Minimum Sensitivity Research Articles

Periodic nanostructures on single-crystal copper for SERS substrate fabricated by using AFM dynamic lithography

The fabrication of periodic nanostructures on noble metals as surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate is still challenging through facile and cost-effective process. Dynamic lithography under AFM tapping mode has been applied to the fabrication of nanogrooves on single-crystal copper to reduce the feature size. However, there was a lack of fundamental understanding of the effect of the fabrication of periodic nanostructures due to dynamic lithography and then SERS enhancement. To this end, this study aims to investigate the variation of the energy dissipation and the corresponding fabricated nanogrooves at different laser spot positions. It was found that improper laser position was contributed to the increased energy dissipation and irregular nanogrooves were thus obtained with much larger machined depth. On the contrary, at the optimal laser position, the minimal sensitivity was associated with the maximum voltage value on the photodiode. In this case, regular nanogrooves with controlled feature size can be produced for the fabrication of periodic nanostructures. And checkerboard nanodots with a period of 200 nm were fabricated by the combination of arrays of nanogrooves, which indicated advantages of high stability for AFM dynamic lithography. In addition, rhodamine 6G (R6G) was selected as the detecting target to measure SERS spectra of fabricated substrates. Results indicated the Raman enhancement factors can be promoted due to uniform shape of nanogroove and high resolution in horizon dimension.

Dynamic Interaction Analysis and Damping Control Strategy of Hybrid System With Grid-Forming and Grid-Following Control Modes

The dynamic behavior of converters with different synchronous control modes is significantly different. Therefore, the renewable energy grid-connected system cannot be equivalent as the same type of power electronics equipment. There are dynamic interactions among the multiple time scale controllers of each equipment, which may lead to the small signal instability of the hybrid system. In this paper, a hybrid grid-connected system with phase-locked loop (PLL) controlled doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) and virtual synchronous generator (VSG) controlled converter is studied. On the basis of the open-loop modal resonance theory, the mechanism of small signal instability of hybrid system is revealed from the perspective of mode interaction. Furthermore, a design method of additional damping controller is proposed based on normal matrix, which can achieve the minimum eigenvalue sensitivity of the hybrid system and avoid the interaction between different control loops. Finally, a hybrid system including a grid-forming VSG system and a grid-following DFIG wind farm is investigated in this paper. The correctness and effectiveness of interaction analysis and damping control strategy are confirmed by the results of modal analysis and simulation.

Optimization of Ultrasonic-Assisted TIG (UA-TIG) Welding Process Parameters for AA7075 Alloy Joints Using RSM-GA Approach

Abstract The current study investigates the optimized process parameters for low hot cracking susceptibility and the enhanced microhardness of ultrasonic-assisted tungsten inert gas (UA-TIG) welded AA7075 joints. The optimization trials were made using response surface methodology (RSM) and RSM coupled with genetic algorithm (RSM-GA) approaches. Welding process parameters, such as welding current, gas flow rate, presence and absence of ultrasonic vibration (UT), and filler metal were varied to study the hot crack sensitivity and microhardness of the AA7075 welded joints. RSM was used to develop the empirical relationships with a higher coefficient of determination (R2 = .9892 for hot cracking sensitivity and R2 = .9919 for microhardness). Welding current (120 A), gas flow rate (13 L/min) with UT and filler material with hot cracking sensitivity (0 %), and microhardness (117.76 HV) are the optimized process parameters. The experimental results and predicted RSM model at optimal conditions were compared to the predicted RSM-GA model for minimal hot cracking sensitivity and maximum microhardness. A good agreement between the experimental results and the predicted RSM model confirms the soundness of the developed RSM-GA model.

Experimental and theoretical study on cooling performance of membrane roof with circulated water film

Membrane roofs are widely used in buildings for excellent daylight and visual effects. Nevertheless, excessive solar penetration results in an overheated indoor thermal environment. The experimental and theoretical study on the cooling performance of circulated water film technology on membrane roofs was conducted. The scale experiment results indicated that with circulated water film the membrane surface temperatures decreased rapidly to a level slightly above the water temperature, where the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) membranes were 0.4 and 2.4 °C higher than water temperature. While the indoor air temperature gradually decreased in instances where PVDF roofs were utilized, the application of ETFE roofs did not yield a significant decrease in temperature. Subsequently, we derived an analytical solution for the dynamic two-dimensional heat and mass transfer process of the water film flowing on the membrane with incident solar radiation, which was validated by experiment. The analysis of influential factors indicated that the temperature drop increased with absorbed solar radiation and outdoor dry-bulb temperature, and decreased with the ambient wet-bulb temperature. Conversely, the cooling performance exhibited minimal sensitivity to variations in water film thickness. The indoor operative temperature dropped by 0.5–0.8 °C in the membrane roofed atrium with water film. The water film effectively cools the indoor thermal environment with membrane roofs.

Manipulation of sensitivity of the surface plasmon polariton waves at the interface of high magneto-optical medium and silver metal using angular interrogation

In this manuscript, sensitivity of the surface plasmon polariton waves (SPPs) using angular interrogation is coherently manipulated at the interface of four level high magneto-optical medium and silver metal using prism geometry. The control and probe fields detuning, Rabi frequency and decay rate manipulated significantly the angular interrogation of sensitivity of the surface plasmon polariton waves. The permittivity ϵd and permeability μd of the high magneto-optical medium play an important role in the manipulation of the sensitivity. The sensitivity is a function of control field detuning. The maximum sensitivity is reported to 800 deg/RIU with control field detuning. The minimum sensitivity is investigated to 6 deg/RIU with probe field detuning and Rabi frequency of control field. The reported results have useful applications in data storage and chemical sensing technologies.

Stability Analysis of Cemented Tailings Backfill in Stope Considering Layered Structural Characteristics

In this study, the stage subsequent to filling mining is selected as the background, and the cemented tailings backfill serves as the research object. Given the effects of the layer effect, top load, lateral pressure coefficient, and so forth, a safety factor calculation model of cemented tailings backfill in large depth–width ratio stopes is developed in accordance with the Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion, which is compared with the models proposed by other scholars. Lastly, the characteristics of the effect exerted by a wide variety of factors are discussed. As indicated by the results, (1) there are three scenarios in the position of the sliding surface, located in the first layer, passing through two layers and passing through three layers, and mainly the first two. Compared with other models, the rationality and reliability of the model in this study are verified. Different models have different research backgrounds and different focuses, and certain differences exist in results. (2) The safety factor of cemented tailings backfills is reduced with the increase of the top load, the lateral pressure coefficient, and the bulk density, while it is increased with the increase of cohesion, internal friction angle, and bonding force ratio. Furthermore, a linear functional relationship exists between them. The safety factor has the maximum sensitivity to cohesion and the minimum sensitivity to top load. (3) Using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software for regression analysis, a simplified multiple linear regression equation between the safety factor and the respective factor is built. The regression results achieve an error of 10%. As revealed by the result of this study, the simplified regression equation can be applied to the stability evaluation of the on-site cemented tailings backfill.

A highly sensitive six-conjoined-tube anti-resonance optical fiber temperature sensor based on surface plasmon resonance

ObjectOwing to advances in optical fiber sensing, sensing techniques based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) have received much attention. In this work, an SPR temperature sensor based on the anti-resonant fiber (ARF) is designed and analyzed. By filling the core with a thermosensitive liquid, the ambient temperature in the range of 5–55 °C can be detected. MethodsThe proposed ARF was simulated utilizing the finite element analysis software COMSOL, followed by systematic and comprehensive structural parameter optimization, and the basic characteristics of the ARF-SPR temperature sensor were analyzed. Filling with a gold medium instead of the traditional coating process reduces the difficulty in manufacturing the ARF-SPR temperature sensor. ResultsThe average temperature sensitivity of the ARF-SPR sensor is 16.055 nm/°C, the minimum structural parameter sensitivity is 1.0 nm/μm, and the maximum FOM is 360.8 °C−1 at 5 °C. The ARF sensor with excellent properties has large commercial potential in biochemical analysis, temperature monitoring, as well as long-distance sensing.

A VERITAS/Breakthrough Listen Search for Optical Technosignatures

The Breakthrough Listen Initiative is conducting a program using multiple telescopes around the world to search for “technosignatures”: artificial transmitters of extraterrestrial origin from beyond our solar system. The Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS) Collaboration joined this program in 2018 and provides the capability to search for one particular technosignature: optical pulses of a few nanoseconds in duration detectable over interstellar distances. We report here on the analysis and results of dedicated VERITAS observations of Breakthrough Listen targets conducted in 2019 and 2020 and of archival VERITAS data collected since 2012. Thirty hours of dedicated observations of 136 targets and 249 archival observations of 140 targets were analyzed and did not reveal any signals consistent with a technosignature. The results are used to place limits on the fraction of stars hosting transmitting civilizations. We also discuss the minimum pulse sensitivity of our observations and present VERITAS observations of CALIOP: a space-based pulsed laser on board the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations. The detection of these pulses with VERITAS, using the analysis techniques developed for our technosignature search, allows a test of our analysis efficiency and serves as an important proof of principle.

On the merger rate of primordial black holes in cosmic voids

Cosmic voids are known as underdense substructures of the cosmic web that cover a large volume of the Universe. It is known that cosmic voids contain a small number of dark matter halos, so the existence of primordial black holes (PBHs) in these secluded regions of the Universe is not unlikely. In this work, we calculate the merger rate of PBHs in dark matter halos structured in cosmic voids and determine their contribution to gravitational wave events resulting from black hole mergers recorded by the Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (aLIGO)-Advanced Virgo (aVirgo) detectors. Relying on the PBH scenario, the results of our analysis indicate that about 3∼4 annual events of binary black hole mergers out of all those recorded by the aLIGO-aVirgo detectors should belong to cosmic voids. We also calculate the redshift evolution of the merger rate of PBHs in cosmic voids. The results show that the evolution of the merger rate of PBHs has minimum sensitivity to the redshift changes, which seems reasonable while considering the evolution of cosmic voids. Finally, we specify the behavior of the merger rate of PBHs as a function of their mass and fraction in cosmic voids and we estimate R(MPBH,fPBH) relation, which is well compatible with our findings.

Radiologists' Expectations of Artificial Intelligence in Pancreatic Cancer Imaging: How Good Is Good Enough?

Existing (artificial intelligence [AI]) tools in radiology are modeled without necessarily considering the expectations and experience of the end user-the radiologist. The literature is scarce on the tangible parameters that AI capabilities need to meet for radiologists to consider them useful tools. The purpose of this study is to explore radiologists' attitudes toward AI tools in pancreatic cancer imaging and to quantitatively assess their expectations of these tools. A link to the survey was posted on the www.ctisus.com website, advertised in the www.ctisus.com email newsletter, and publicized on LinkedIn, Facebook, and Twitter accounts. This survey asked participants about their demographics, practice, and current attitudes toward AI. They were also asked about their expectations of what constitutes a clinically useful AI tool. The survey consisted of 17 questions, which included 9 multiple choice questions, 2 Likert scale questions, 4 binary (yes/no) questions, 1 rank order question, and 1 free text question. A total of 161 respondents completed the survey, yielding a response rate of 46.3% of the total 348 clicks on the survey link. The minimum acceptable sensitivity of an AI program for the detection of pancreatic cancer chosen by most respondents was either 90% or 95% at a specificity of 95%. The minimum size of pancreatic cancer that most respondents would find an AI useful at detecting was 5 mm. Respondents preferred AI tools that demonstrated greater sensitivity over those with greater specificity. Over half of respondents anticipated incorporating AI tools into their clinical practice within the next 5 years. Radiologists are open to the idea of integrating AI-based tools and have high expectations regarding the performance of these tools. Consideration of radiologists' input is important to contextualize expectations and optimize clinical adoption of existing and future AI tools.

Evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of two point-of-care tests for COVID-19 when used in symptomatic patients in community settings in the UK primary care COVID diagnostic accuracy platform trial (RAPTOR-C19).

Point-of-care lateral flow device antigen testing has been used extensively to identify individuals with active SARS-CoV-2 infection in the community. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of two point-of-care tests (POCTs) for SARS-CoV-2 in routine community care. Adults and children with symptoms consistent with suspected current COVID-19 infection were prospectively recruited from 19 UK general practices and two COVID-19 testing centres between October 2020 and October 2021. Participants were tested by trained healthcare workers using at least one of two index POCTs (Roche-branded SD Biosensor Standard™ Q SARS-CoV-2 Rapid Antigen Test and/or BD Veritor™ System for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2). The reference standard was laboratory triplex reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) using a combined nasal/oropharyngeal swab. Diagnostic accuracy parameters were estimated, with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), overall, in relation to RT-PCR cycle threshold and in pre-specified subgroups. Of 663 participants included in the primary analysis, 39.2% (260/663, 95% CI 35.5% to 43.0%) had a positive RT-PCR result. The SD Biosensor POCT had sensitivity 84.0% (178/212, 78.3% to 88.6%) and specificity 98.5% (328/333, 96.5% to 99.5%), and the BD Veritor POCT had sensitivity 76.5% (127/166, 69.3% to 82.7%) and specificity 98.8% (249/252, 96.6% to 99.8%) compared with RT-PCR. Sensitivity of both devices dropped substantially at cycle thresholds ≥30 and in participants more than 7 days after onset of symptoms. Both POCTs assessed exceed the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency target product profile's minimum acceptable specificity of 95%. Confidence intervals for both tests include the minimum acceptable sensitivity of 80%. In symptomatic patients, negative results on these two POCTs do not preclude the possibility of infection. Tests should not be expected to reliably detect disease more than a week after symptom onset, when viral load may be reduced. ISRCTN142269.

Complex Langevin method on rotating matrix quantum mechanics at thermal equilibrium

Abstract Rotating systems in thermal equilibrium are ubiquitous in our world. In the context of high-energy physics, rotations would affect the phase structure of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). However, the standard Monte Carlo methods in rotating systems are problematic because the chemical potentials for the angular momenta (angular velocities) cause sign problems even for bosonic variables. In this article, we demonstrate that the complex Langevin method (CLM) may overcome this issue. We apply the CLM to the Yang–Mills (YM)-type one-dimensional matrix model (matrix quantum mechanics) that is a large-N reduction (or dimensional reduction) of the (D + 1)-dimensional U(N) pure YM theory [bosonic Banks–Fischler–Shenker–Susskind (BFSS) model]. This model shows a large-N phase transition at finite temperature, which is analogous to the confinement/deconfinement transition of the original YM theory, and our CLM predicts that the transition temperature decreases as the angular momentum chemical potential increases. In order to verify our results, we compute several quantities via the minimum sensitivity method and find good quantitative agreements. Hence, the CLM works properly in this rotating system. We also argue that our results are qualitatively consistent with a holography and the recent studies of the imaginary angular velocity in QCD. As a byproduct, we develop an analytic approximation to treat the so-called “small black hole” phase in the matrix model.

Identification of a novel stemness-related signature with appealing implications in discriminating the prognosis and therapy responses for prostate cancer

PurposeCancer stemness represents the tumor-initiation and self-renewal potentials of cancer stem cells. It is involved in prostate cancer progression and resistance to therapy. Herein, we aimed to unveil the stemness features, establish a novel prognostic model, and identify potential therapeutic targets. Methods26 stemness-related signatures were obtained from StemChecker. The expression profiles and clinical traits of TCGA-PRAD were obtained from TCGA and cBioPortal, respectively. GSE5446 and GSE70769 cohorts were acquired from GEO. PRAD_MSKCC cohort was also retrieved via the cBioPortal. The consensus clustering method was used for stemness subclusters classification. WGCNA was used to identify hub genes related to the stemness subcluster. The most important feature was explored in vitro. ResultsProstate cancer patients of TCGA-PRAD were divided into two subclusters (C1 and C2) based on the enrichment scores of the 26 stemness-related signatures. C1 was characterized by decreased survival, rich infiltrations of M0 macrophages and regulatory T cells, minimum sensitivity to chemotherapy, and a low response to immunotherapy. Hub genes of the red module with the highest correlation with C1 were subsequently identified by WGCNA and subjected to stemness-related risk model construction based on the machine-learning framework. Prostate cancer patients with high stemness scores had unfavorable prognosis, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, minimum sensitivity to chemotherapy, and a low response to immunotherapy. MXD3, the most important factor of the model, can regulate the stemness traits of prostate cancer cells. ConclusionsOur study depicted the stemness landscapes of prostate cancer and characterized two subclusters with diverse prognoses and tumor immune microenvironments. A stemness-risk signature was developed and demonstrated prospective implications in predicting prognosis and precision medicine.

Photonic Crystal Based Ultrafast and Highly Sensitive Refractive Index Sensor

In this paper, a novel approach is proposed to detect the concentration of virus with different refractive indices in saliva using two-dimensional photonic crystal (PC) structures. The proposed 18×17 hexagonal PC structure consists of air holes in a silicon slab with silicon-on-insulator (SOI) techniques. The plane wave expansion (PWE) method is used to find the photonic band gap (PBG). The mid-gap wavelength of PBG increases linearly with a refractive index of infiltrated samples in air holes. The change in PBG size increases linearly by an average slope of 4.45 with respect to the change in refractive index concentration. The proposed sensor exhibits a maximum sensitivity of 1206.4 nm/RIU for 100% concentration of virus and minimum sensitivity of 950.4 nm/RIU for 0% concentration of virus with an ultra-fast average response time of 10.6 fs to test the samples. The present work can be useful for sensing variation in bio-molecular RI and other infection’s presence in various biological targets at an early stage.

Revisiting temperature sensitivity: how does Antarctic precipitation change with temperature?

Abstract. With progressing global warming, snowfall in Antarctica is expected to increase, which could counteract or even temporarily overcompensate increased ice-sheet mass losses caused by increased ice discharge and melting. For sea-level projections it is therefore vital to understand the processes determining snowfall changes in Antarctica. Here we revisit the relationship between Antarctic temperature changes and precipitation changes, identifying and explaining regional differences and deviations from the theoretical approach based on the Clausius–Clapeyron relationship. Analysing the latest estimates from global (CMIP6, Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6) and regional (RACMO2.3) model projections, we find an average increase of 5.5 % in annual precipitation over Antarctica per degree of warming, with a minimum sensitivity of 2 % K−1 near Siple Coast and a maximum sensitivity of > 10 % K−1 at the East Antarctic plateau region. This large range can be explained by the prevailing climatic conditions, with local temperatures determining the Clausius–Clapeyron sensitivity that is counteracted in some regions by the prevalence of the coastal wind regime. We compare different approaches of deriving the sensitivity factor, which in some cases can lead to sensitivity changes of up to 7 percentage points for the same model. Importantly, local sensitivity factors are found to be strongly dependent on the warming level, suggesting that some ice-sheet models which base their precipitation estimates on parameterisations derived from these sensitivity factors might overestimate warming-induced snowfall changes, particularly in high-emission scenarios. This would have consequences for Antarctic sea-level projections for this century and beyond.

Influence of genotype and bacterization on growth, development, and soluble carbohydrate content in soybean E-genes isogenic lines

Photoperiod, which regulates the duration of vegetative and generative development, and the plant-microorganism interaction, which influences the metabolic status of plant organisms, are important factors in the regulating plant growth and development. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of Glycine max (L.) Merr. genotype and seed pre-bacterization with a virulent and active strain of Bradyrhizobium japonicum 634b on the plant growth and development, and on the soluble carbohydrate content in leaves of isogenic by E-genes lines under field conditions. Nearly isogenic lines (NILs) of soybean, in which the E1, E2, and E3 genes are located at different allelic loci, were used. Sterile seeds were pretreated with distilled water (control) and Bradyrhizobium japonicum 634b cell suspension (experiment). Plants were grown under natural long-day conditions (16 hours). The growth and development of the soybean were evaluated by phenological observations, morphometric indicators fixed at the V3 and V5 developmental stages, relative growth rate (RGR), and the content of soluble sugars ‒ mono- and oligosaccharides. The effect of the factors studied (genotype, bacterization, and their interaction) was calculated. The results of the experiment and the calculation of the effect of the factor showed that the isoline genotype has the greatest effect on seed germination, phenological development of the plant and duration of the VE-R1 phase, growth of the root system in the V3 and V5 phases, and the content of monosaccharides involved in forming the plant-microorganism interaction. The effect of bacterization is most evident in the RGR, shoot development, and the oligosaccharide content of the leaves of NILs in the V3 and V5 phases. Among the isolines studied, L 80-5879, which has the E1 gene (flowering repressor) in a dominant state, was characterized by minimal sensitivity to bacterization. It was found that bacterization and genotype interaction didn't influence the VE-R1 duration stage and the shoot and root length. The results obtained therefore prove that the E-series genes, which determine the photoperiodic sensitivity of soya beans, can also be indirectly involved in establishing plant-microorganism interactions.

Correlation and Path Analysis for Yield and its Phenological, Physiological, Morphological and Biochemical Traits under Salinity Stress in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

The investigation was carried out during rabi season (November–April) of 2020–2021 in the polyhouse, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India. CRD (Completely Randomize Design) were used in 3 replications with the objective to assess the performance of 20 chickpea genotypes under salinity stress conditions in order to identify genotypes that demonstrate greater tolerance to these conditions. To induce the salinity stress, NaCl salts were administer in two split doses of 120 mM during sowing and at 15 DAS. The study evaluated a range of parameters, including phenological, physiological, morphological, biochemical, and yield parameters, to examine the impact of salt stress on genotypes that exhibit varying levels of tolerance. Total proline content increment is due to increase of stress related proteins during the salinity. The yield parameters increase in non-saline conditions whereas in stress conditions, yield will get reduce. The findings revealed an increase in the total Proline content due to the production of stress-related proteins during salinity stress; however, yield parameters were negatively affected under stress conditions, with the most significant decrease observed in the 120 mM NaCl treatment group compared to the control group. ICC5439 and GNG 1581 emerged as highly tolerant chickpea genotypes under salinity stress conditions, while ICC 6050, ICC 251, ICC 252, and ICC 262 exhibited medium tolerance. In contrast, ICC253, ICC 247, and ICC 249 were found to be highly susceptible genotypes, with the remaining genotypes showing minimal tolerance and sensitivity to salinity stress.

Microstructure Characterization, Mechanical and Wear Behavior of Silicon Carbide and Neem Leaf Powder Reinforced AL7075 Alloy hybrid MMC’s.

The demanding material quality criteria in the automotive and aerospace industries have recently had an impact on the development of lightweight aluminium alloys. The choice and application of metal-matrix composites as structural materials in this context are known to offer a variety of benefits. These benefits include the ability to combine high elastic modulus, toughness, and impact resistance; minimum sensitivity to change in temperature or thermal shock; durability of the surface is good; moisture absorption leads to the potential issue while minimum exposure which leads to environmental degradation; and improved fabricability with conventional metalworking equipment. Aluminium metal matrix composites (AMMCs) are a potential material for advanced structural, aviation, aerospace, marine, and defence applications, as well as for the automotive sector and other related fields, due to their outstanding combination of qualities. The stir casting procedure is used to create an aluminium metal matrix composite (AMMC), which is the most efficient way to do so. In this study, the aluminium alloy 7075 is strengthened using neem leaf powder and SiC. The Vickers hardness examination method is used to govern the hardness of hybrid composites. Eventually, the mechanical and tribological properties of the composites were assessed, and their relationship to the composites' matching microstructure and wear was addressed.

1104-P: South Asian vs. White Adolescents Have Lower Insulin Sensitivity and Higher Insulin AUC

Background: T2D occurs at higher rates in South Asian (SA) adults, even at non-overweight/obese BMI. OGTT metrics were compared in SA vs White (W) adolescents to identify early contributors to increased T2D risk. Methods: Healthy SA and W adolescents, ages 12-21y, with BMI ≥80%ile (or ≥23kg/m2 if ≥18y) underwent 10-sample 180-min OGTT to determine incremental insulin AUC (iAUC), Oral Minimal Model insulin sensitivity (Si), and disposition index (DI: Si x insulin iAUC at 180min). Ancestry differences in OGTT outcomes were compared using linear regression adjusted for age, sex, and BMI. Results: For n=21, age [median (IQR) W: 20.1y (16.1, 21.3), SA: 21.0 (20.3, 21.6)], sex [W: 6F, SA: 4F], and BMI [W: 25.2kg/m2 (24.7, 31.4), SA: 24.6 (24.1, 27.9)] were not different for SA vs W. Fasting glucose [β=7.1, p=0.01; SA: 98.0mg/dL (92.0, 102.5), W: 89.0mg/dL (87.0, 93.5)], fasting insulin [β=7.0, p=0.005], insulin iAUC at 30min [β=1192, p=0.02], and log-transformed insulin iAUC at 180min [β=0.98, p=0.002] were higher, and log-transformed Si [β=-1.07, p=0.008] lower in SA than W. HbA1c, OGTT 1h and 2h glucose, and DI did not differ. Conclusions: Higher OGTT insulin in overweight SA adolescents contrast with reduced insulin found in SA adults and suggests reduced Si and insulin hyper-secretion are precursors to β-cell failure and T2D in SA adults. Understanding T2D mechanistic differences by ancestry may lead to improved T2D treatments. Disclosure T.A.Hitt: None. D.Stefanovski: None. S.Malina: None. C.X.D.Wang: None. B.S.Zemel: None. A.Kelly: None. S.N.Magge: None. Funding National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK115648); National Institutes of Health (UL1TR001878, UL1TR001079)

First computation of Mueller Tang processes using a full NLL BFKL approach

We present the full next-to-leading order (NLO) prediction for the jet-gap-jet cross section at the LHC within the BFKL approach. We implement, for the first time, the NLO impact factors in the calculation of the cross section. We provide results for differential cross sections as a function of the difference in rapidity and azimuthal angle betwen the two jets and the second leading jet transverse momentum. The NLO corrections of the impact factors induce an overall reduction of the cross section with respect to the corresponding predictions with only LO impact factors.We note that NLO impact factors feature a logarithmic dependence of the cross section on the total center of mass energy which formally violates BFKL factorization. We show that such term is one order of magnitude smaller than the total contribution, and thus can be safely included in the current prediction without a need of further resummation of such logarithmic terms.Fixing the renormalization scale μR according to the principle of minimal sensitivity, suggests μR about 4 times the sum of the transverse jet energies and provides smaller theroretical uncertainties with respect to the leading order case.