Exploitation Of Mineral Resources Research Articles

Frontier technology readiness and mineral resources utilization effect on load capacity factor: Mediating function of fintech indicators

The consistent exploitation of mineral resources is leading to an imbalance between the ecological footprint and biodiversity, thereby affecting the load capacity factor (LCF). In this digital era, financial technologies (fintech) and the readiness for frontier technologies have the potential to impact LCF significantly. This study evaluates the influence of mineral resources and frontier technology readiness indicators (FTRI) on LCF in thirty-two developed countries from 2014 to 2020. Additionally, it explores the mediating role of fintech instruments, specifically digital capital raising and digital lending, on FTRI. Through structural equation modeling, the findings indicate that fintech indicators have a direct and positive impact on LCF. Surprisingly, mineral resources also show a significantly positive influence on LCF. In contrast, FTRI has an insignificant direct influence on LCF, but it indirectly enhances LCF by improving digital capital and digital lending. In terms of indirect effects, the combined impact of fintech indicators is stronger than their individual effects. These results provide valuable insights for policy recommendations.

COMPENSAÇÃO FINANCEIRA PELA EXPLORAÇÃO MINERAL (CFEM) E SUAS ALTERAÇÕES EM RAZÃO DO NOVO MARCO REGULATÓRIO DA MINERAÇÃO

This article addresses the significant changes introduced by Law No. 13,575/2017, particularly with regard to the collection of Financial Compensation for the Exploitation of Mineral Resources (CFEM). These reforms aim to modernize the Brazilian mining industry, making it more responsible and sustainable, and ensure a more equitable sharing of the benefits of mining with the communities and regions affected, without neglecting to reaffirm its legal nature and the form of distribution of this important revenue, especially to the municipalities affected by mineral exploration. This article is contemplated by qualitative research, of a descriptive nature, with the performance of documentary and bibliographical research.

Forecasting Carbon Sequestration Potential in China’s Grasslands by a Grey Model with Fractional-Order Accumulation

This study aims to predict the carbon sequestration capacity of Chinese grasslands to address climate change and achieve carbon neutrality goals. Grassland carbon sequestration is a crucial part of the global carbon cycle. However, its capacity is significantly impacted by climate change and human activities, making its dynamic changes complex and challenging to predict. This study adopts a fractional-order accumulation grey model, using 11 provinces in China as samples, to analyze and forecast grassland carbon sequestration. The study finds significant differences in grassland carbon sequestration trends across the sample regions. The carbon sequestration capacity of the grasslands in Xizang (Tibet) and Heilongjiang province is increasing, while it is decreasing in other provinces. The varying prediction results are influenced not only by regional climatic and natural conditions, but also by human interventions such as overgrazing, irrational reclamation, excessive mineral resource exploitation, and increased tourism development. Therefore, more region-specific grassland management and protection strategies should be formulated to enhance the carbon sequestration capacity of grasslands and promote the sustainable development of ecosystems. The significance of this study lies not only in providing scientific guidance for the protection and sustainable management of Chinese grasslands, but also in contributing theoretical and practical insights into global carbon sequestration strategies.

The Impact of Village Head Leadership and Village Fund Allocation on the Environmental Quality of Village Settlements

This study aims to analyze the impact of village head leadership and the allocation of village funds on the quality of the village settlement environment. Ecological standards are needed by living creatures for the sustainability of their lives. This can be a good ecosystem and requires an ecological label to balance economic interests and ecological preservation. With regional autonomy, it is hoped that it can improve the economy through development activities in various sectors, several environmental problems emerged during the regional autonomy era, including: a) air pollution caused by energy consumption; b) increasing amount of waste due to increasing population; and c) exploitation of natural resources such as logging and burning of forests, fishing with explosives, and uncontrolled exploitation of natural mineral resources. This study was conducted in Padang Pariaman Regency, which is in West Sumatra Province, involving 103 villages in Padang Pariaman Regency. The Smart PLS application is used to process and analyze data. The results of the study show that village head leadership has a significant influence on the quality of the village settlement environment and the allocation of village funds has a significant impact on the quality of the village settlement environment.

Balancing Submarine Landslides and the Marine Economy for Sustainable Development: A Review and Future Prospects

To proactively respond to the national fourteenth Five-Year Plan policy, we will adhere to a comprehensive land and sea planning approach, working together to promote marine ecological protection, optimize geological space, and integrate the marine economy. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the sustainable development of marine geological hazards (MGHs), with a particular focus on submarine landslides, the marine environment, as well as the marine economy. First, the novelty of this study lies in its review and summary of the temporal and spatial distribution, systematic classification, inducible factors, and realistic characteristics of submarine landslides to enrich the theoretical concept. Moreover, the costs, risks, and impacts on the marine environment and economy of submarine engineering activities such as oil and gas fields, as well as metal ores, were systematically discussed. Combined with the current marine policy, an analysis was conducted on the environmental pollution and economic losses caused by submarine landslides. Herein, the key finding is that China and Mexico are viable candidates for the future large-scale offshore exploitation of oil, gas, nickel, cobalt, cuprum, manganese, and other mineral resources. Compared to land-based mining, deep-sea mining offers superior economic and environmental advantages. Finally, it is suggested that physical model tests and numerical simulation techniques are effective means for investigating the triggering mechanism of submarine landslides, their evolutionary movement process, and the impact on the submarine infrastructure. In the future, the establishment of a multi-level and multi-dimensional monitoring chain for submarine landslide disasters, as well as joint risk assessment, prediction, and early warning systems, can effectively mitigate the occurrence of submarine landslide disasters and promote the sustainable development of the marine environment and economy.

Evaluating the surface water pollution risk of mineral resource exploitation via an improved approach: a case study in Liaoning Province, Northeastern China.

Pollution from mineral exploitation is an important risk factor affecting surface water environment in mineral regions. It is urgent to construct a simple and accurate model to assess the surface water pollution risk from mineral exploitation in the regional scale. Thus, taking a mining province namely Liaoning in northeastern China as the study area, we proposed a framework to simulate the transport process of pollutants from mineral exploitation points to the surrounding surface water based on the "source-sink" theory. In our framework, we adopted the regional growth method (RGM) to extract the potential polluted water area as the certain "sink"considering the influence of the topography, and then applied Minimum Cumulative Resistance (MCR) model to assess the surface water pollution risk from mineral exploitation. The results revealed that: (1) 9.5% of the water areas were located at the potential impact area of MEPs. (2) The total value of resistance surface in Liaoningis relatively low, and gradually decreased from west to east. (3) MEPs in Liaoning had a high risk and seriously threatened the surface water environment, among 2125 MEPs, 733 MEPs (32.99%) were assessed as extremely high risk level, and about 35% of the MEPs were distributed within 10KM buffer zone of surface water. (4) Water pollution risk of MEPs in Dalian, Tieling, Fuxin and Dandong need to be emphasized. (5) Compared to previous studies, we considered the topographical influence before applying MCR model directly, so the results of water pollution risk were more reliable. This study provides a methodological support and scientific reference for the water environment protection and regional sustainable development.

Significant sliding speed effect on the friction and wear behavior of UHMWPE matrix composites

PurposeWith the rapid development of the pipeline transportation and exploitation of mineral resources, it is urgent requirement for the high-performance polymer matrix composites with low friction and wear to meet the needs of solid material transportation. This paper aims to prepare high-performance ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) matrix composites and investigate the effect of service condition on frictional behavior for composite.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, UHMWPE matrix composites with different content of MoS2 were prepared and the tribological performance of the GCr15/composites friction pair in various sliding speeds (0.025–0.125 m/s) under dry friction conditions were studied by ball-on-disk tribology experiments.FindingsResults show that the frictional behavior was shown to be sensitive to MoS2 concentration and sliding velocity. As the MoS2 content is 2 Wt.%, composites presented the best overall tribological performance. Besides, the friction coefficient fluctuates around 0.21 from 0.025 to 0.125 m/s sliding speed, while the wear rate increases gradually. Scanning electron microscopy images, energy-dispersive spectroscopy and Raman Spectrum analysis present that the main wear mechanisms were abrasive and fatigue wear.Originality/valueThe knowledge obtained herein will facilitate the design of UHMWPE matrix composites with promising self-lubrication performances which used in slag transport engineering field.

Product Positioning Evaluation and Exploitation of Nigerian Solid Mineral Resources: A Vile for Transformation Agenda for Third World Countries

The study focused on product positioning and exploitation of Nigerian solid mineral resources towards transforming third world countries. The specific objectives of the study were to examine the effect of product price, product quality and product differentiation on Nigerian solid mineral resources; Data were collected through a primary source. The population of the study was 218 which consisted of final year students of Marketing from University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria. These respondents were used due to their background knowledge in Marketing. The study utilized simple random sampling technique to select sample of 80 respondents for the study. 5-point likert scale option of structured questionnaire was used in the study to obtain respondents’ response. Content validity was used to determine the validity of the instrument by giving to research experts who modified and made the necessary correction to measure the instrument. Simple linear regression analysis was used to test the hypothesis. Three hypotheses were tested in line with the objectives of the study and it was revealed that there was a significant relationship between product price, product quality and product differentiation, and Nigerian solid mineral resources. The study suggested some recommendations as follows: Government agencies and major stakeholders affiliated with solid mineral resources in Nigeria should imbibe product price strategy in order to encourage high patronage for Nigerian solid mineral resources. Product quality should be embraced because it attracts foreign buyers to patronise Nigerian solid mineral resources. Government agencies and major stakeholders in charge of solid minerals in Nigeria should embark on product differentiation among mineral resources in Nigeria to command high patronage from foreign buyers.

Exploitation of Mineral Resources in Conditions of Volatile Energy Prices: Technical and Economic Analysis of Low-Quality Deposits

In mining projects and production operations, energy carrier costs (fuel, electricity) constitute the primary component of variable costs. This study outlines a methodology for projecting operating costs in a surface mine or quarry in order to find the optimal configuration of mining equipment to extract low-grade secondary deposits, taking into account volatile energy prices. For illustration, the operating costs of five variants of mining equipment deployed to mine low-grade products were analysed, with the price of energy and fuels being the key cost component and the main risk factor. There were differences between the initial investment outlays and operating costs involved in all analysed variants, whilst the starting point for estimating the technical and economic parameters involved in the respective solutions was the predefined configuration of the mining equipment. Further, the decision to commence or discontinue mining operations could be supported by the simulation procedure based on the economic model. The results provided valuable insights into the cost-effectiveness of low-grade deposit extraction scenarios, depending on the projected unit costs of fuels and energy.

Investigation of arsenic contamination in soil and plants along the river of Xinzhou abandoned gold mine in Qingyuan, China

The exploitation of mineral resources is very important for economic development, but disorderly exploitation poses a serious threat to the ecological environment. However, investigations on the advantages of plant species and environmental pollution in polluted mining areas are limited. Thus, a survey was conducted to evaluate the impacts of abandoned mines on the surrounding ecological environment along rivers in polluted areas and to determine the Arsenic (As) pollution status in soil and plants. The results showed that the soil and vegetation along the river in the survey area were seriously polluted by As. The total As content of the 15 samples was significantly greater than the national soil background value (GB 15618-2018), and degree of pollution was nonlinearly related to the distance from the mine source, R2 = 0.9844. B. bipinnata, P. vittata and B. nivea were predominant with degrees of dominance of 0.01–0.33, 0.05–0.11, and 0.06–0.14 respectively. The As enrichment capacities of Juncus and P. vittata were significantly greater than those of the other plants, while the bioaccumulation factors (BCFs) were 21.81 and 7.04, respectively.

The development of China's extraterritorial mineral resources exploration and exploitation in the deep seabed and outer space: An evaluation from policy and legal perspectives

Extraterritorial mineral resources, located in the deep seabed and outer space, offer abundant prospects for development, wealth, and a sustainable future. Recent advancements in science and technology have brought us closer to the realization of mining these resources. When analyzing China's engagement in these activities, it becomes evident that China is undoubtedly one of the most active and capable states in exploring extraterritorial resources from the deep seabed and outer space. Different from the objectives of conventional mineral mining, China prioritizes broader strategic goals, aiming to establish itself as a maritime and space power rather than solely pursuing short-term economic gains. Given these aspirations, it's crucial to develop more coordinated, transparent, and well-defined policies and laws. This necessity arises not only to facilitate China's advancement in these fields but also to proactively tackle potential challenges and to foster a conducive external environment for further development.

Sustainable mining method selection by a multi-stakeholder collaborative multi-attribute group decision-making method

How to protect the ecological environment during mineral resource exploitation is a crucial issue for the survival and development of human society. In this context, mining method selection requires simultaneous achieving environmental protection and resource exploitation, while involving the coordination of multi-agent interests. Therefore, this study develops a multi-stakeholder collaborative multi-attribute group decision-making approach for mining method selection. This method enables multiple stakeholders and experts from different fields to make decisions together. First, a conflict resolution model is proposed to resolve cognitive conflict and interest conflict among multi-stakeholders. Then, the 2-tuple linguistic representation model is used to deal with the decision maker's fuzzy preference. Next, the comprehensive attribute weights are calculated and the alternatives are prioritized. A case study for mining method selection in a gold mine in Shandong Province, China, is presented to verify the validity of the proposed method. This method considers not only the coordination between mineral resource exploitation and ecological environment protection but also the conflicting views of stakeholders. The proposed method is a useful tool for the assessment and selection of development schemes involving multiple stakeholders.

Practical applications of quality assurance and quality control in mineral exploration, resource estimation and mining programmes: a review of recommended international practices

Independent quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) programmes are required by reporting codes for publicly listed companies and are necessary to optimize data quality at all stages of the sampling, preparation and analytical processes involved in mineral exploration, resource estimation and mining grade control. QA/QC programmes should be adjusted over time to meet changing requirements in data quality at different stages of mineral resource development and exploitation. Certified reference materials are used to monitor accuracy and bias at the project laboratory relative to consensus values for the material from round-robin certification analyses. They are also used to monitor drift over time within an individual laboratory and to identify significant failures in QC at the analytical batch level caused by abrupt changes in concentration related to re-calibration of instruments or procedural changes at the laboratory. Duplicate analyses of sample material are generated at key stages of sampling and preparation to estimate the precision of data generated at each stage. Invariably, the largest source of uncertainty occurs during the initial sampling. Coarse blanks are used to monitor cross-contamination between samples or from sample preparation equipment. Furthermore, each of these QC sample types can be used to discover possible sample mix-ups. Supplementary material: An Excel spreadsheet for the calculation of the average coefficient of variation (CV AVE ) (Appendix C) is available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.7070137 Thematic collection: This article is part of the Reviews in Exploration Geochemistry collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/topic/collections/reviews-in-exploration-geochemistry

A regenerative agenda for economic recovery: Nurturing natural resource efficiency to foster environmental, social, and economic well-being

This study investigates the impact of green finance investments on sustainable development across 30 regions in China from 2005 to 2020, focusing on the role of technological advancement and natural resource efficiency in the context of mineral resource investments. Employing Augmented Mean Group (AMG) and Common Correlated Effects Mean Group (CCE-MG) methodologies, we explore the complex interactions between technology development, renewable energy integration, and their implications for sustainable development. Our analysis delves into the nuanced relationship between technological progress in natural resource management and its contributions to economic growth and environmental sustainability. The findings underscore the necessity of a holistic resource utilization strategy, highlighting the critical importance of investments in natural resources for enhancing industrial efficiency and fostering socio-economic advancement. We advocate for a comprehensive investment approach that melds green finance principles with technological innovations to ensure sustainable development throughout the mineral resource exploitation process.

Health risk assessment of soil heavy metals in a typical mining town in north China based on Monte Carlo simulation coupled with Positive matrix factorization model

The accumulation of heavy metals (HMs) in soil caused by mineral resource exploitation and its ancillary industrial processes poses a threat to ecology and public health. Effective risk control measures require a quantification of the impacts and contributions to health risks from individual sources of soil HMs. Based on high-density sampling, soil contamination risk indexes, positive matrix factorization (PMF) model, Monte Carlo simulation and human health risk analysis model were applied to investigate the risk of HMs in a typical mining town in North China. The results showed that As was the most dominant soil pollutant factor, Cd and Hg were the most dominant soil ecological risk factors, and Cr and Ni were the most dominant health risk factors in the study area. Overall, both pollution and ecological risks were at low levels, while there were still some higher hazard areas located in the central and south-central part of the region. According to the probabilistic health risk assessment (HRA), children suffered greater health risks than adults, with 21.63% of non-carcinogenic risks and 53.24% of carcinogenic risks exceeding the prescribed thresholds (HI > 1 and TCR>1E-4). The PMF model identified five potential sources: fuel combustion (FC), processing of building materials with limestone as raw materials (PBML), industry source (IS), iron ore mining combined with garbage (IOG), and agriculture source (AS). PBML is the primary source of soil HM contamination, as well as the major anthropogenic source of carcinogenic risk for all populations. Agricultural inputs associated with As are the major source of non-carcinogenic risk. This study offers a good example of probabilistic HRA using specific sources, which can provide a valuable reference for strategy establishment of pollution remediation and risk prevention and control.

Qualification of geotechnical parameters with 3D geotechnical modelling to improve mine planning reliability

Mine planning and pit design involve making the best decisions and recognising good practices for the profitable exploitation of mineral resources. A pit design project begins with the delimitation of the ore body in the form of blocks, then going through pit optimisation, then pit design and sequencing and ends with the economic evaluation. Several techno-economic indicators are used in these stages and have a direct impact on mine planning. The research methodology proposes an in-depth study of the geotechnical parameters of the pit to be conducted in mine planning in a more reliable and assertive way, with the aid of 3D geotechnical modelling. From a geotechnical point of view, an initial validation of the methodology was performed in an example of application in an iron mine, where a change in the planned slope angles of a pit over a 5-year period was suggested. The suggested new pit guarantees safety factors that suit the minimum stability requirements and proposes a 1.49% higher ore availability and a 0.90% increase in the net present value.

Sustainable resource management in China's energy mining sector: A synthesis of development and conservation in the FinTech era

The optimal exploitation of energy and mineral resources is crucial to the optimal allocation of resources and the sustainable development of Society. Based on the optimal control theory, this paper establishes a dynamic model of inter-period optimal exploitation of mineral resources and examines the impacts of energy resource supply and environmental pollution with the help of a panel data vector autoregressive (PVAR) model under the constraints of environmental regulations and technological advances in each region. These results show that the estimated coefficient for the one-period lag of energy supply is significantly positive at the 1% level, indicating that a positive shock resulting in increased energy supply in the preceding period is associated with a pronounced escalation in environmental pollution. Meanwhile, the estimated coefficient for the one-period lag of environmental pollution is negative at the 1% level. In contrast, the estimated coefficients for the one-period lag of environmental regulation and technological progress are positive. It implies that positive shocks in the intensity of environmental regulation and technological progress in the previous period contribute to a more efficient energy supply. Furthermore, the estimated coefficient for the one-period lag of environmental pollution and energy supply is significantly positive at 1%. It suggests that heightened environmental pollution and energy shortages in the preceding period prompted the government to undertake necessary measures to address these issues. Therefore, establishing a theoretical model that meets the characteristics of China's resources will be conducive to realizing sustainable development of resources and the environment.

Greening of the Mineral Economy–Take China for Example

As people’s standard of living improves, their demands on the ecological environment are becoming higher and higher. As mineral resources are an important pillar of the national economy, the traditional mode of exploitation often leads to resource depletion and environmental damage. Globally, the exploitation of mineral resources is facing increasingly high environmental standards. The green development of the mineral economy can help promote the transformation of the economic structure from the traditional resource-dependent to the green and low-carbon type, cultivate new points of economic growth, and improve the quality and efficiency of economic growth. Green development emphasizes the sustainable use of resources in the process of mineral resources development and ensures the harmonious coexistence of mineral resources development and the ecological environment.

Relativizacija konflikata na području Svetske baštine UNESCO - slučaj manastira Studenica, Srbija

Conflicts in space encountered by participants in the development of spatial plans for special purpose areas of cultural or natural assets are numerous, and the most significant are between protection and development. The relativization of the conflict implies the harmonization, neutralization or minimization of mutually opposing interests and goals in that area. This paper investigates conflicts in the area of the Studenica monastery, a cultural property inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1986, as well as in the area of the cultural landscape that surrounds it. In this particular case, conflicts were identified between the protection of cultural heritage on the one hand and the development of transport infrastructure, water management and the exploitation of mineral resources on the other. The task of spatial planning, as carried out for special purpose areas, is the relativization of conflicting interests in space. This paper shows that in relation to conflicting interests in the area of a world heritage site, not everything is contingent on the creation of spatial plans of special purpose areas, but rather on their realization, monitoring and evaluation, as well as on the corresponding capacities in general. The aim of the research presented in this paper is to point out the importance of spatial planning in the relativization of conflicting interests and goals using the example of the world heritage site planning of the Studenica monastery.

ЗЕМЛЕВЛАДЕЛЬЧЕСКАЯ АРИСТОКРАТИЯ РОССИЙСКОЙ ИМПЕРИИ И ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЕ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ЧАСТНОГО ПРАВА НА НЕДРА В ПЕРИОД "ИНДУСТРИАЛИЗМА" 1890-1914 ГГ.

Based on the study of archival materials (primarily from the funds of the Yusupov princes), the article considers the issue of the realization by the largest landowners of the Russian Empire in 1890–1914 of their right to the subsoil in order to increase the profitability of their estates. As it turns out, that economic strategy was characteristic not only of a small group of Ural owners, but also for many other titled aristocrats whose possessions were located in the central provinces and especially in the regions of Southern Russia (Donbass and the Caucasus), where huge reserves of mineral raw materials were discovered. The analysis of the relevant sources shows what significant opportunities for increasing revenue were provided by coal and oil deposits, and primarily, by the initiative and economic pragmatism of private landowners in organizing extractive production. As a rule, most aristocrats managed to increase their cash receipts immediately due to minimal organizational efforts. But in the future, with the expansion and complication of extractive production, landowners faced a lack of available funds. The way out of that was seen in selling their lands or in the corporatization of the enterprise, which guaranteed the aristocrats a certain dividend from profits, but transferred most of the capital and income of the estate into the hands of industrial or banking companies. In any case, the entry of the Russian economy in 1890-1914 in the “industrial” period turned out to be extremely profitable for the largest landowners, not only for purposes of developing their agricultural estates, but also in terms of the diversification of their economy, including through the active exploitation of mineral resources.