative questions such as the educational environment and opportunities, the number of procedures attended, or performed by themselves during and after their assistantship. Data on 11 first level (such as anatomy, mucosa, secretions, maneuvers, flexible bronchoscopy, endobroncial forceps biopsy) and 8 second level (such as foreign body removal, rigid bronchoscopy) seniority in bronchoscopist competencies were analyzed with MSExcel and SPSS softwares.Results: The mean age of 29 pulmonologists (14 female and 15 male) was 43.8 ± 6.9 years. Their graduation years from specialty training ranged from 1999 to 2017, with a median of 2008. According to the self-assessment results, basic bronchoscopist competencies were 7-76 % at the end of the specialty training. There was an insignificant improvement (14-86 %) throughout working as a specialist doctor. Advanced bronchoscopist competencies were 28-72 % at the end of the specialty training. There were some significant improvements only in the endobronchial ultrasonography (EBUS), endobronchial ultrasonographic fine needle aspiration (EBUS-FNA) and argon plasma coagulation competencies (APC) throughout working as a specialist doctor.Conclusions: It was evaluated that the basic bronchoscopist competencies of the pulmonologists are not at sufficient level. The results obtained in this study support the need for competency-based training. This study also emphasizes that more attention should be paid to continuous professional development after graduation.

Accountability and quality assurance for leadership and governance in Dubai-based educational marketplace

PurposeOver the past decades, there has been an intensifying movement to privatize education in Western nations, with equal concern about the quality of education for all. This article adds to a global understanding of school inspections as a governance mechanism to promote educational quality in an entirely open K-12 educational marketplace.Design/methodology/approachThe role of school inspections as a quality assurance device is examined from a market accountability perspective. The Emirate of Dubai is used as an illustrative example of market accountability, where the educational landscape constitutes primarily a private open market.FindingsDubai proves that market accountability can address the needs of all families, assuring the provision of a sufficient quality standard of education, while allowing for competition to drive improvement. There are two lessons that Dubai offers a global audience that has been debating the merits of privatizing education: a fully free unregulated market does not promote an education system that provides a minimum standard of education for all; and a private education system can address stakeholder concerns and operate successfully in parallel to a public sector.Originality/valueThe idiosyncratic United Arab Emirates (UAE) education sector calls for a balance between flexibility and quality assurance across semi-independent jurisdictions. Hosting a majority of non-Emirati resident families, Dubai has developed a public inspection system for a private education market for quality assurance across 17 curricula offered in 215 private schools with diverse profit models. That most Dubai school-aged children are in private schools demanded accommodating an atypical landscape for K-12 education that affords insights into how a free market can operate. The authors encourage future research that may build a more comprehensive framework for better understanding the public–private education debate.

INTERNAL QUALITY ASSURANCE SYSTEM IN ONLINE LEARNING AT ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

The quality of education is closely related to whether or not the national education objectives are achieved. Therefore, education is said to be good if it meets the national standards of education. The fulfillment of national standards of education, the minimum standard of education, is the initial requirement for improving the quality of education. Many schools do not meet national standards of education, including standards of skills and competencies, because teachers and educational personnel do not have adequate facilities and infrastructure. This article aims to explain the evaluation of quality assurance of education in improving the quality of education in elementary schools. This study uses qualitative methods. Data retrieval is done through interviews and documentation. The interview speaker took the object of the principal and the class teacher in the school. While related documentation taken from photos, evidence of school administration. The results obtained from this study that in the internal quality assurance system in schools have been good in its implementation because all processes have a clear basis and are consulted in the school forum. Several determining factors of success in the implementation of the internal quality assurance system are effective principal leadership, commitment and consistency of stakeholders, accountability, transparency and integrity.

A human rights approach: The right to education in the time of COVID‐19

A human rights approach: The right to education in the time of COVID‐19

A Machine Learning-Based Model to Evaluate Readability and Assess Grade Level for the Web Pages

AbstractEvaluating readability of web documents has gained attention due to several factors such as improving the effectiveness of writing and to reach a wider spectrum of audience. Current practices in this direction follow several statistical measures in evaluating readability of the document. In this paper, we have proposed a machine learning-based model to compute readability of web pages. The minimum educational standards required (grade level) to understand the contents of a web page are also computed. The proposed model classifies the web pages into highly readable, readable or less readable using specified feature set. To classify a web page with the aforementioned categories, we have incorporated the features such as sentence count, word count, syllable count, type-token ratio and lexical ambiguity. To increase the usability of the proposed model, we have developed an accessible browser extension to perform the assessments of every web page loaded into the browser.

Australian massage therapists’ views and practices related to preconception, pregnancy and the early postpartum period

Background and purposeMassage is commonly used by the Australian public and is often sought by expectant mothers. Despite its popularity there is no regulatory body to enforce minimum educational standards, guidelines or evidence-based best practice for massage therapists. The aim of this paper is to critically examine the views and practices of massage therapists who offer preconception, antenatal or postnatal massage. Materials and methodsAn online survey was administered to Australian massage therapists who provide massage in the preconception, antenatal or postnatal periods. ResultsNinety-nine therapists completed the survey. The majority of respondents had received training in pregnancy massage (n = 72; 72.7%) only. The most confident respondents were those that had both training and experience. ConclusionThere are potential gaps in training for massage therapists including up-to-date curriculum and a fragmentation around industry training requirements for pregnancy massage, which may impact on the safety and benefits of pregnancy massage.

Mental Health Education in Australian Paramedic Curriculum – a Scoping Review

Introduction Mental health represents a growing concern for health services in Australia. Paramedics are increasingly becoming the first point-of-contact for patients experiencing an acute mental health episode. Despite this increasing prevalence of cases there is an established body of literature outlining that paramedics feel inadequately trained to manage these patients. Aim This research aimed to identify how the management of acutely unwell mental health patients is included in paramedic curricula in Australia. Methods A scoping review methodology was used in association with a thematic analysis of university learning outcomes related to mental health education for Bachelor of Paramedic programs in Australia. It was identified that there are considerable discrepancies between university learning outcomes for mental health education of paramedics. Discussion Mental health management of patients is not integrated throughout curricula, with most students only being exposed to mental health education once in their degree usually as a theoretical subject with no specific mental health practice placement. Further, the existence of discrepancies regarding mental health management education between paramedic courses creates an unequal minimum standard of education among graduating paramedic students. Conclusion Given the prevalence of mental health cases and the special powers that paramedics have to manage these cases, as well as the fact that mental health does not discriminate between jurisdictions (ie. patients present and should be managed similarly in all states and territories), the authors argue that special consideration by the profession should be given to mandating a consistency in mental health management education across all paramedic Bachelor degree programs.

Current Status and Performance Evaluation Systems of Faculty in Korean Medical Schools

The aim of this study is to analyze the current status and performance evaluation systems of faculty in Korean medical colleges and professional graduate medical schools (called medical schools). We developed a research tool based on previous studies and distributed it to 40 medical schools from July to October 2017. The response rate was 100%. We calculated the number of faculty members and analyzed the faculty evaluation systems and awareness according to national and private medical schools. As of 2017, the number of medical faculty in Korea was 11,111 (4,973 faculty were employed by their alma mater, which is 44.76% of the total), with non-medical doctor faculty accounting for 754 of the total. The medical schools reflect research achievements as most important for re-appointment and screening to promote faculty, and the area of education is secondary excepting clinical faculty of private medical schools. However, important issues in the faculty evaluation deal with the relevance of research achievement and the need for qualitative assessment. Some medical schools revised or have been revising the faculty evaluation system in areas such as minimum standards of education for promotion and separation of promotion and tenure review. Opening non-tenure track lines for faculty show positive effects such as increasing the number of positions for hire and easing the financial burdens of medical schools. Downfalls include inconsistencies between the responsibilities and actual practices of tenure not being available and the instability of faculty’s status. In conclusion, medical schools need to prepare a faculty evaluation system that fits the position of faculty members and attempt to establish a reasonable compensation system.

SCHOOL COMMITTEE PERFORMANCE IN MINIMUM SERVICE STANDARD OF BASIC EDUCATION

This research is aimed at describing the implementation of Minimum Standard of Education (MSE) and performance of school committee in supervising the implementation of Minimum Standard of Education (MSE) at Junior High School in Jepara. This research is descriptive research with qualitative approach. The data collection was conducted through questionnaire, interview, documentation study, and observation. The data analysis used descriptive qualitative. The research result showed that the implementation of Minimum Standard of Education (MSE) had average good score at State of Junior High School and less than good in Private Junior High School. In the meantime, the supervisory duties of school committee to the implementation of MSE showed poor grades.

PERAN SISTEM PENJAMINAN MUTU PENDIDIKAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN MUTU PENDIDIKAN DI MADRASAH

The quality of education is related to whether or not national education goals are achieved as stated in Law No. 20 of 2003 concerning the National Education System. Therefore, the quality of education can be said it is good if it meets the National Education Standards. The fulfillment of minimum standards of education which is the National Standard of Education is a prerequisite to improve the quality of education including madrasah. The reality that emerges is the quality of education in Indonesia is still far from what is expected, let a quality in most madrasah which are still having many obstacles. Many madrasah do not qualify the National Education Standards, such as educators and education staff who have not met standardized qualifications and competencies, and inadequate facilities and infrastructure. This paper aims to describe how the role of the education quality assurance system in improving the quality of education in madrasah.

Educational standards for developing an entry-level occupational therapy program: an overview

The objective of this article is to provide an overview of the minimum educational standards required for developing an entry level educational program in occupational therapy and to encourage continual quality assurance for developments required to advance the profession in an inter professional and global context Impacting the profession through the establishment of international standards is the key to provide a global unifying approach to the curriculum ongoing development of quality entry level programs in occupational therapy These standards ensure that the design and delivery of occupational therapy educational programs are internationally consistent and identify the essential knowledge skills and attitudes that encourage a more competent practice of occupational therapy

Consumers of Financial Advice in New Zealand

ABSTRACT This study examines some key client-adviser characteristics within the New Zealand financial planning landscape. Through an online survey, participants were asked about their choice of financial adviser, their experience of financial advice and their view of the 2008 Financial Advisers Act. Descriptive results reveal a lack of knowledge in differentiating between the types of advisers and each adviser’s scope of service. Clients of financial advisers who adhere to minimum education standards are significantly different from clients who contract the services of advisers without set standards. Implications include adopting a nationwide marketing campaign and significant regulatory changes to help all consumers identify appropriate financial service professionals for their needs.

Measuring improvement in knowledge of drug policy reforms following a police education program in Tijuana, Mexico

BackgroundMexico’s 2009 “narcomenudeo reform” decriminalized small amounts of drugs, shifting some drug law enforcement to the states and mandating drug treatment diversion instead of incarceration. Data from Tijuana suggested limited implementation of this harm reduction-oriented policy. We studied whether a police education program (PEP) improved officers’ drug and syringe policy knowledge, and aimed to identify participant characteristics associated with improvement of drug policy knowledge.MethodsPre- and post-training surveys were self-administered by municipal police officers to measure legal knowledge. Training impact was assessed through matched paired nominal data using McNemar’s tests. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify predictors of improved legal knowledge, as measured by officers’ ability to identify conceptual legal provisions related to syringe possession and thresholds of drugs covered under the reform.ResultsOf 1750 respondents comparing pre- versus post training, officers reported significant improvement (p < 0.001) in their technical understanding of syringe possession (56 to 91%) and drug amounts decriminalized, including marijuana (9 to 52%), heroin (8 to 71%), and methamphetamine (7 to 70%). The training was associated with even greater success in improving conceptual legal knowledge for syringe possession (67 to 96%) (p < 0.001), marijuana (16 to 91%), heroin (11 to 91%), and methamphetamine (11 to 89%). In multivariable modeling, those with at least a high school education were more likely to exhibit improvement of conceptual legal knowledge of syringe possession (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.6, 95% CI 1.4–3.2) and decriminalization for heroin (aOR 2.7, 95% CI 1.3–4.3), methamphetamine (aOR 2.2, 95% CI 1.4–3.2), and marijuana (aOR 2.5, 95% CI 1.6–4).ConclusionsDrug policy reform is often necessary, but not sufficient to achieve public health goals because of gaps in translating formal laws to policing practice. To close such gaps, PEP initiatives bundling occupational safety information with relevant legal content demonstrate clear promise. Our findings underscore additional efforts needed to raise technical knowledge of the law among personnel tasked with its enforcement. Police professionalization, including minimum educational standards, appear critical for aligning policing with harm reduction goals.