Minimum Wage Research Articles

Pengaruh Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Pengangguran, dan Upah Minimum Regional terhadap Tingkat Kemiskinan di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur

The government's efforts to enhance economic growth and public service quality as a solution to poverty emphasize income and quality of life improvement. However, this approach needs to consider local dynamics and regional economic structures. Accurate data on poverty are crucial for designing effective policies to enhance community welfare in East Nusa Tenggara (NTT). This research examines factors influencing poverty levels in NTT, particularly the impacts of economic development, unemployment, and regional minimum wages. Analysis using EViews 10 software shows that economic growth and unemployment significantly affect poverty, whereas regional minimum wages do not. This study provides insights for economic development and poverty alleviation policies, emphasizing the importance of targeted interventions to enhance community welfare in NTT, given the complexity of poverty issues requiring holistic and diverse approaches to mitigation efforts.

The M-Estimator and S-Estimator in Robust Improved Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression for Modelling GRDP in West Java, Indonesia

The success of development in a region in Indonesia can be measured by economic growth, especially in the financial sector using the Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) growth rate. The GRDP figure at the Regency and City level in West Java is one of Indonesia's highest and most diverse. This is due to various factors, including the geographical location of West Java, which is directly adjacent to DKI Jakarta, which is the center of the national economy. Although classified as high, the diversity of GRDP values between regions in West Java needs attention to equalize economic growth. The diversity of GRDP values can be modeled by the Improved Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression (I-GTWR) method by taking samples in 2018-2022. The I-GTWR modeling method considers the influence of spatial heterogeneity and spatial-temporal interaction, which has been proven to produce better results than the GTWR method in modeling GRDP in Central Java in 2011-2015. This study also adds M-estimators and S-estimators to improve the model's performance and make it robust to outliers. The explanatory variables we use are Regional Original Revenue, General Allocation Fund, Foreign Investment, Regional Minimum Wage, Domestic Investment, Poverty, Per-Capita Expenditure, and Number of Job Vacancies. The analysis shows that the Robust I-GTWR model, especially the M-estimator, produces better model performance than the I-GTWR model in modeling West Java GRDP. The coefficient of determination made by the Robust I-GTWR method using the M-estimator is 94.62% with a mean absolute deviation value of 0.1491 and an Akaike Information Criterion value of 110.4899.

Management and outcomes of splenic injuries secondary to blunt trauma in patients presenting to major trauma hospitals in Aotearoa New Zealand.

Non-operative management of splenic injuries has significantly increased in the last decade with an increased emphasis on splenic preservation. This shift was assisted by increased availability of angioembolization, however, potential geographical variability in access exists in Aotearoa New Zealand (AoNZ). The aim of this study was to assess the management of splenic injury across AoNZ. Five-year retrospective study of all patients admitted to AoNZ hospitals with blunt major trauma and a splenic injury. Patients were identified using the National Trauma Registry and cross-referenced with the National Minimum Data Set to determine their management. The primary outcome was the non-operative rate. Seven hundred seventy-three patients were included. Four hundred sixty-nine presented to a tertiary major trauma hospital and 304 to a secondary major trauma hospital. A difference was found in the rate of non-operative management between tertiary and secondary hospitals (P = 0.019). The rate of non-operative management was similar in mild (P = 0.814) and moderate (P = 0.825) injuries, however, significantly higher in severe injuries in tertiary hospitals (P = 0.009). No difference in mortality rate was found. This study found a difference in the management of splenic injuries between tertiary and secondary major trauma hospitals; predominantly due to a higher rate of operative management in patients with severe injuries at secondary hospitals. Despite this, no difference in mortality rate was found between tertiary and secondary hospitals.

Impact of Minimum Wage, Inflation, and Economic Growth on Poverty in Yogyakarta Province

Poverty is a very complex problem caused by many factors. Poverty itself means that individuals lack the ability to fulfill the basic needs of life. Regional autonomy established by Indonesia requires regional governments to manage their respective territories. Yogyakarta Province has the highest poverty rate on the island of Java. Poverty occurs due to microeconomic factors. Minimum wages, inflation rates, and economic growth are among the macroeconomic factors that cause poverty. The aim of this research is to find out how Yogyakarta Province's minimum wage, inflation rate, and economic growth affect the province's poverty level. Panel data regression models are used in this type of quantitative research. Cross-sectional data from districts and cities in Yogyakarta Province for 2009–2023 were used in this study. Based on research findings, the poverty level of DI Yogyakarta Province is largely determined by the minimum wage and economic growth variables, while it is not influenced by the inflation variable.

The Effects of Trade Unions on Labour Market Outcomes

This paper explored the effects of trade unions on labour market outcomes. A trade union is any organisation of employees established to improve the conditions of employment of its members through the process of collective bargaining. The findings of the study revealed trade unions therefore attempt to improve the terms and conditions of employment of their members by the employer through the process of collective bargaining. Collective bargaining has become a determinant of production and labour costs. Between employers and employees in the competitive market, it aids in the distribution of added value. For employees, collective bargaining is a key factor for their income and sustainability on a dynamic labour market. Among employees, collective bargaining aids expressing solidarity through the ‘wage floors’ applying to different groups of workers at a given bargaining level. Hence, the ability of countries, especially developing countries like Nigeria, to be able to compete in the global marketplace depends to a reasonable extent, on their ability to transform industrial relations policies involving trade unions and collective bargaining so that they not only promote flexibility in the workplace but equally encourage the formation and effective use of human resources.

Impact of a physical exercise program on resilience level

Aging is a physiological process. In view of the changes that affect the elderly, there is a need for resilience in this context, essential for well-being. Objective: To analyze the resilience rates of the elderly, before and after the practice of physical activity. This is a quasi-experimental, quantitative, descriptive cross-sectional study, carried out with 100 elderly people. The participants completed the anamnesis and the “Wagnild and Young Resilience Scale”. There is an age group of 65 to 69 years old (37.8%), self-declared white (38.9%), user of UBS Augusto Franco (Augusto Franco) (62.2%), married (40%) , with incomplete primary education (26.7%), retired (40%), with a monthly family income of up to 2 minimum wages (57.8%), with the majority having increased levels of resilience subfacets: serenity, sense of life, self-confidence, self-sufficiency, perseverance. The data obtained indicate an increase in resilience with the practice of exercise, contributing to the improvement of health.

Sociodemographic profile, nutritional status and physical activity level of elderly people participating in a physical exercise program

To analyze the sociodemographic profile, nutritional status, and physical activity (PA) level of older people participating in a physical exercise program. 64 seniors (= 71.04±6.86 years) from the Academia Carioca Program, evaluated by anamnesis, International Physical Activity Questionnaires (IPAQ), modified Baecke for seniors, and body mass index (BMI). The group showed prevalence of 81.15% female, 34.38% with incomplete primary education, 64.06% taking care of the house/family, 42.20% divorced/widowed, 53.12% with income up to two minimum wages, 84.38% with preexisting diseases, 75.00% with a family history of diseases, 96.87% non-smokers, 67.19% do not drink. The Baecke score was = 17.83±5.24 (significant level of PA). According to the IPAQ, 70.30% were active. BMI was = 29.27±4.39kg/m2 (overweight). Despite the participants presenting themselves as active, the verified BMI is still in the overweight range, demonstrating that PA is insufficient to regularize the BMI values of elderly individuals.

Determinasi Pertumbuhan Ekonomi dan Upah Minimum Terhadap Penyerapan Tenaga Kerja di Tulungagung

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of economic growth and minimum wage on employment in Tulungagung from 2008-2022. This research is descriptive quantitative type, using multiple linear regression analysis and the data used are secondary data of ADHK GRDP, district minimum wage, and working population of Tulungagung obtained from the Tulungagung Central Statistics Agency (BPS). The results showed that the Economic Growth variable had a partially significant negative effect on employment in Tulungagung Regency with T value < T table (-5,213 < 1.782) and significant 0,000 < 0,05. Minimum Wage variable had a partially significant positive effect on employment in Tulungagung Regency with T value > T table (5,830 > 1.782) and significant 0,000 < 0,05. Meanwhile, Economic Growth and Minimum Wage simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on Labor absorption in Tulungagung Regency with F value > F table (17,003 > 3,89) and significant 0,000 < 0,05.

Pengaruh Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka, Tingkat Pendidikan, Upah Minimum Kerja dan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia Terhadap Jumlah Penduduk Miskin di Provinsi Lampung

Poverty is one of the fundamental problems that is of concern to the central government in any country, nationally and internationally. Indonesia is one of the countries that is still trapped in the problem of poverty which has not yet been completely resolved. This research aims to analyze the influence of open unemployment, government expenditure, human development index on the number of poor in Lampung Province. The research data used is secondary data from publications by the Lampung Province Central Statistics Agency. The independent variables in this research are the influence of Open Unemployment and the Human Development Index, while the dependent variable is the Number of Poor People. The analysis technique used is Multiple Regression Analysis with the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) Method. The research results show that Open Unemployment (TPT) research has a negative and insignificant effect on the number of poor people, education level (TP) has a negative and not significant effect on the number of poor people, the minimum wage (UMK) has a significant positive effect on the number of poor people, while the Human Development Index (HDI) has an insignificant negative effect on the number of poor people. The results of the F test, Open Unemployment, Government Expenditures and the Human Development Index have a simultaneous or equally significant positive effect on the Number of Poor People in Lampung Province.

New Developmentalism Under Neoliberalism: The Case of Brazil

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of Brazil's socioeconomic policies and growth models under the Brazilian Workers Party from 2003 to 2016. It examines two key growth models implemented in this process: namely, primary-export led and domestic consumption-oriented growth models. By utilizing official statistics and secondary sources, it shows that primary exports were the driving force behind economic growth in Brazil until 2006. It also indicates that after 2006, despite not being the main facilitator of economic growth, the exporting sectors continued to support the current account balance in Brazil, thanks to increasing global demand and prices for Brazilian primary commodities. Nevertheless, the post-2006 period in Brazil witnessed an increasing weight of domestic consumption in growth dynamics. This mainly results from expanding social transfers and income distribution programs, growing employment, and increasing minimum wages. The study demonstrates that Brazil's inclusive growth model was not sustainable due to the strong dependence of domestic accumulation on foreign capital inflows and external demand.

Determinan Tingkat Pengangguran : Peran Infasi dan Upah Minimum Di Provinsi Sumatera Utara Tahun 2009 Sampai 2023

High unemployment has become a significant issue in the province, which has great economic potential but faces challenges in reducing unemployment. In this analysis, economic and employment data of North Sumatra Province during the period were used to understand the relationship between inflation, minimum wage, and unemployment rate. The results of the analysis show that inflation has a significant influence on the unemployment rate in North Sumatra Province. High inflation can reduce people's purchasing power and create uncertainty in the labor market. In addition, the study also found that the minimum wage plays an important role in influencing the unemployment rate. Setting a minimum wage that is unbalanced or too high compared to labor productivity can limit the growth of new jobs.

AS THE IMPOVERISHED GET EVEN POORER: AN ANALYSIS ON THE IMPACT OF PHILIPPINE TRAIN LAW TO THE MINIMUM WAGE EARNER

In the Philippines, the TRAIN Law or tax reform for acceleration and inclusion legislation was put into effect in 2018. This law sought to significantly alter the nation's tax structure in order to increase money for poverty alleviation, healthcare, and infrastructure. One of the features of the law was to increase the income threshold below which minimum wage earners would not be required to pay income tax. But it also resulted in higher costs for goods and services, which had an effect on Metro Manila's level of living. This qualitative research examines the significant data and information based on the participant's experiences with the TRAIN law. Semi-structured questions were used in the in-depth interview to facilitate deeper clarification and additional discussion. The results show that the majority of the impact of the law on the poor is related to basic needs like food, for which they must cut their budget in order to survive because there are other expenses to consider, such as utility bills and debts. Moreover, it impacts an individual's emotional and overall health, including mental health concerns brought on by financial difficulties. Additionally, it has an impact on their social interaction because they tend to engage with others less frequently because they are preoccupied with the things that need significant financial outlays. Thus, it may be inferred that the poor income class households' standard of living declined with the introduction of TRAIN law. KEYWORDS: tax reform law, poverty alleviation, minimum wage earner

Pertimbangan Besaran Upah Minimum Kabupaten Banyumas OlehDewan Pengupahan Kabupaten Banyumas

This paper is entitled Considerations of the Banyumas Regency Minimum Wage Amount by the Banyumas RegencyWage Council. This study aims to determine the process of implementing the Banyumas Regency minimum wage in2023. This research is a sociological juridical research with the subject of study by the Banyumas RegencyManpower, Cooperatives and SMEs Service. The aim of this research is to build synergy between the BanyumasRegency Wage Council and the obstacles in determining the minimum wage in Banyumas Regency. Wages areincome received by workers in the form of money, which includes not only wages/salaries, but also overtime andallowances received on a regular basis, excluding holiday allowances which are annual, quarterly, and otherallowances which are not routine. Wages are all kinds of payments arising from work contracts, regardless of thetype of work, which are a form of income received by workers as compensation for the work they do. To determinethe district minimum wage in accordance with community standards, the district minimum wage is determined bythe government, namely the district Department of Manpower, Cooperatives and Small and Medium Enterprises.Keywords: Wages, Wage Council, Banyumas Regency

Impact of Economic Growth, Minimum Wage, Labor Force Participation Rate, and Population Size on the Open Unemployment

Unemployment is a complex economic issue where individuals capable and willing to work cannot find suitable employment. This study examines the impact of economic growth, minimum wage, labor force participation rate (LFPR), and population size on the open unemployment rate (OUR) in Sidoarjo Regency. Using secondary time series data from 2009 to 2023, a descriptive quantitative approach with multiple linear regression analysis was employed, processed with SPSS 25 software. The findings indicate that, simultaneously, all variables significantly influence the open unemployment rate (OUR). Specifically, economic growth shows a negative but insignificant effect, minimum wage has a positive significant effect, labor force participation rate (LFPR) exhibits a negative but insignificant effect, and population size demonstrates a negative significant effect. This study provides insights into the dynamics influencing unemployment in Sidoarjo Regency, highlighting the critical roles of minimum wage and population size in shaping the employment landscape. Understanding these factors can help policymakers develop strategies to reduce unemployment and promote economic stability.

Association between sex of the individual with untreated cleft lip and social judgement made by lay persons: A cross-sectional study.

To assess whether there is an association between an individual's sex and social judgements made by lay persons regarding untreated cleft lip. Lay individuals over 18 years old were recruited through an application to respond online to two questionnaires: a sociodemographic survey and the Brazilian Version of Lay Persons' Social Judgements about Cleft-lip Scale (B-LSojCleft-S). B-LSojCleft-S comprises 14 items evaluating social judgements made by laypersons concerning different types of untreated cleft lips in teenagers. The 14 items are linked to 8 images featuring untreated cleft lips and 1 image without a cleft (control). Higher scores represented more favourable social judgements. Independent samples t-test, paired, and multiple linear regression were conducted (P < 0.05). The study assessed judgements of untreated cleft lips in male and female adolescents using the B-LSojCleft-S. The mean age of the 217 participants was 37.78 ± 12.39 years, predominantly women (72.7%), married (47.7%), with a monthly income below three minimum wages (35.6%) in the majority of cases. Significantly higher social judgement scores were observed in the control group (no cleft) compared to any type of cleft (P < 0.001), with similar scores obtained for the same types of clefts with female or male images (P > 0.05). The participant's sex is associated with social judgement scores (F [1, 214] = 6.318, P = 0.013; adjusted R2 = 0.024), with females making more favourable judgements than males (P < 0.05). Individuals with cleft lips receive more negative social judgement scores, regardless of their own sex. Women make better social judgements than men.

Effectiveness of Short-Acting Opioid Escalation vs Initiation of a Long-Acting Opioid in Nursing Home Residents

ObjectivesModifications to opioid regimens for persistent pain are typically made after an initial period of short-acting opioid (SAO) use. Regimen changes may include an escalation of the SAO dosage or an initiation of a long-acting opioid (LAO) as a switch or add-on therapy. This study evaluates the comparative effectiveness between these alternative regimens in nursing home residents. DesignA retrospective observational cohort analysis of US long-stay nursing home residents. Setting and ParticipantsNursing home resident data were obtained from the national Minimum Dataset (MDS) version 3.0 and linked Medicare data, 2011–2016. MethodsOpioid regimen changes were identified using Part D dispensing claims to identify dosage escalation of SAOs, initiation of an LAO, or a switch to an LAO. Outcomes included indices of pain occurrence, frequency, and severity reported on the earliest MDS assessment within 3 months following the opioid regimen change. Resident attributes were described by opioid regimen cohort. Prevalence ratios of pain and depression indices were quantified using doubly robust inverse probability of treatment (IPT)-weighted log-binomial regression. ResultsThe study cohorts included 2072 SAO dose escalations, 575 LAO add-on initiations, and 247 LAO switch initiations. After IPT weighting, we observed comparable effects on pain and mood across the opioid regimen cohorts. A substantial number of residents continued to report frequent/constant pain (36% in SAO Escalation Cohort, 42% in LAO Add-on Cohort, 42% in the LAO Switch Cohort). The distribution of depressive symptoms was similar regardless of the opioid regimen change. Conclusions and ImplicationsInitiation of an LAO as an add-on to SAO or a switch from SAO had comparable effects on pain and mood to SAO dose escalation without initiation of an LAO. Although fewer residents reported any pain after the regimen change, persistent pain was reported by most residents.

Provincial Minimum Wage and Gender Disparity in Eastern Indonesia: A Panel Data Approach

This study aims to analyze the impact of the increase in the Provincial Minimum Wage on gender inequality in Eastern Indonesia. The data used is secondary data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) for the period 2017-2022, covering 14 provinces in the region. The analysis was carried out using panel data regression with the Random Effect Model (REM) method. The results showed that: The Provincial Minimum Wage had a negative impact on gender inequality in Eastern Indonesia during 2017-2022, meaning that any increase in the minimum wage could reduce gender inequality. Poverty negatively affects gender inequality, so an increase in poverty reduces gender inequality. The Women's Labor Force Participation Rate has a positive impact on gender inequality, so increasing women's participation in the labor force increases gender inequality. Economic growth negatively impacts gender inequality, which means that increased economic growth reduces gender inequality in Eastern Indonesia.

Pengaruh Upah Minimum Kabupaten (UMK) Di Kabupaten Wonosobo Terhadap Kesejahteraan Pekerja

Wages are often one of the issues that is always in the spotlight. This is because many companies and entrepreneurs have complied with the Regency Minimum Wage (UMK) or even above the UMK standard, showing their commitment to worker welfare. However, in fact there are still a number of companies that have not fulfilled this obligation and pay wages below the UMK standard. This creates disparities in the protection of workers' rights and highlights the need for tighter supervision and stricter law enforcement to ensure all companies comply with applicable labor regulations. This research aims to analyze the influence of the Regency Minimum Wage (UMK) in Wonosobo Regency on Workers' Welfare. This research discusses the importance of MSE policy in improving community welfare. The implication of the proposed policy is the need for continuous adjustment of the MSE in accordance with the level of inflation and economic growth, as well as expanding efforts to increase productivity and workforce skills to support the overall welfare of society in Wonosobo Regency.

How much (more) is fair to pay? The ethics of merit in assessing poverty wages in organizations

Purpose This study aims to conduct a comprehensive analysis of poverty salaries and minimum wage in light of virtue ethics and a new natural law perspective on work. Design/methodology/approach Existing approaches to poverty wages are critically examined, including the nonworseness claim and legal minimalism. This paper introduces a more nuanced framework, taking into account the concepts of merit and participation in light of virtue ethics. Findings We argue that the fairness of minimum wage policies can be assessed as a matter of contributive-distributive justice by considering individual contributions to an organization's outcomes within an approach that provides a robust foundation for reconciling the dignity of work with the operational realities of organizations. Research limitations/implications Empirical research is needed to validate the practical application of the proposed conceptual framework for addressing poverty wages. Practical implications The paper provides better decisional arguments for employers concerned with poverty salaries in their organizations considering the moral dimensions of wage policies and employee well-being, offering guidance for potential adjustments in compensation practices. It also contributes to the discourse on social and economic justice by emphasizing the moral obligations of organizations in fostering a just and dignified work environment without the employee's participation. Originality/value This paper presents a novel approach that blends virtue ethics and new natural law principles, emphasizing the moral responsibilities of employers and organizations in addressing the conditions of the working poor. It also highlights the potential for a “lesser evil” situation, morally acceptable when it serves as a transitional phase aimed at improving working conditions and employee well-being.

Mapping the Livelihood Vulnerabilities of Women Informal Workers in Coimbatore District During Covid-19

The present study was undertaken to examine the women informal worker’s socio economic profiles, nature of work and challenges faced by them during COVID – 19 in Coimbatore district. Empirical research design has been adopted. Primary data has been collected from women informal workers residing in Coimbatore District. Five specific informal sector groups namely, construction workers, street vendors, waste-pickers, domestic workers and homeless persons have been considered for the study. Considering that a very limited database of informal sector workers exists, sample of 149 informal workers in 11 taluks of Coimbatore District has been chosen using snow-ball sampling technique. Interview schedule will be adopted to collect data from the women workers. Data collected has been analyzed using Percentage analysis and weighted average ranking method. The findings of the study reveals that the COVID-19 lockdown have increased debt of the women in informal sector. The study also found that the expectations of this workforce from the government, including minimum wages, job security, and improved workplace safety. Overall, these findings call for targeted interventions and policy measures to address the specific needs and challenges faced by women informal workers, ultimately contributing to their resilience and well-being.