Minimum Limit Research Articles

Application of the CART Method to Determine the Amount of Credit Limit in KIS Syariah Cooperatives

For the purpose of giving credit, financial institutions conduct analysis. The credit limit must be changed based on the customer’s capacity to pay. A crucial task that must be completed is determining the limit by looking at a lot of factors, particularly the financial one, which includes cooperatives that provide microloans. One of them, Koperasi Simpan Pinjam dan Pembiayaan Syariah Kebajikan Ikamatabagsel Sejahtera (KSPPS KIS), does not strictly rely the determination of the credit limit on analysis, which causes credit issues to continue to arise. The percentage of cooperative consumers with the biggest current credit status has a minimum limit of IDR 2,200,000, with a duration of less than 50 weeks, according to the findings of an analysis utilizing the CART method and data from 173 customers of the KIS Cooperative. This section serves as a gauge for the credit limit’s size at the time of analysis. This demonstrates that a time of less than 50 weeks will result in a lower level of non-current credit status than a period of more than 50 weeks and other variables such as the ratio of expenses, the value of costs, and income. Future studies should be able to include more variables that cooperatives can evaluate when deciding credit limits.

Algorithms and mathematical model for determining shunt power of intelligent track section control sensor

The normal operating state of jointless and butt track circuits depends on the state of change in the insulation resistance; respectively, the correct choice of the maximum and minimum limit resistance characteristics should be considered. The maximum and minimum limit resistance depends on the power consumption of the unlimited track circuit in the normal and the mode of movement of the wheelset at the supply end of the rail line. The article presents a study of an intelligent track circuit without insulated joints, where logical elements replace all the equipment of mechanical and electrical energy converters. The research aims to determine the shunt that affects the definition of the movable block, respectively, the definition of the power of the shunt. The method consists in choosing a sensor, namely an intelligent track control sensor, and developing a mathematical model for determining the shunt power, which provides the influence of the shunt on the track circuit. Research carried out for track circuits with insulating joints has shown that with the value of the argument, modulus, and synthesis of the maximum-minimum limit resistance when the supply end is shunted, the maximum power will be the least minimum Rkmax. Because of the lack of more accurate data for an intelligent control sensor, studies were carried out.

Utvrđivanje sadržaja hroma, arsena i nikla u poljoprivrednom zemljištu opštine Topola

The content of potentially toxic elements chromium (Cr), arsenic (As) and nickel (Ni), in the agricultural land of the municipality of Topola was examined in this paper, with a presentation of geographic and natural characteristics of the municipality and the land use of agricultural land. The municipality has a central position in Serbia and it is characterized by favourable conditions for growing agricultural cultures. The content of Cr in the land in most cases is between the minimum limit value (MLV) and remediation value (RV), while the content of As on 87% of the examined areas is lower than the MLV, and the content of Ni on 94% of the areas is between the values of the MLV and the RV. It is necessary to take measures of prevention of the use of agricultural land for non-agricultural purposes and fragmentation of arable agricultural land as well as implementing the control of soil fertility.

SUSCEPTIBILITY ASSESSMENT OF EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED LANDSLIDES: THE 2018 PALU, SULAWESI MW 7.5 EARTHQUAKE, INDONESIA

A catastrophic Palu earthquake on September 28th, 2018 with Mw 7.5 triggered countless slope failures, generating numerous landslides. This paper presents a practical method for susceptibility assessment of earthquake-induced landslides in the Palu region and the surrounding area. The statistical weight of evidence (WoE) model was used to assess the relationship between landslides induced by seismic motion and its causative factors to determine the susceptibility level and derive an earthquake-induced landslide susceptibility map of this study area. The 1273 landslides were classified into two data series, training data for modelling (70%) and test data for validation (30%). The six selected thematic maps as landslide causative factors are lithology, land use, peak ground acceleration (PGA), and slope (gradient, aspect, elevation). The selection of causative factors considerably influences the frequency of landslides in the area. The result is satisfactory because the AUC value of the chosen model excelled the minimum limit, which is 0.6 (60%). The estimated success rate of the model is 85.7%, which shows that the relevancy of the model is good with the occurrence of landslides. The prediction rate of 84.6% indicates that the applied model is very good at predicting new landslides.

Construção e validação de tecnologia educacional sobre a vacina contra o papilomavírus humano para adolescentes

ABSTRACT Objectives: to construct and validate an educational technology in comic book format about the human papillomavirus vaccine aimed at adolescents. Methods: a methodological study, with a quantitative approach, through the agreement method. It was carried out in two phases: educational technology construction and content validity. Participants are expert judges in the health field. Data collection took place in a virtual environment, through a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed by calculating the Content Validity Index. A Content Validity Index of at least 80% was accepted. Results: the comic book’s overall Content Validity Index was 82%, reaching the minimum limit established to be validated. Conclusions: comics are fundamental in the teaching-learning process, aiming to catch adolescents’ attention. Therefore, it is characterized as a valid tool to inform, in a playful manner, about the human papillomavirus vaccine.

Sanctioning violations of free honorarium services by notary: Is it allowed?

The purpose of this writing is to understand how the standardization of notary honorarium is regulated in the legislation and how sanctions are imposed by the Notary Supervisory Council on violations committed by Notaries related to the provision of free honorarium to their clients. This normative legal research method contains norm problems that occur from the blurring of norms in the Notary Position Law with the Notary Code of Ethics in matters related to notaries being obliged to provide services free of charge to parties who are unable, while there are norms from the Notary Position that do not allow obtaining honorarium below the minimum limit of association regulations. This research contains legal sources, namely; primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. The results of the study found that the regulation on honorarium that applies to notaries is Article 36 of the UUJN related to the maximum amount of honorarium received by the Notary and Article 37 of the UUJN related to notaries being obliged to provide legal services free of charge, but on the other hand notaries can be subject to code of ethics penalties if they violate the provisions contained in Article 4 number 10 of the KEN related to the lowest limit of honorarium set by the association, Violations related to the honorarium for preparing deeds trigger Notaries to receive Code of Ethics sanctions.

Prolonged postoperative hypoaldosteronism related to hyperkalemia in patients with aldosterone-producing adenoma.

Hyperkalemia is developed in a part of patients with aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) after adrenalectomy, suspected to be due to the insufficiency of aldosterone secretion. The purpose of this study is to determine the frequency and characteristics of prolonged postoperative hypoaldosteronism (PPHA) using chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA). We studied 58 patients with APA with long time after adrenalectomy and whose PAC was measured using a CLEIA kit. The PAC value measured using CLEIA was significantly lower than that of using RIA between two consecutive visits before and after the shift of measuring method of PAC (median [interquantile range], 123.0 [99.8-164.0] vs. 39.5 [15.8-64.2] pg/mL, p < 0.01). PAC was below the minimum limit of quantification (4.0 pg/mL) of the CLEIA kit at least once in nine patients (15.5%) who had PPHA. The PPHA group were older (mean ± standard deviation, 61.3 ± 8.5 vs. 50.5 ± 10.1 years, p < 0.01) and had lower eGFR (60.3 ± 14.0 vs. 82.3 ± 22.8 mL/min/1.73 m2, p < 0.01) than the non-PPHA group. The frequency of postoperative hyperkalemia (maximum serum potassium >5.5 mEq/L) was higher in the PPHA group than in the non-PPHA group (55.6% vs. 8.2%, p < 0.01). In conclusion, a few patients with APA long time after adrenalectomy had unmeasurable PAC using CLEIA. PPHA is likely to develop in patients with APA after adrenalectomy who are older and have impaired renal function. Additionally, PPHA is related to the occurrence of postoperative hyperkalemia.

A Feasibility Analysis of the Infrared Thermography Technique in Surface Crack Detection for High‐Speed Rail Slab Track

The surface crack on track slab is the main cause of the service reliability deterioration of the high‐speed rail (HSR) slab track. To realize the rapid and accurate detection of these cracks, infrared thermography (IRT) can be regarded as an effective way in HSR application. However, the performance of IRT can be significantly affected by the testing environment. This study aims to analyze the feasibility of IRT in crack detection for HSR slab track by investigating the key factors affecting the detection accuracy. Firstly, the principle of IRT in detecting surface crack of track slab is given, and the key factors influencing the detection performance are discussed. Considering the difficulty in conducting field tests for slab tracks, this study establishes a finite element (FE) model to simulate the temperature field of track slab with surface cracks. This model is verified by using the field measurement results of track slab temperature. With the FE model, the effects of detection time, ambient temperature, and sensitivity of the thermal imager on the detection accuracy are revealed. The results show that, during the window time for track maintenance (0:00 am–3:00 am), the difference of temperature between crack areas and noncrack areas gradually increases with time, so it is recommended to conduct detection during 2:00–3:00 am; under the condition of no auxiliary heat source, the crack detection is suggested to be arranged in summer with a high incidence of crack; the minimum limit of thermal sensitivity of thermal imager is below 108mk@25°C. The findings in this research can offer guidance for the implementation of IRT‐based crack detection for HSR slab crack.

Changes in Marriage Age Limits and Marriage Dispensations: A Study of Causes and Impacts on the Religious Courts in North Sulawesi

This study aimed to analyze the impact of the enactment of Law Number 16 of 2019, the causes of the application for marriage dispensations, and the judge’s reasons for the marriage dispensation grant. This research was necessary due to the establishment of Law Number 16 of 2019 concerning amendments to Law Number 1 of 1974 regarding Marriage—which aims for equality in the minimum age limit in marriage, namely 19 for both men and women—that increases the number of applications for marriage dispensations in Religious Courts. This study is empirical legal research with a phenomenological approach. The study found that the law’s enactment brought some positive impacts, such as protection of the rights of minors, assurance of physically and mentally healthy offspring (as a result of maturely married couples), reduction of women’s vulnerability to domestic violence, and suppression of marital problems. On the other hand, however, this law caused an increase in the application for marriage dispensations at all Religious Courts in North Sulawesi. Meanwhile, reasons for marriage dispensation requests included pregnancy out of wedlock, the influence of local customs/traditions, economic concerns, parents’ will for child marriage, parents’ effort in preventing their children from acts contrary to religious norms, uncontrolled socializing, and elderly parents’ property bequeathment. Regarding the judge’s judgment in granting marriage dispensations, considerations were made on a case-by-case basis. In conclusion, the law distinguishing the minimum age of marriage between men and women should be non-existent because it will only hinder the fundamental rights or constitutional rights of every citizen, as guaranteed in Article 28B paragraphs (1) and (2) of the Indonesian Constitution.

Thermal Transfer Analysis for Sports Footwear, for Performance Athletes, during Volleyball Training

The purpose of this paper is a social one, to present various experimental thermal analyses of sports footwear to identify the areas that ensure the best foot ventilation for comfort in movement. The mechanical properties of the analyzed footwear were determined on the Nano Indenter Agilent G200, with the help of which Young’s modulus was determined according to ISO 14577. Thermography measurements were performed at the Oradea University Sports Club. The FLIR SC 640 thermal imaging camera was used, which is a portable thermographic scanning equipment. The measurements were performed on eight athletes (subjects) in a volleyball training session, wearing sports footwear (Asics and Mizuno). Thermographic recordings were made during training at five different times: moment zero (before the start of training), moment one (2 min of training), moment two (5 min of training), moment three (15 min of training), and moment four (at the end of the volleyball training session). For the other three subjects, although having different models of the same sports footwear, the analysis of the thermal distribution values shows they are within the minimum and maximum limits of the five subjects analyzed in the paper. Based on the thermographic recording values obtained, a mathematical model was determined using polynomial regression to predict temperature values outside the range of the experimental data. In the present paper, research was carried out in order to identify the thermal variations of indoor sports shoes used in volleyball training so as to detect the heat exchange between the foot and the outdoor environment. Whether we are talking about winter sports or sports that take place in other atmospheric conditions, the comfort given by the optimal temperature at the level of each body segment is certainly reflected in the level of performance achieved.

Dialecticism in the Tauragė zone: the changing realization of dialectal features (from the second half of the 20th century to the 2010s)

Mobility and interaction with speakers of other (sub)dialects are two of the most important factors driving the change in the Southern Žemaitian subdialect of Raseiniai. Movement towards more socioculturally and infrastructurally stronger locations within the neighbouring (sub)dialects (Western Žemaitian, Southern Žemaitian of Varniai, Western Aukštaitian of Kaunas) has caused the formation of a separate zone in the south-western part of the Southern Žemaitian subdialect of Raseiniai. Characterised by communicational links, this zone includes 15 points of the „Atlas ofthe Lithuanian Language“ (Lietuvių kalbos atlasas; hereinafter – LKA): Vainutas (LKA 356), Žvingiai (LKA 357), Pagramantis (LKA 358), Lomiai (LKA 359), Batakiai (LKA 360), Skaudvilė (LKA 361), Petkaičiai (LKA 362), Žygaičiai (LKA 390), Jociai (LKA 391), Stragutė (LKA 392), Joniškė (LKA 393), Pašaltuonys (LKA 394), Eržvilkas (LKA 395), Rūgaliai (LKA 463) ir Eičiai (LKA 464). The migration of Žemaitian communities prompted the formation of a transitionalTauragė geolect. A three-generational study of dialecticism in the area confirms intense changeability and variability of dialectal features – the characteristics of a transitional geolect.This article analyses the realization of dialectal features in the Southern Žemaitian subdialect of Raseiniai based on dialectal texts collected during the second half of the 20th century and the sound recordings obtained during the 2010s. This data was collected from seven LKA points within the Tauragė zone (Vainutas (LKA 356), Žvingiai (LKA 357), Pagramantis (LKA 358), Lomiai (LKA 359), Skaudvilė (LKA 361), Žygaičiai (LKA 390), and Jociai (LKA 391)) deemed tobe most representative of the subdialect in the 20th century. When the realization of dialectal features during these two periods was compared, differences were found not only in terms of the time segment but also within virtually all LKA points and fragments of dialectal materials supplied by every respondent. The average dialecticism scores show that the residents of the Tauragė zone spoke the traditional variant of the subdialect (dialectal speech) in the second half of the 20th century but moved towards a less traditional variant by the 2010s. This is also summarised and confirmed in the diagrams of dialecticism values.During the research, differences between the minimum and maximum limits of dialecticism were identified and the range of dialecticism indexes was determined. The results prove that the Tauragė zone has been dialectally heterogenous since the second half of the 20th century. In just over sixty years the area has experienced a rather dynamic transition from dialect speech to the less traditional variant. Therefore, a greater degree of variation across the dialecticism scores of the sound recordings, compared to those observed in the text fragments, leads to theconclusion that the change in the subdialect is becoming increasingly faster in the 21st century due to the processes of convergence.

ANALISIS SISTEM DISTRIBUSI AIR BERSIH MENGGUNAKAN EPANET 2.0 DI PDAM TIRTA LANGKISAU UNIT PELAYANAN LUMPO

Lumpo Service Unit is one of the clean water service units in PDAM Tirta Langkisau, Pesisir Selatan Regency, which serves parts of IV Jurai District. The Lumpo Service Unit currently has a production capacity of 3 l/sec or still 24% of the total served population and a fairly high water loss rate (35% or 2,671 m 3 ). This study aims to analyze the clean water needs of the community in the Lumpo Unit area from 2021 and 2025 and analyze the condition of the clean water distribution network system in the Lumpo Service Unit in 2021 and 2025. Analysis of the water distribution system network was carried out using Epanet 2.0. It was found that the water demand in 2021 was 5.45 l/s (22.51 l/s at a service level of 100%) and there was an increase in 2025, namely 28.23 l/s. Analysis of the piping distribution network in 2025 shows that 27 out of a total of 49 junctions have water pressure below the minimum limit for distribution pipe criteria from PERMEN PU No. 18/PRT/M/2007, as well as 13 out of 50 total pipes with water flow rates below the minimum limit of the same criteria of 0.3 m/s.

AGE – AS THE BASIS OF MINIMUM AGE OF CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY (Analysis of International and National legislation)

The topic of the scientific work is relevant both in international and national legislation. The minimum age of criminal liability is the limit from which the state begins to implement its repressive measures against minors. Therefore, it is important to regulate the minimum age in such a way that it is in harmony with the bio-psycho-social condition of the minor and to achieve the goals of criminal law, in terms of analyzing the committed crime, and at the same time, the main goal of punishment in juvenile justice, such as resocialization-rehabilitation, is achievable. The article analyzes from which age the actions committed in the person of a person are analyzed, which should be directly related to the establishment of the minimum age limit. In addition, international approaches are compared with national legislation. It is worth noting that in the reality of Georgia, such an important institution as referral has been implemented, which does not leave minors under the minimum age, who have committed deviant actions, unresponsive. In the paper, the issues determining the criminal liability of a minor are discussed logically, after which the national legislation and international approaches are discussed. It is shown how important it is to correctly perceive/analyze the mentioned issue for the development of juvenile justice, and as a conclusion, the conformity of national approaches with internationally recognized best practice is shown, especially with the existence of such an important institution as – referral, thus, on the one hand, the state does not leave deviant cases without a response. The behavior, on the other hand, is prevented in the future by resocialization-rehabilitation of the minor.

Juridical Analysis of the Practice of Child Marriage in the Onto Village, Bantaeng Regency

This study examines the analysis of Islamic Law and National Law in addressing the practice of Child Marriage that occurred in the Onto Village, Bantaeng Regency. The purpose of this research is to build synergy between the Islamic Family Law study program and the local government regarding the prevention of child marriage and provide education regarding the ideal minimum age for marriage from a legal and health perspective. This type of research is field research with data collection methods, observation, documentation and interviews with several parties concerned directly with the object of this research. Research data were obtained from two sources, namely interviews, legal counselling, and questionnaires which are the primary data sources. While the second is books, journals, and literature related to marriage which are secondary data sources in this study. The results of this study indicate that child marriage that occurs in the Onto Village community is dilator due to several factors, namely the lack of public understanding regarding the minimum age limit for marriage regulated in law, as well as the psychological and reproductive health impacts, especially for the bride, and also economic factors. So that the implications of this research will give birth to the dissemination of ideal marriage to the community along with the development of child psychology and the dynamics of existing laws.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: Islamic Law, National Law, Child Marriage

Analisis Perubahan Ketiga Undang-Undang Mahkamah Konstitusi Ditinjau dari Perspektif Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan Di Indonesia

The third amendment to the Constitutional Court Act drew a lot of criticism, especially regarding the urgency of the change, considering that the Constitutional Court Law is not included in the priority prolegnas in 2020. There are two issues of the third amendment to the Constitutional Court Law that are highlighted in this article, namely, The Material Analysis of the Third Amendment to the Constitutional Court Law is based on the Regulation on the Formation of Laws and Regulations and the Formal Analysis of the Third Amendment to the Constitutional Court Law In terms of the Law on the Formation of Laws and Regulations. The research method used is a type of normative research. The approaches used in this study are the statute approach, case approach and concept approach using prescriptive analysis. The results of the analysis show that (1) Materially, the Third Amendment to the Constitutional Court Law is based on the Regulation on the Establishment of Laws and Regulations, it is noted that the Third Amendment to the Constitutional Court Law has defects in its amendments, namely regarding the minimum limit of age to be able to become a constitutional judge and regarding the abolition of the period of periodization of constitutional judges which is considered contrary to the constitution or unconstitutional. and (2) Formally, the Third Amendment to the Constitutional Court Law In view of the Law on the Establishment of Laws and Regulations of the Constitutional Court Law, the third amendment has been formally flawed in its amendments, where there are several provisions that are not in accordance with the format of preparation as intended in Law Number 12 of 2011 jo Law Number 15 of 2019 concerning the Establishment of Laws and Regulations (P3 Law).

Detection of rabies virus via exciton energy transfer between CdTe quantum dots and Au nanoparticles.

Rabies is a fatal encephalitis caused by the rabies virus. The diagnosis of the disease depends in large part on the exposure history of the victim and clinical manifestations of the disease. Rapid rabies diagnosis is an important step in its prevention and control. Therefore, for accurate and timely diagnosis and prevention of rabies, we developed nanomaterials for a novel photoelectrochemical biosensing approach (PBA) for the rapid and reliable diagnosis of rabies virus. This approach uses high-efficiency exciton energy transfer between cadmium telluride quantum dots and Au nanoparticles and is low cost, and easy to miniaturize. By constructing PBA, rabies virus can be detected quickly and with a high degree of sensitivity and specificity; the minimum detection concentration limit for rabies virus is approximately 2.16 ffu/mL of rabies virus particles, or 2.53 × 101 fg/mL of rabies virus RNA. PBA could also detect rabies virus in the brain and lung tissue from rabid dogs and mice with better sensitivity than RT-PCR.

THE POSITION OF SUPREME COURT REGULATION NUMBER 5 OF 2019 REGARDING GUIDELINES FOR ADDITIONING APPLICATIONS FOR MARRIAGE DISPENSATION POST THE REVISION OF THE MARRIAGE LAW

The birth of Supreme Court Regulation Number 5 of 2019 concerning Guidelines for Trialing Applications for Dispensation of Marriage is certainly a legal instrument as a means of achieving justice, certainty and benefits for justice seekers, especially as a condition for marriage under the minimum age limit for marriage after the revision of the marriage law. The purpose of this study is to examine the position of Supreme Court Regulation Number 5 of 2019 concerning Guidelines for Trialing Applications for Dispensation of Marriage. This research uses normative method. The background findings of Supreme Court Regulation Number 5 of 2019 concerning Guidelines for Trying Marriage Dispensation Applications to complete the legal vacuum after the revision of the Marriage Law in providing a legal umbrella for the process of adjudicating applications for marriage dispensation which so far have not been clearly regulated in laws and regulations. Position of Supreme Court Regulation Number 5 of 2019 Regarding Guidelines for Adjudicating Applications for Marriage Dispensation, judges must ensure that children's statements are heard in court as an effort to prevent violations of children's rights.

Chemistry Learning Module Based on Student Characteristics in The New Normal Era

Modules are very useful for students if they are developed based on student characteristics for entrepreneurship courses in the new normal era. For this reason, the objective of this study was to describe the development of STEM-based chemistry learning module based on the characteristics of chemistry students in the new normal era for the entrepreneurship course. The topic of entrepreneurship discussed in this study was goat weight gain. The subjects of this study were the fifth semester students of Chemistry Education. The research method was descriptive. The data were triangulated based on the results of interview, documentation, and questionnaire. The questionnaire was valid with a reliability coefficient of 0.763, greater than the minimum limit of 0.600. The results showed that the students strongly agreed to like to read (35,7%), motivated (35,7), liked to search the internet (78,57%) and 78.57% of them studied the topic of gaining the weight of peanut goats by reading module, and 82.14% of them liked partnership in goat entrepreneurship. The conclusion is that the chemistry learning module has been developed for the entrepreneurship course, and the module is based on student characteristics and STEM, and is characterized by chemistry, which fulfill the research objectives.

Legal and psychological aspects of determining age of criminal responsibility

The article presents a comparativist analysis of the age limit of the subject of criminal responsibility. The age as a characteristic of the subject of crime is considered in the context of determining the criteria on which the legislator should rely when setting the minimum age limit. These should include both legal and psychological indicators. Among the psychological indicators, the sufficiency of mental development is important, as well as the ability of the person to consciously selective behavior. The arguments of supporters and opponents of lowering the age limit of criminal liability from 16 and 14 years to 14 and 12 years respectively are evaluated. The authors conclude that today there is no need to adjust the age of criminal responsibility downwards.

Rasch Modelling to Assess Psychometric Validation of the Knowledge about Tuberculosis Questionnaire (KATUB-Q) for the General Population in Indonesia.

This study aims to validate and evaluate the psychometric properties of the knowledge about tuberculosis questionnaire (KATUB-Q) for the general population in Indonesia. The KATUB-Q consists of three domains: general knowledge, transmission, and treatment, with 20 dichotomous items. Rasch analysis through WINSTEPS was used. A total of 504 respondents from 34 provinces in Indonesia completed the survey. Based on the model fit statistics, 3 misfit items were deleted and 17 items were used. Item and person reliability, as well as Cronbach's Alpha values were 0.99, 0.63, and 0.73, respectively, which means they achieved the minimum acceptable limit of 0.6. Based on the results, Indonesia's Person ability analysis indicated a high level of knowledge. KATUB-Q has no significant bias item based on sex found in the differential item functioning analysis. KATUB-Q has 17 items with a valid and reliable instrument; hence, it can be used to measure the knowledge about TB in the general population. The unidimensional structure of the core items of the KATUB-Q provides empirical evidence for using the sum score of the items in practice to evaluate the effectiveness of TB education in the general population.