Minimal State Research Articles

Minimal Matrix Product States and Generalizations of Mean-Field and Geminal Wave Functions.

Simple wave functions of low computational cost but which can achieve qualitative accuracy across the whole potential energy surface (PES) are of relevance to many areas of electronic structure theory as well as to applications to dynamics. Here, we explore a class of simple wave functions, the minimal matrix product state (MMPS), that generalizes many simple wave functions in common use, such as projected mean-field wave functions, geminal wave functions, and generalized valence bond states. By examining the performance of MMPSs for PESs of some prototypical systems, we find that they yield good qualitative behavior across the whole PES, often significantly improving on the aforementioned ansätze.

Herbal Medicine for Vascular Dementia: An Overview of Systematic Reviews.

Vascular dementia (VaD), a severe neurologic condition related to aging of the cerebrovascular structure, has been treated with herbal medications and products. In this overview of systematic reviews (SRs) on the effects of herbal medications, we aimed to summarize the current clinical evidence on the benefits of herbal drugs and to propose an evidence map outlining their effects on VaD. SRs assessing their effects on cognitive function or performance and the associated safety, published until December 2018, were located from PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System. A Measurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews 2 was used to assess their overall confidence. A bubble plot was proposed to present the depth and width of the current status of the evidence supporting the use of individual herbal drugs. Ten SRs (4 on individual herbal medications and 6 on various herbal drugs) were included. The overall evidence on herbal medicines suggests that they are effective in improving cognitive function and performance. Individual herbal medications including FuFangHaiShe, NaoXinTong, YinDanXing- NaoTong, NaoMaiTai, ShenFuTang, and TongXinLuo showed favourable effects when assessed via a minimal mental state examination score but have limited evidence supporting their effectiveness due to the scarcity of randomized controlled trials. Concerning safety, most SRs did not outline the estimated risk ratio of adverse events. Herbal medications might have benefits for VaD patients but they need to be evaluated further.

N-th parafermion {mathcal{W}}_N characters from U(N) instanton counting on \u21022/\u2124n

We propose, following the AGT correspondence, how the {mathcal{W}}_{N,n}^{mathrm{para}} (n-th parafermion {mathcal{W}}_N ) minimal model characters are obtained from the U(N ) instanton counting on ℂ2/ℤn with Ω-deformation by imposing specific conditions which remove the minimal model null states.

Walking Speed and Maximal Knee Flexion During Gait After Total Knee Arthroplasty: Minimal Clinically Important Improvement Is Not Determinable; Patient Acceptable Symptom State Is Potentially Useful

BackgroundTotal knee arthroplasty (TKA) is the operation of choice in patients with end-stage knee osteoarthritis (OA). Up to 1 in 5 patients still encounter functional limitations after TKA, partly explaining patient dissatisfaction. Which gait ability to target after TKA remains unclear. To determine whether Minimal Clinical Important Improvement (MCII) or Patient Acceptable Symptom State (PASS) values could be derived from gait parameters recorded in patients with TKA. And, if so, to define those values. MethodsIn this ancillary study, we retrospectively analyzed gait parameters of patients scheduled for a unilateral TKA between 2011 and 2013. We investigated MCII and PASS values for walking speed and maximal knee flexion using anchor-based methods: 5 anchoring questions based on perceived body function and patients’ satisfaction. ResultsOver the study period, 79 patients performed a clinical gait analysis the week before and 1 year after surgery, and were included in the present study. All clinical and gait parameters improved 1 year after TKA. Nevertheless, changes in gait outcomes were not associated with perceived body function or patients’ satisfaction, precluding any MCII estimation in gait parameters. PASS values, however, could be determined as 1.2 m/s for walking speed and 50° for maximal knee flexion. ConclusionIn this study, we found that MCII and PASS values are not necessarily determinable for gait parameters after TKA in patients with end-stage OA. Using anchor questions based on perceived body function and patient’s satisfaction, MCII could not be defined while PASS values were potentially useful. Level of evidenceLevel III

Effects of comprehensive rehabilitation on complications and long-term prognoses of patients in vegetative and minimal consciousness states.

To understand the clinical characteristics, prognoses, and prognostic factors of vegetative state (VS) and minimal consciousness state (MCS) patients hospitalized for comprehensive rehabilitation. The data of VS and MCS patients admitted in the past six years were retrospectively analyzed. Age of onset, etiology, course of disease, complications, and retention of tracheal intubation, gastric tube, and urethral catheter were recorded. All patients were followed for one year after onset, and their Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) scores were assessed. Long-term prognostic factors were analyzed using logistic regression. The proportion of patients with traumatic brain injuries in the MCS group was higher than in the VS group (p<0.05), while hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy accounted for a higher proportion in the VS group; the differences were statistically significant between the two groups. The occurrence of infection was the highest in both groups, followed by spasticity and epilepsy. The occurrence of other complications was slightly different between the two groups but did not reach statistical significance (p>0.05). Age, etiology, and consciousness at admission had a significant impact on the long-term prognoses of VS or MCS patients (p<0.05), and the age of onset was the most important factor (the highest OR). Infection, spasticity, and epilepsy are common complications in both VS and MCS patients. Recovery of consciousness after one year was shown to be affected by age, etiology, and consciousness at admission.

English

The foundation of Nigeria&rsquo;s problems lies in its historical development. This is linked to the swift design by predatory colonial masters aimed at achieving their political economy in colonialization of Africa. Sequel to the amalgamation of the southern and northern protectorates in 1914, Nigeria&rsquo;s minimal state has continued to witness serial and intractable agitations, political interplays and intrigues and aspirations of statesmen and nationalists turned into defensive, mutual distrusts and regionalized. The social formation was at disequilibrium, hence, heightening the rate of agitations from different quarters. More worrisome is ever increasing calls for reformulation and restructuring of ailing Nigerian federal practice characterized by centripetal forces. However, it is based on this backdrop that the paper sets to interrogate the organic composition of Nigerian federalism; constitutional conferences and logic of political restructuring and the implications of Nigerians&rsquo; perceptive on restructuring question. Methodologically, the paper appropriated documentary method and data were ostensibly generated through secondary sources of data collection and analyzed in content. The theoretical framework of analysis for the study was adequately anchored on the classical political economy paradigm as pioneered by Karl Marx; and validated through the writings of Ake, Alavi and Ifesinachi. The findings of the study had significantly revealed that federalism in Nigeria is more or less a feeding bottle system. Also implicated is that Nigerian state has failed to foster social engineering and nation-building, thereby enhancing agitations for restructuring. The paper recommends the need to devolve powers to other tiers of government other than concentration of power at center. &nbsp; Key words: Morbid federalism, minimal state, Nigeria, restructuring, national development.

Compensation, Consent, and the Minimal State

Compensation, Consent, and the Minimal State

Saúde global e o fenômeno da globalização: uma revisão integrativa da literatura

Saúde Global é uma expressão polissêmica, mas fortemente identificada como resposta às problemáticas relativas ao campo da Saúde, relativamente novos, que atingem países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento, quanto países subdesenvolvidos. Problemas como surtos de doenças que podem ser evitadas por vacinação, crises sanitárias e humanitárias, índices elevados de obesidade, uso irrestrito dos recursos naturais, dentre outros. Neste sentido, este artigo objetiva mostrar na literatura atual como o campo Saúde Global está se configurando, vinculado aos processos de globalização contemporâneos. Metodologicamente, o estudo se deu por meio de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, com destaque para as produções cientificas publicadas a partir dos anos 2000. Os principais resultados do artigo mostram que Saúde Global é um campo que envolve a relação diplomática entre os países, remodelação no papel de agências consideradas hegemônicas no século 20, como a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), proximidade horizontal entre os países no desenvolvimento de políticas em Saúde, participação de atores da sociedade civil e do segundo setor, o reconhecimento da diversidade cultural, política e social, e a necessidade de compreensão dos determinantes ambientais de saúde. Por outro lado, mostra os seus limites de atuação prática em contextos marcados por princípios neoliberais, de intervenção mínima estatal, uma vez que os resultados positivos em Saúde Global dependem da atuação de sistemas nacionais de saúde fortes.

COMPETENCE-BASED APPROACH IN THE SYSTEM OF FORMATION OF OCCUPATIONAL MOBILITY OF FUTURE PHYSICAL EDUCATION TEACHERS IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

The system of higher education of USA is characterized by a liberal system of university management and based on the absolute priority of institutional autonomy and minimal state intervention. The specialists’ training in physical education and sports field is no exception. Examining of the practice of a realization of the competency approach in different states of America has made it possible to build a nine-level flowchart that presents the professional skills, knowledge and abilities needed to be successful in a specific sphere of physical education or sports.

IA17 Druggable Vulnerabilities in Therapy-Resistant Lung Cancers

Oncogene-targeted therapies often drive therapeutic responses in patients with advanced lung cancers, but frequently these responses eventually give way to acquired resistance. Blocking acquired resistance is a substantial and open-ended challenge whose difficultly is underscored by the fact that resistance within individual patients is often polyclonal in nature, driven by diverse and co-occurring mechanisms. Here, I will discuss two broad approaches we are employing in the search for therapeutic strategies that delay or circumvent resistance evolution. In the first area, we have identified vulnerabilities present in tumors at minimal residual disease states. For example, we have identified a molecular pathway through which targeted therapies such as EGFR, ALK, and BRAF inhibitors trigger double-strand DNA breaks in the cancer cells that comprise the minimal residual disease state. These cells rely upon an ATM-dependent DNA repair process for their survival and are thus hypersensitive to ATM inhibition. As such, combining oncogene-targeted therapies with an ATM inhibitor leads to more penetrant and durable responses to these agents in vivo. In the second area, we have identified vulnerabilities that arise specifically in tumor cells that develop acquired resistance to oncogene-targeted therapies. Importantly, we have identified scenarios in which these “collateral sensitivities” are conserved across heterogeneous resistant clones with distinct resistance mechanisms, implying that targeting these mechanisms may simultaneously eradicate diverse clones. I will describe examples of mechanism-based collateral sensitivities we have uncovered in lung cancers, melanomas, and leukemias, then demonstrate that by targeting these mechanisms in the upfront setting, it is possible to construct combination therapies that select against resistance.

High chemical affinity increases the robustness of biochemical oscillations.

Biochemical oscillations are ubiquitous in nature and allow organisms to properly time their biological functions. In this paper, we consider minimal Markov state models of nonequilibrium biochemical networks that support oscillations. We obtain analytical expressions for the coherence and period of oscillations in these networks. These quantities are expected to depend on all details of the transition rates in the Markov state model. However, our analytical calculations reveal that driving the system out of equilibrium makes many of these details-specifically, the location and arrangement of the transition rates-irrelevant to the coherence and period of oscillations. This theoretical prediction is confirmed by excellent agreement with numerical results. As a consequence, the coherence and period of oscillations can be robustly maintained in the presence of fluctuations in the irrelevant variables. While recent work has established that increasing energy consumption improves the coherence of oscillations, our findings suggest that it plays the additional role of making the coherence and the average period of oscillations robust to fluctuations in rates that can result from the noisy environment of the cell.

Bristol rheumatoid arthritis fatigue scale is valid in patients with psoriatic arthritis and is associated with overall severe disease and higher comorbidities.

To (1) determine the reliability and validity of the Bristol Rheumatoid Arthritis Fatigue scale (BRAF-NRS) in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and (2) examine possible clinical associations of worse fatigue in PsA. Study phase 1: BRAF-NRS scale validation cohort. A consecutive cohort of 70 PsA patients was recruited to complete the 3-item BRAF-NRS and the 13-item Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT-F) questionnaires, alongside disease activity assessment. All patients also completed the BRAF-NRS questionnaire, 1day later. Study phase 2: Identifying the potential clinical associations of fatigue by using BRAF-NRS (n = 283). A second cohort of 283 PsA patients underwent detailed skin and rheumatologic assessments including disease activity measures. Comorbidities were measured using the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI). Factors predicting worse fatigue as measured by BRAF-NRS were determined using regression analysis. In phase 1, 67 out of 70 patients from the first cohort had complete assessments. The internal consistency of BRAF-NRS as measured by Cronbach's alpha was 0.92. Test-retest reliability as measured by the intra-class correlation coefficient was 0.97. There was excellent correlation between the BRAF-NRS and FACIT-F score(r = - 0.83) (p = <0.001, 95% CI -0.74 to - 0.91). In phase 2, using data from the second cohort of 283 PsA patients, possible clinical associations of worse fatigue were examined. On multiple linear regression analyses, the model predicted significant association of worse fatigue scores with low education status (p = 0.03), number of deformed joints (p = 0.01), not achieving minimal disease activity state (p < 0.001), higher CCI scores, and worse health assessment questionnaire score (p < 0.001). BRAF-NRS is a reliable, reproducible, and valid instrument for measuring fatigue in PsA. Fatigue in PsA is associated with low education status and overall more severe disease.Key Points• Fatigue is increasingly recognized as an important measure to examine among patients with PsA, but the available valid fatigue scores in PsA are relatively long and time-consuming especially when other core domains also need to be measured• BRAF-NRS is a short, easily readable, only 3-item tool to measure fatigue, and this is the first study which has examined its performance among the patients with PsA. Our results show that it is a reliable, reproducible, and valid (construct validity) instrument for measuring fatigue in PsA• This study also clearly showed a significant positive relationship between fatigue and comorbidities, and it was also found that comorbidities play the largest role in the multivariate model.

Stable near-rational sunspot equilibria

We introduce a new class of solutions to nonlinear forward-looking models called near-rational sunspot equilibria (NRSE). NRSE are natural nonlinear extensions of the usual sunspot equilibria associated with the linearized version of the economy, and are near-rational in that agents use the optimal linear forecasting model when forming expectations. Generic results for existence and stability under learning are established. NRSE in indeterminate nonlinear models are found to be stable under learning provided that the corresponding linearized model's minimal state variable solution is E-stable. NRSE are readily computable, and our results make it possible to use the standard linear tools to search for stable NRSE. We illustrate our results using a canonical nonlinear New Keynesian model.

Future Political Framework for Moral Enhancement

Various kinds of human bioenhancement represent a major topic of contention in both bioethics and futures studies. Moral enhancement is one of them. It will be argued that voluntary moral bio-enhancement (and other types of moral enhancement) should be based on an opt out moral (bio)enhancement scheme. Such a scheme would avoid the challenges of a voluntary moral (bio)enhancement opt in scheme. The former has a proper place in a minimal state. It will be explained why such a state can be called Utopia. The concept of voluntary opt out moral (bio-)enhancement in Utopia will be highlighted in detail.

Disturbance Observer Based Repetitive Control System with Non-minimal State Space Realization and Anti-windup Mechanism

This paper develops a disturbance observer-based repetitive control system using a non-minimal state-space realization in which all state variables are chosen to correspond to the system’s input and output variables and their past values. To enable the repetitive control system to follow a periodic reference signal or reject a disturbance signal of the same nature, a disturbance observer is used to estimate an input disturbance that contains the same frequency characteristics. This new approach differs from previously published design in repetitive control because it separates the design procedure into two simple tasks: first, stabilization by the design of a non-minimal state feedback control; and second, to independently incorporate the periodic modes via the estimation of the disturbance. Moreover, because this design ensures the stability of the disturbance observer, its implementation contains an anti-windup mechanism when the control signal reaches its maximum or minimum value. Without the complication of an observer for the state variables, the detection of a disturbance occurs earlier and the repetitive controller acts much faster than in the case of minimal state controller incorporating an observer. This leads to considerable performance improvement, with excellent disturbance rejection achieved with smaller control signal variations.

Time Consistent Equilibria in Dynamic Models With Recursive Payoffs and Behavioral Discounting

We prove existence of time consistent equilibria in a wide class of dynamic models with recursive payoffs and generalized discounting involving both behavioral and normative applications. Our generalized Bellman equation method identifies and separates both: recursive and strategic aspects of the equilibrium problem and allows to precisely determine the sufficient assumptions on preferences and stochastic transition to establish existence. In particular we show existence of minimal state space stationary Markov equilibrium (a time-consistent solution) in a deterministic model of consumption-saving with beta-delta discounting and its generalized versions involving magnitude effects, non-additive payoffs, semi-hyperbolic or hyperbolic discounting (over possibly unbounded state and unbounded above reward space). We also provide an equilibrium approximation method for a hyperbolic discounting model.

INVESTIGATION OF NONLINEAR AND DYNAMIC RELATIONSHIP OF TAX REVENUE, ECONOMIC WELFARE, AND DEMOCRACY USING GMM

This article aimed to investigate the relationship between tax revenue, welfare, and democracy level in democratic and undemocratic countries. This investigation was performed by analyzing data from 77 countries for the period 2000-2015. The results obtained by dynamic panel data modeling based on the generalized method of moments (GMM) showed that there is a negative U-shaped relationship between the share of tax revenue in GDP and democracy, indicating that as political participation increases, nations tend to favor minimal states, but as we move from democracy toward authoritarianism, the share of tax revenue increases. Also, a positive relationship was observed between economic welfare and the share of tax revenues, which indicates that the share of government tax revenue increases with the improvement of economic welfare.

Diamagnetic Susceptibility and Donor Binding Energy of Impurity States in Zinc Blende AlGaN/GaN Quantum Dot

In the frame work of effective mass approximation, we have determined the donor binding energies of the most minimal donor states, \(1s\), \(2p_0\) and \(2p_{\pm}\), in zinc blende AlGaN/GaN Quantum dot in the impact of the magnetic field along the development(growth) directions. The calculations are performed utilizing variational method. The calculations are performed using variational method. As a function of the quantum dot radius and the applied magnetic field, the donor binding energies and diamagnetic susceptibilities are obtained. The oscillator quality of the potential transitions between the donor states is then figured by displaying them as the conditions of a two-level atom. Our outcomes demonstrate that (i) the donor binding energy is appreciable for smaller dot radii and magnetic field effect is predominant for larger dot radii, (ii) the diamagnetic susceptibility increases with applied magnetic field and is appreciable only for larger dot radii, (iii) The oscillator quality of the potential transitions between the donor states is not pronounced for smaller dot size radii and plays a significant role in larger dot radii.

Recursive equilibrium in Krusell and Smith (1998)

This paper uses the tools developed in the literature on dynamically incomplete markets with finite agents to study the large economy with a continuum of agents and both aggregate and idiosyncratic shocks in Krusell and Smith (1998). It establishes the existence of sequential competitive equilibrium, generalized recursive equilibrium, recursive equilibrium with an extended-state space, and characterizes several important properties of the equilibrium variables. The equilibrium process admits an ergodic measure, which enables the application of the ergodic theorem for simulating and calibrating the model. Without aggregate shocks, the existence and some characterization results carry over to economies with only idiosyncratic shocks such as Huggett (1997)'s economy. However, the existence of recursive equilibrium with the natural minimal state space in Krusell and Smith's economy remains elusive, as in finite-agent incomplete markets economies.

СТРУКТУРНЫЕ КОНЕЧНЫЕ АВТОМАТЫ В ВИДЕ ТЕНЗОРОВ ТРЕТЬЕГО РАНГА ТИПА СУДОКУ

The construction concept and general principles of the operation of a new kind of finite state machine are presented, for which the input and output elements are panels of square matrices, and the transitions between their states are determined by numerical tensors of the third rank. In this case, the structure of the tensors is specified in the form of cubic grids, in whose cells' natural numbers are located according to the principle of Sudoku construction. An algorithm for constructing such tensors of arbitrary size is indicated. The structures of tensors constructed using ranked sets of natural numbers are defined as standard. It is shown that the possibility of determining Sudoku type tensors using a one-dimensional parameter is basic for the manifestation of their functional self-similarity. The property of additive conservation of the structure of numerical tensors of the third rank to the requirements of Sudoku is formulated as a theorem. It is proved that the tensor obtained by summing an arbitrary tensor structure and a constant, taking into account the introduced cyclic ranking rule, satisfies the general requirements of Sudoku. The problems of abstract and structural synthesis of finite state machine based on the analyzed tensor structures are considered. In this case, the task of abstract synthesis has traditionally been defined as the creation of a mathematical model of an automaton, and the task of structural synthesis is just the development of its functional logical scheme. Based on the ambiguity of the function of the output of the finite state machine, the possibility of the simultaneous use of several different output alphabets is substantiated. The modes of functioning of the minimal finite state machine of the proposed type are described by the example of an initial state machine with a distinguished standard initial state. In the general case, it is shown that the finite state machines defined on the group of these requirements can be attributed to generalized first-order finite-state machines (or Mealy machines) with a multi-valued output. The features of network applications of structural automata are presented. Variants of possible applications of the considered finite state machines are analyzed.