Mini Bus Research Articles

PEMBUATAN BODI PROTOTYPE MOBIL HEMAT ENERGI BERBAHAN FIBERGLASS DI POLITEKNIK NEGERI JEMBER

The use of fiberglass in Indonesia is still limited for manufacturing. That only vehicle body components for mini buses and buses, there are still not many domestically assembled custom car vehicles that include their original specifications as bodies made of fiberglass. This study aims to: Determine the right type of body material to be used in Energy Saving cars” Jember State Polytechnic, Knowing the design of the KMHE Polije car body with fiberglass as the main material. This study used the Research and Development (R & D) method with the research object taken was the design of the KMHE Polije car. Data collection methods were carried out in making the body, namely the literature method, the observation method and the interview method. After determining the desired method, then the manufacture of the car body is carried out. In its manufacture, several preparations are required, namely making designs, making molds, and making bodies using fiberglass media. Making the body adjusted to the dimensions of the length. The conclusion of this research is that the body of the Energy Saving Car prototype can be attached to the frame properly after the car is used or driven and the Energy Saving Car prototype body made of fiberglass material is very appropriate because it has a light character, easy to shape. This research was conducted from the feasibility stage with design validation to making the product and testing it. Based on the validation results by design experts, an average score of 85% is obtained with the "Valid" criteria so that the product is feasible to use.

Impact of Non Scheduled Public Mini Bus Stops on Transit Trip Time: A Case Study Amman-Jordan

Public transport services face many challenges around the world. Due to the rise in demand for public transport, authorities desperately need to develop the systems, and it provides a service to be the same level for private cars in terms of service reliability measures. This research aims to study the influence of the non-scheduled random public mini bus stops on travel time for a specific mini bus route. These non-scheduled stops became a habitual behavior for Public mini buses, which affects the daily users of this transportation service in Jordan. In this study, a comprehensive plan was designed to collect data regarding the mini bus behavior along a selected bus route, using a transit on- board survey, GPS and questionnaires. The data collection involved locations of non-scheduled stops, number of stops, distance and speed. The data was then used to develop a trip time model. The developed model detects the delay time due to the non- scheduled mini bus stops. The analysis of the data indicated that passengers mainly depend on random mini bus stops because there aren’t scheduled stops, thus a large impact on traffic jam. Furthermore, it was found that the main variables that affect the trip travel time are the total delay time due to stopping randomly to board and alight passengers. The study concluded that eliminating the non-scheduled mini bus stops will reduce the trip time, thus get improve he service reliability.

Performance Evaluation of Mini Bus Type Public Transportation on the Manokwari – South Manokwari Route

Manokwari Regency and South Manokwari Regency are two regencies located in West Papua Province which are quite reliable for having tourism and economic potential. Based on data from the population census of the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) for South Manokwari Regency in 2021, the population of South Manokwari Regency is 35,949 people. Along with increasing population growth and an increase in the economy, the number of trips made by individuals is increasing. Therefore, improving Regency public transport services is absolutely necessary both in terms of time, distance traveled, availability of transportation and service patterns, the level of comfort of public transport itself. This research begins by making observations and collecting data in the field such as:load factor, headway, travel speed,availability, waiting time, service time,frequency, and travel time. The results of the analysis of the performance of public transport on the Manokwari - South Manokwari route, on Mini Bus type public transport are based onload factor an average of 88%,headway an average of 65 minutes, an average travel speed of 41 km/hour,availability average 48%, average waiting time 33 minutes, travel time 2 minutes/km,frequency, an average of 1 vehicle/hour, and an average service time of 13 hours/day. The results of the total performance weight value of the Mini Bus type public transport service obtained only 14 (fourteen) included in the medium category.

Analisis Ability to Pay dan Willingness To Pay Non-Komuter untuk Penentuan Tarif pada Perencanaan Layanan Operasi Kereta Api Makassar – Parepare

The upcoming Railway of Makassar-Parepare needs to determine the appropriate tariff. The tariff should be affordable and attractive people to using the public transport. In addition to considering the train fare that has been determined by considering the operational costs of the operator, it is also necessary to consider the Ability to Pay (ATP) and Willingness to Pay (WTP) values ​​for prospective train users, especially non-commuters. The purpose of this study was to analyze the value of ATP and WTP for prospective users of the Makassar - Parepare train service, especially for non-commuting trips. The data collection method in this study was conducted through a primary data survey using questionnaires or direct interviews with respondents who have the potential to use the Makassar - Parepare Railway. The respondent sampling process is based on each sub-district along the Makassar-Parepare railway line. The research data obtained were then analyzed further to see the characteristics of the respondents, ATP values, and WTP values. The results of the analysis on fares for trains with ATP and WTP values ​​at a maximum value of Rp. 468,-/ km with 58% of respondents. The fare value for the total length of the Makassar-Parepare route is 141 km, which is Rp. 65,988,-. The results of this study also show that the ATP value is lower than the fare for public transportation using a mini bus with the same distance on the Makassar-Parepare route with a value of Rp. 120.000,- so that the potential tariff in its determination must still consider the service received.

Number Recognition Techniques to Automate Revenue Collection at Dodoma Mini Bus Terminals in Tanzania

The manual revenue collection process currently operating in Tanzania, has deprived the Local Government Authority (LGA) of its potential income. Meanwhile, The Number Recognition (NR), is a modern technique that uses optical character recognition on images to obtain desired characters. The technique involves Image acquisition, pre-processing, character segmentation and Character recognition. This technique has been used in activities like license plate detection as Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR). This research attempts to solve the problem by automating the current revenue collection process at the mini bus terminals in Tanzania taking a case of Dodoma Municipal using Number recognition techniques and Optical Character Recognition (OCR). The research adopted a case study research design and simulation. In addition, the study used key informant interviews and observations to acquire a good understanding of the current operations at the mini bus terminals and the necessary requirements to achieve the main goal of the study. Simulation of the Number Recognition System (NRS) was achieved by using Matlab R2017a as a simulation tool on a Dell computer running windows 7 professional, Hard Disk Drive (HDD) 500 Gigabyte (GB), Random Access Memory (RAM) 4 Gigabyte. The research, achieved a simulation for NRS with an accuracy of 0.988 for the character recognition of the captured Surface on mini buses. The researcher recommends a further study on the image acquisition process and messaging alert system, to completely automate the process.

Open Urban Space in Districts / Neighborhoods: The Importance of the Socio-Economic Aspect and Civilization Continuity in Areas out of the Old City: Sana’a City as a Case Study

This study considered an important component of the Urban Fabric of which play major role in social and economic aspects of the people in cities, districts, villages, and neighborhoods. Since the exist of historical cities, and its open urban space, have a distinctive activity within through all the urban fabric of any city. According to urban design, some elements such as hierarchy, enclosure, form and space and its surrounding, good conditions of these elements giving values to the over all of the district and neighborhoods images in which reflect to the image of the city in general. This will help a lot and create the interrelation of socio-economic aspect, using open space in positive ways will increase the effectiveness of social and economic activities with the city and versa vars. The site survey and investigation and analysis various areas been selected (districts) found lack of understanding the role of open space, and lack of consideration of its importance to the social and economic activities aspects, also found neglected as important part of the urban land use due to many negative practicing in the actual implementation of the structure and detail plan of the study area of the city. The study builds theoretical framework based on the literature in order to understand and measure the compatibility of the actual conditions in relation to urban design theories and technical performance, the study conclude the real facts that all open spaces have no real consideration to open urban space order to improve areas within the city as a whole mainly in relation to socio-economic aspects, the study conclude that no real consideration to improve open urban space in order to improve areas within the city, also must of open space found either used by public mini bus parking, squires of commercial open market, as well as squatters and slums by homeless people. Therefore, study recommended, redevelopment, and reconstruct, rehabilitate and repair the open spaces in urban areas which improve all the overall urban spaces in the city through districts, and neighborhoods.

Open Urban Space in Districts / Neighborhoods: The Importance of the Socio-Economic Aspect and Civilization Continuity in Areas out of the Old City: Sana’a City as a Case Study

This study considered an important component of the Urban Fabric of which play major role in social and economic aspects of the people in cities, districts, villages, and neighborhoods. Since the exist of historical cities, and its open urban space, have a distinctive activity within through all the urban fabric of any city. According to urban design, some elements such as hierarchy, enclosure, form and space and its surrounding, good conditions of these elements giving values to the over all of the district and neighborhoods images in which reflect to the image of the city in general. This will help a lot and create the interrelation of socio-economic aspect, using open space in positive ways will increase the effectiveness of social and economic activities with the city and versa vars. The site survey and investigation and analysis various areas been selected (districts) found lack of understanding the role of open space, and lack of consideration of its importance to the social and economic activities aspects, also found neglected as important part of the urban land use due to many negative practicing in the actual implementation of the structure and detail plan of the study area of the city. The study builds theoretical framework based on the literature in order to understand and measure the compatibility of the actual conditions in relation to urban design theories and technical performance, the study conclude the real facts that all open spaces have no real consideration to open urban space order to improve areas within the city as a whole mainly in relation to socio-economic aspects, the study conclude that no real consideration to improve open urban space in order to improve areas within the city, also must of open space found either used by public mini bus parking, squires of commercial open market, as well as squatters and slums by homeless people. Therefore, study recommended, redevelopment, and reconstruct, rehabilitate and repair the open spaces in urban areas which improve all the overall urban spaces in the city through districts, and neighborhoods.

Demand Estimation of Proposed Bus Rapid Route in Al Kut City

Public transit in the city of Al-Kut faces great challenges due to the weakness of the local government abilities in providing adequate conditions for public transport such as wide vehicles, comfortable seats, and other environmentally friendly means of transport that are almost non-use in the city of Kut, where the dependence is heavily on Mini Bus (Kia) and a medium-sized bus, most of which are old, do not operate in an integrated way, compete with each other for the passengers, reduce the flexibility of movement. This study attempts to estimate the demand for the proposed bus rapid route in the city of al Kut as a modern public transport that can contribute to reducing congestion in the city. In this study, the demand for the current public transport network lines in the city was studied, which are 12 lines using boarding / alighting values to determine passenger loads and assess flow on each route in the transportation network using the origin-destination (OD) data from on/off data, then repeat the application on the BRT route, this was done using assignment model in TransCAD software, where the results showed an estimated value for passenger demand on BRT route about 7,616 passengers/hour, which is equivalent to 40.12 % of the transport lines service.

Ergonomic assessment of work-related musculoskeletal disorder and its determinants among commercial mini bus drivers and driver assistants (mini bus conductors) in Nigeria.

Work-related musculoskeletal disorder (WMSD) is a leading causes of occupational injury and disability among drivers and workers in the transport industry. This study evaluated the ergonomically assessed WMSD and its determinants among Nigerian commercial mini bus drivers (BD) and mini bus conductors (BC). A total of 379 participants (BD = 200, BC = 179) were purposively sampled for this exploratory cross-sectional study. Participants' WMSD and work related variables were respectively assessed using the standardized Nordic questionnaire and a content-validated, Driving Work Station Assessment (DWSA) form. Data were analyzed descriptively and inferentially using chi-square and logistic regression. The level of significance was set at α = 0.05. The participants were aged between 20 and 66 years, with a mean age of 33.26±10.76years (BD = 38.42±10.22years, BC = 27.50±8.13years); most of whom consumed alcohol (84.4%) and experienced severe job stress (73.4%). There was a high prevalence (95.8%; BD = 94.5%, BC = 97.8%) of WMSDs, the lower back (66.8%) and upper back (54.1%) had the highest regional prevalence of WMSD. The BC (BC vs BD) had significantly (p<0.05) higher prevalence of Neck (47.7% vs 21.5%) and upper back (80.4% vs 30.5%) WMSDs. Conversely, the BD (BD vs BC) had significantly (p<0.05) higher prevalence of low-back (85.0% vs 46.4%), knee (25.0% vs 9.5%), elbow (11.5% vs 3.9%), and wrist (10.5% vs 3.4%) WMSD. There was a significant association between WMSD and each of work duration (X2 = 11.634, p = 0.009), work frequency (X2 = 8.394, p = 0.039), job dissatisfaction (X2 = 10.620, p = 0.001) and job stress (X2 = 16.879, p = 0.001). Working beyond 4days/week (OR = 10.019, p = 0.001), job dissatisfaction (OR = 1.990, p = 0.031), constrained working postures (OR = 5.324, p = 0.003) and fatigue (OR = 4.719, p = 0.002) were the predictors of WMSD. Job stress, work duration and work frequency, posture and fatigue are important determinants of WMSDs among mini bus drivers and their assistants in Nigeria. Ergonomics training intervention for this population is recommended.

Traffic Flow Prediction using SUMO Application with K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) Method

In Indonesia, the density of traffic flow occurs at the time of leaving and returning to work, long holidays or national holidays such as the end of the year (New Year). This annual routine activity is mostly carried out especially in big cities in Indonesia such as Bandung. Because Bandung is a city that has a lot of tourism, Bandung is therefore always the center of visitors to enjoy weekends or long holidays. So from this problem, we want to create a traffic prediction application that can help to solve congestion problems that have become an annual routine. The several types of vehicles used in the prediction are private cars, motorcycles, taxis, public transportation, large buses, mini buses, and mini trucks. Research conducted using the K-Nearest Neighbor method is a prediction of short-term traffic flow on Jl. Riau Bandung. The input used in making predictions is historical data on the number of vehicles going on Jl. Riau Bandung. The output generated from the use of the K-Nearest Neighbor method is the level of the jam class that runs on Jl. Riau Bandung in 2018 used a simulation on the SUMO (Simulation of Urban Mobility) application. The resulting performance of KNN with k = 3 has an accuracy of 99.21%, k = 5 has an accuracy of 99.60%, and k = 7 has an accuracy rate of 99.21% on 90% training data and 10% testing data.

Modeling spatial access to cervical cancer screening services in Ondo State, Nigeria

BackgroundWomen in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) remain at high risk of developing cervical cancer and have limited access to screening programs. The limits include geographical barriers related to road network characteristics and travel behaviors but these have neither been well studied in LMIC nor have methods to overcome them been incorporated into cervical cancer screening delivery programs.MethodsTo identify and evaluate spatial barriers to cervical cancer prevention services in Ondo State, Nigeria, we applied a Multi-Mode Enhanced Two-Step Floating Catchment Area model to create a spatial access index for cervical cancer screening services in Ondo City and the surrounding region. The model used inputs that included the distance between service locations and population centers, local population density, quantity of healthcare infrastructures, modes of transportation, and the travel time budgets of clients. Two different travel modes, taxi and mini bus, represented common modes of transit. Geocoded client residential locations were compared to spatial access results to identify patterns of spatial access and estimate where gaps in access existed.ResultsOndo City was estimated to have the highest access in the region, while the largest city, Akure, was estimated to be in only the middle tier of access. While 73.5% of clients of the hospital in Ondo City resided in the two highest access zones, 21.5% of clients were from locations estimated to be in the lowest access catchment, and a further 2.25% resided outside these limits. Some areas that were relatively close to cervical cancer screening centers had lower access values due to poor road network coverage and fewer options for public transportation.ConclusionsVariations in spatial access were revealed based on client residential patterns, travel time differences, distance decay assumptions, and travel mode choices. Assessing access to cervical cancer screening better identifies potentially underserved locations in rural Nigeria that can inform plans for cervical cancer screening including new or improved infrastructure, effective resource allocation, introduction of service options for areas with lower access, and design of public transportation networks.

Fuzzy DSM for Determining Public Transporter based on Geographical Condition

Numerous types of public transporter in one region (in Indonesia) should be examined. The paper presents a decision support model (DSM) for examine the properness of public transporter implemented in one region (district) in Indonesia. Main method operated technically in this study is fuzzy logic with rule base as an engine core. Three types of public transporter examined are ojek, metromini, and angkot; respectively, in Indonesia they are public motorcycle, public mini bus, and public family vehicle. Four geographical parameters considered in the model are road traffic condition, traffic road length, rainfall, and congestion point. The model was finally able to recommend the most proper public transporter implemented in seven districts.

Consumer Perspective on Public Transport: The Medan-Pematang Siantar Route as a Case Study

Development of public transportation is meant to bridge the divide between cities and encourage development results. The inter-city transportation opens up opportunities for the inter-city trade, reduces costs and increases labor mobility, thereby promoting the inter-city development opportunities. This study uses the factor and cluster analyses. Analysis of factors is performed to determine the most dominant factors. The cluster analysis is used to identify the advantages and disdvantages of five modes of transport, namely taxi, trade rail, economy bus, mini bus, and executive bus. This study aims to determine the perception of users of Medan-Pematang Siantar route service. The results of this study show that there are five dominant factors that are considered before the service users decide on the mode of transport to use, namely the comfort factor, which is the most important consideration, followed by the time factor, cost factor, accessibility factor and safety factor.

A Comprehensive Methodology for Comparative Performance Evaluation of Public Transport Systems in Urban Areas

The implementation of a new public transport system requires a huge amount of funds mainly in infrastructure, construction and maintenance. Hence, prior to making investment in transport technologies, poor economic condition and limitation of the infrastructure facilities, there is a continued need to improve the performance of public transport system in urban areas in developing countries. However, the performance improvement of public transport system is a complicated process because it can be viewed through three different perspectives i.e. user, operator and city perspectives. Hence, for efficient operation and sustainability, the requirements of these three perspectives should be met with. The performance evaluation process is useful for monitoring, controlling and improving the facilities of public transport systems in relation to different aspects from different perspectives. However, most of the studies are not structured considering all three perspectives in a simple manner so that cannot find significant comparative information for performance evaluation of public transport systems in urban areas. Therefore, this study presents a comprehensive methodology for comparative performance evaluation of public transport system from user, city and operator perspective as well as combined in urban areas. The methodology proposed in this study is also illustrated using BCLL bus system and Mini bus system in Bhopal city. It is expected that this study will be useful to take significant decisions before implementation of new system or alteration in existing system and performance improvement of existing urban transport system in developing countries.

Comparative Performance Evaluation of Public Transport Services from City Perspective

Now a day’s public transport services encounter distinctive challenges in planning, maintaining and operating their services from user, operator and city perspective. Further, the alteration in transport technologies and infrastructure facilities requires a huge amount of funds. Hence prior to making investment in, public transport services the performance of existing service should be evaluated from different perspective i.e. user, city and operator. In this research particular attention has been given to the city perspective. It is concerned with the traffic flow pattern, social and economical development and reduction in environmental pollution in a city. A literature review indicated that most of the studies are not structured in a simple manner and cannot find significant comparative information which helps in diagnosing problems in relation to different aspects from city perspective. Therefore, in this study a simple methodology is developed for comparative performance evaluation of public transport service considering these aspects individually as well as combined. In order to demonstrate the application of the proposed methodology; BCLL bus system and Mini bus system in Bhopal city were selected. It is expected that this study will be useful to take appropriate decisions before implementation of new services, and performance improvement of existing public transport services.

Investigation of Flow Induced Structural and Acoustic Behaviour of a Flat Solar Panel Mounted on a Mini Bus Roof Top

External fitting of a flat solar panel on a vehicle at its roof top changes the aerodynamics of flow around it. A local variation of pressure and velocity parameters around the solar panel at increasing speed and yaw angle may lead to structural instability and acoustic performance deterioration of the vehicle. Present paper addresses this issue numerically using ANSYS Fluent software. The investigation consists of three steps - flow analysis, structural analysis and acoustic analysis which focus more on flat solar panel and its supporting pillars. The vehicle speed is varied up to 100 kmph and yaw angle varied from 0ï‚° to 18ï‚°. The flow analysis reports pressure and velocity distribution, Structural analysis shows the deformation and stresses induced in panel and supporting pillars and Acoustic analysis captures the change in overall sound pressure level (OASPL) at front and rear location of the vehicle. The result of investigation shows no significant effect of flow induced effect on solar panel structure. Change in OASPL at front and rear end is observed to be marginal only.

Analisis Manajemen Transportasi Pada Angkutan Mini Bus

This study aims to analyze the management of mini bus transportation at PT. Mulia Wisata Perkasa Banda Aceh which is seen in terms of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and obstacles. The research is descriptive and uses primary data as a source of data obtained through interviews with respondents. Data analysis using SWOT methods and cartesius diagrams. The results of the study show that the right strategy is applied to PT. Mulia Wisata Perkasa is currently implementing the SO (strength and Opportunities) strategy, with strength 2 and opportunites 1.63. Based on the Cartesian diagram, PT. Mulia Wisata Perkasa has been on the right track by continuing to strategy growth. SO strategies (strength and opportunities) are carried out to utilize the company's strengths to capture the opportunities that the company has. The strategy pursued through efforts to provide promotion to the desired consumer market, providing quality assurance for the products (services) offered, and providing maximum service to consumers.

Geometric factors influencing entry capacity of roundabouts under heterogeneous traffic conditions

Roundabout entry capacity is influenced by geometric features of the roundabout, traffic flow characteristics, vehicle and driver characteristics, as well as, environmental conditions. The major methods for estimating roundabout entry capacity are based on either gap acceptance theory or on empirical relations. Roundabout geometry is the sole aspect which can be entirely manipulated by the designers to improve the entry capacity. Limited studies have been conducted to analyze the influence of geometric elements of a roundabout on its capacity, for heterogeneous traffic conditions. Many developing countries like India, Malaysia, Indonesia etc., have heterogeneous traffic conditions on their roads. Data is collected from twenty-one entries of six roundabouts, where heterogeneity in traffic is observed. Seven different vehicle categories are considered such as motorised two wheeler, three wheeler, car, mini bus, light commercial vehicle (LCV), heavy commercial vehicle (HCV) and bus. A non-linear regression model is proposed to predict entry capacity, based on the nature of variation with individual geometric elements. Various combinations of independent variables are used to estimate entry capacity. The non-linear correlations among the geometric variables are checked. In comparison with the existing empirical models such as the LR942 regression model and German empirical model, the proposed regression model produced better estimates and much lower RMSE values. Approach width is found to have the highest impact on entry capacity. The entry capacity is found to be negatively influenced by entry angle. Circulating flow is considered in terms of per metre width against the usual convention. This modification incorporates the effect of circulatory roadway width also into consideration. The circulatory roadway width has a diverse effect on entry capacity at different levels of circulating flow. Modification of inscribed circle diameter and circulatory roadway width is suggested as a potential solution for improving entry capacity. Sensitivity analysis is carried out to quantify the effect of variation of entry angle, circulatory roadway width, inscribed circle diameter and approach width on entry capacity based on the non-linear model. The sensitivity plots can be used to make subtle geometric modifications to improve capacity at congested roundabouts.

YOGYAKARTA CITY TRANSPORT SERVICE PLANNING FOR INTEGRATION WITH EXISTING TRANSPORT

The presence of tourist buses is considered to be a factor in Yogyakarta’s traffic congestion in long holiday season. Research was conducted to plan a tourism transportation, called Trans Jogja Wisata that is integrated with other public transport services to accommodate tourist movement from park and ride locations to tourist attractions. Data collection was done by carrying out surveys and interviews at a parking location in Yogyakarta. The data collected included tourist destinations, bus gateways to Yogyakarta, and environmental conditions. Based on the analysis results for planning Trans Jogja Wisata’s integration with existing public transport, there are four designated routes that can be used to accommodate tourists in getting to their destinations: Route 1, Route 2, Route 3, and Route 4. These routes are fully integrated with the Trans Jogja bus system, becak or pedicabs, andong or horse drawn carriages and Si Thole mini buses.

Perceived Customer Expectations in Purchasing Luxury Commercial Mini Bus (LCV Segment): An Empirical Analysis

Perceived Customer Expectations in Purchasing Luxury Commercial Mini Bus (LCV Segment): An Empirical Analysis