Extraction Of Mineral Resources Research Articles

Северо-арктические территории Дальнего Востока России: механизмы организационно-управленческой координации отраслей минерально-сырьевой специализации макрорегиона

The purpose of this study – is based on the author’s analysis of the current socio-economic situation in the northern Arctic territories of the Far East to identify the possibilities of joint and coordinated improvement of the economic and geostrategic stability of this transboundary macroregion in its further development through interregional cooperation in its branches of specialization in the extraction of mineral resources. The methodological and methodological foundations of the study are based on the tools of spatial economics, infrastructure theory, inversion analysis, and research in the field of Arctic problems and cluster analysis. As a result of the study, the leading problems, disproportions and inversion processes of regional development and possible directions of spatial transformations of the studied territories in the long term are determined. The results of the work consist in identifying the features of the studied problems, which are based on exogenous and endogenous inversion processes in the manifestation of competitive and cooperative relationships mainly in the branches of specialization of the territories under study. As an organizational and managerial mechanism for resolving these inversion contradictions, proposals are substantiated for the formation of an infrastructural and innovative mesocluster that would coordinate the extraction of mineral resources in the macroregion

Strategic metals of the Arctic zone of Russia

In recent years, the rapidly changing Arctic with melting ice and new discoveries of rich deposits has increasingly attracted the attention of the state and business. The transition to clean energy stimulates the growing demand for the most important metals, which are rich in the Arctic subsoil. The warming climate in the Arctic greatly facilitates the extraction of important mineral resources and the search for new deposits. The article shows the vital role that the Arctic Zone of Russia (AZRF) currently plays and will play in the future in the production and supply of strategic types of minerals and metals.

Geophysical Techniques for Monitoring of Integrated Mine Waste Storage Facility: Case Study of Southeastern Bulgaria

The extraction of mineral resources usually generates varying amounts of extractive waste, which require appropriate management. Extractive waste management is complicated and difficult process. It encompasses a lot of actions and many different competences. Here must be taken into account the mining excavation method, processing methods, beneficiation and overall mineral treatment. The results obtained from these study provide an important basis for the quantification and management of environmental impacts of the Integrated mine waste facility (IMWF) at the “Ada Tepa” gold mine. The aim of this research is to monitoring the process of internal water drainage into constructed cells of the facility. This task is performed using geophysical method based on electrical resistivity measurements made on the ground surface. Electrical resistivity tomography is commonly used to solve mining and engineering issues, because it is efficient and environmentally sound. This study demonstrates the efficiency of electrical resistivity tomography in detecting the saturated zones in the IMWF.

Potential risks of developing countries in the process of exploration and extraction of deep-sea mineral resources

<p>Deep sea mining involves the extraction of minerals from the ocean floor. As deep sea mining is a relatively new practice, there is still much to be learned about the technology and the potential risks associated with it by the developing countries. Developing states must ensure that proper safety measures are in place to prevent accidents and minimize the risk of environmental damage. While the potential benefits of deep sea mining are significant, it is essential to ensure that the process is carried out responsibly and sustainably to protect both the environment and local communities. Developing countries face numerous challenges when it comes to actively participating in deep-sea exploration. Some of these challenges include a lack of adequate resources, limited technological capabilities, and limited access to funding. Additionally, developing countries often lack the necessary legal frameworks and regulatory systems to effectively regulate deep-sea exploration, licensing and extraction activities, especially within the continental shelves and the Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ). These challenges can make it difficult for developing countries to fully participate in this important area of scientific research for a sustainable blue economy. This paper suggests an effective partnership between oceanographic research institutes from developing countries with research institutes from countries like France, Germany, UK, Belgium, Netherlands, China and International seabed Authority (ISA) in deep sea marine scientific research. The paper identifies the need for a joint collaboration for the purpose of acquiring reliable data on the seabed topography, location, shape, coverage, and abundance of deep-sea mineral resources in the continental shelves, exclusive economic zones of developing countries, and area beyond the national jurisdiction. There is also a need to develop legal framework on deep sea policy for sustainable actualization of developing nations’ blue economy.<strong></strong></p>

Geometallurgy: Present and Future

Geometallurgy is an interdisciplinary research field concerned with the planning, monitoring, and optimisation of mineral resource extraction and beneficiation. Geometallurgy relies on a quantitative understanding of primary resource characteristics such as mineralogical composition and texture, the spatial distribution and variability of these characteristics, and how they interact with mining and beneficiation processes. Thus, geometallurgy requires accurate analytical data for resource characterisation and detailed models of orebody geology, mining and processing technologies, mineral economics, and the often-complex interactions between them. Here, we introduce the fundamental concepts relevant to the field, with particular emphasis on the current state-of-the-art and some notes on potential future developments.

The oil production-mineral extraction-economic development nexus: A critical reappraisal

Using a Vector Autoregression (VAR) model, this study examines the relationship between crude oil and mineral extraction, and economic development in resource-dependent countries during the period 1995–2015. The results indicate that the performance of crude oil has a positive and significant short-term impact on economic development indicators, gross domestic product (GDP) growth rates, and employment. Additionally, in countries dependent on mineral resources, increases in crude oil prices increases employment rates by 0.8 %. This study also identified a significant long-term link between mineral resource extraction and economic growth, demonstrating that in nations dependent on mineral resources, an increase in crude oil performance is statistically significantly correlated with a 1.5 % increase in GDP growth. The results help clarify the dynamics at play and offer useful information for stakeholders and policymakers as they develop plans for sustainable economic growth and manage the problems brought on by resource dependency.

A true triaxial creep constitutive model of rock considering the coupled thermo-mechanical damage

The main emphasis in contemporary mineral resource extraction has shifted towards deep Earth resources to address economic development requirements. The influence of temperature has emerged as an undeniable factor as engineering projects delve deeper into the Earth. The definition of a damage variable, which considers the coupled thermo-mechanical damage, has been proposed within the framework of damage mechanics. This definition aims to accurately describe the different stages of rock creep behavior in high-temperature environments. Furthermore, a constitutive model has been developed to describe the creep behavior of rocks under the combined influence of temperature and true triaxial stress. This model considers the series connection of the elastic body, nonlinear Kelvin body, Heard body, and visco-elastic-plastic body. The model has been parameterized and validated using available creep test data, and the equation for the yield surface of rocks under true triaxial stress has been derived through data fitting. The findings suggest that the developed constitutive model is capable of accurately describing the properties of rock creep behavior at different stages in high-temperature conditions, thus confirming its rationality and precision.

Impact of Reindustrialization on the Priorities of Inclusive Development of the Resource Region

Increasing the competitiveness of the economy of a resource region is ensured by developing its production potential. At the same time, indicators of sustainable and social development of the territory are often considered as «secondary». A quantitative assessment of the inclusivity of a resource-specialized region (by the example of the Krasnoyarsk Krai) is convincing evidence of this. The greatest lag in inclusive development is indicators of the standard of living. It should be noted that resource development has significant risks and limitations. To mitigate the negative consequences of priority development of industries for mineral resources extraction, it is proposed to implement a new industrial policy for the reindustrialization of the resource region economy, based on the development of processing industries, the use of environmentally safe technologies, and the development of mechanical engineering as the "core" of industry. The aim of the study is to determine the influence of reindustrialization on the priorities of inclusive development in a resource region. The conducted research has proved that the priorities of inclusiveness, in addition to the general goals of socio-economic development, are the formation of a «green» economy, the creation of high-tech jobs, and expanding the list of engineering specialties focused on the needs of reindustrialization.

Plurigaussian modeling of non-stationary geological domains to assess geological uncertainty in a porphyry copper deposit

In mineral resources extraction projects, the morphology of geological domains that make up the ore types in a mineral deposit is essential for mine and plant planning and design. Modeling the layout of these domains and quantifying the uncertainty associated with such a layout can be performed via geostatistical simulation in order to provide multiple geological outcomes that are equally likely to occur. This work focuses on showing how plurigaussian simulation can help to model ore type domains exhibiting spatially varying probabilities of occurrence, through an application to a porphyry copper deposit in northwestern Iran. The results demonstrate the advantage of incorporating spatial variations of the domain proportions, in accordance with the geological interpretation of the deposit, to obtain geologically consistent and realistic outcomes.

Analisis Kondisi Sumber Daya Mineral Brown Canyon Semarang

Natural resources (SDA) are wealth that not every country in the world has. Natural Resources are divided into several parts according to their classification, including Mineral Resources. Mineral Resources are natural resources that contain minerals and mining materials that have economic value. The materials contained therein are usually used as high-value production materials, this is what causes mineral resources to sometimes be used inefficiently. One of the mineral resources in Indonesia is in Central Java Province, precisely in the city of Semarang, which is commonly known as "Brown Canyon". The "Brown Canyon" area is rich in natural mineral resources which are ultimately used by the community as work land in the form of mining, on the other hand, "Brown Canyon" is also used as a natural tourist attraction. The mineral content in the form of sand and stone in this area has a promising economic value for the surrounding community, but behind this economic value the existing content or reserves are not yet fully known. In this research the author will analyze the current conditions of the "Brown Canyon" area, especially in terms of the availability of mineral resources in the area using qualitative and survey methods. The results of the calculation of mineral reserves were obtained at 1,918,800 tons. Mineral reserves in the form of stone and sand in Brown Canyon will be exhausted within 17 years with annual mineral resource extraction of 108,000 tons.

Key Trends in Pursuing Industrial Policy in Conditions of Russian Economy Digitalization (illustrated by oil industry)

The article analyzes the use of digitalization in oil industry on today’s stage of development and studies best practices of such companies as ‘Lukoil’ and ‘Gaspromneft’. Findings of the research showed barriers for introducing digital technologies in oil industry, i. e. a shortage of highly-qualified workers, who could work with robotized production processes, the necessity to invest large finance resources and difficulties in realizing import-substitution technologies. At the same time two key trends aimed at these challenges minimization were put forward: the development of digital strategy of the company and setting-up own digital techno-parks. Principle advantages of industry digitalization were shown: possibility to attract investors, to increase volumes of mineral resource extraction, to grow the number of spheres of oil companies’ work and to cut costs on equipment maintenance.

Application Prospect of Anaerobic Reduction Pathways in Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans for Mine Tailings Disposal: A Review

The accumulation of mine tailings on Earth, generated from the extraction, processing, and utilization of mineral resources, is a serious environmental challenge. The importance of the recovery of valuable elements and rare-earth elements, together with the economic benefits of precious and base metals, is a strong incentive to develop sustainable methods to recover metals from tailings. Currently, researchers are attempting to improve the efficiency of valuable elements and rare-earth elements recovery from tailings using bioleaching, a more sustainable method compared to traditional methods. In this work, we report the research status of the application of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (At. ferrooxidans) anaerobic reduction in tailings disposal. Recent advances in the anaerobic characteristics of At. ferrooxidans recovery process and technical difficulties are further described. We found that current research has made significant progress in anaerobic recovery. This is of great significance for the development of bioleaching technologies and industrial production of heavy metals in tailings. Finally, based on the perspectives and directions of this review, the present study can act as an important reference for the academic participants involved in this promising field.

Balancing resources and sustainability: Analyzing the impact of mineral resources utilization on green growth

This study investigates the impact of mineral resource utilization on green growth in selected Central Asian economies using autoregressive distributed lag analysis on data from 1995 to 2021. Our findings reveal that increased mineral resource extraction has a detrimental effect on the region's green growth index in both the short and long term due to adverse environmental consequences. Conversely, a 1% increase in hydropower production leads to a 0.10% and 0.19% improvement in the green growth index in the short and long term, respectively. However, higher carbon dioxide emissions weaken green economic growth due to environmental harm and increased healthcare costs. Urbanization also negatively impacts the green growth index in the long term, decreasing it by 0.06%. Policy recommendations include diversifying mineral resource exports, promoting green financing for sustainable resource projects, and expanding sustainable power generation to steer Central Asia toward a more environmentally sustainable economic path.

ФОРМУВАННЯ ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО ПРОФІЛЮ СТРАТЕГІЧНО ВАЖЛИВИХ ВИДІВ ПРОМИСЛОВОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ В УКРАЇНІ (РЕТРОСПЕКТИВНИЙ ПОГЛЯД)

Проаналізовано питання, пов’язані з переформатуванням економічного профілю стратегічно важливих видів промислової діяльності в Україні в довоєнний період, розкрито зміст змін, що відбулися в 1995–2021 рр., у порівнянні з відповідними змінами, які характерні для окремих країн ЄС, зокрема, Німеччини як одного з лідерів в економічному просторі ЄС, а також Польщі, Чехії, Словаччини і Естонії, які пройшли період трансформації економіки від домінуючої планово-розподільної системи до ринкової і, врешті-решт, досягли успіху, ставши членами Європейського Союзу. Серед основних результатів аналізу структурних змін у економіці України і окремих країн ЄС однозначно простежується відсталість української економіки в частині скорочення тих видів промислової діяльності, які формують порівняно високу питому вагу доданої вартості, що зумовлює втрату конкурентних позицій на тлі розглядуваних країн. Відповідно має місце зумовлена домінуванням експорту продовольчих товарів і сировини для їх виробництва, а також промислової продукції, пов’язаної з видобутком мінерально-сировинних ресурсів та їх первинною переробкою, реструктуризація зовнішньої торгівлі України в напрямі примітивізації. Паралельно в імпорті зросла частка продукції виробничого призначення з більш високою питомою вагою доданої вартості, що призвело до формування технологічної залежності та загроз поглиблення подальшого переформатування промисловості в напрямі її периферизації. На основі аналізу позитивних і негативних складових промислової політики повоєнного відновлення і розвитку економіки, що раніше застосовувалися в окремих країнах світу, а також з огляду на наявність в Україні частини промислових виробництв високотехнологічного характеру показано, як шляхом використання наявного історичного досвіду, в тому числі й вітчизняного, можна оминути існуючі загрози, виконуючи так звані "домашні завдання" для забезпечення стабільності розвитку держави. Дана стаття є певним підсумком ретроспективного аналізу характеру розвитку стратегічно важливих видів промислової діяльності майже за останні 20 років. Погляд же на майбутнє буде визначено автором у наступній публікації, запланованій до кінця 2023 р.

Drawing lessons from mineral and land use policy in Europe: Crossing policy streams or getting stuck in silos?

While mineral resource extraction is a contested land-use under increased societal scrutiny, it is tremendously important for clean energy transition and societal economic development. Despite increased demand, access to mineral resources is, however, subject to different stakeholder interests often reflected in competing forms of land-use and institutional complexity of two policy streams of minerals and land use planning. During the last decade public policy responses in Europe introduced new instruments such as protection of minerals deposits or valorisation schemes for minerals development, both aiming to link or integrate these two policy streams. While policy studies focus on the mineral and geological background, they lack the contextualisation in the broader (land-) policy and governance discourse. This article closes this gap and contributes to the interface between mineral resources, land policy and spatial planning. It provides insights into 1) what policy instruments are assembled to policy mixes for integrating minerals and land use planning policy, and (ii) in how far these instruments are fit for purpose in the respective land-use planning system. In our analysis we portray the diversity of policy instruments to better integrate policy domains of mineral and LUP, but are only deployed in a 13 European countries. The instruments are assembled to policy mixes combining regulatory, strategies and guidelines, as well as information-based or voluntary instruments with horizontal policy integration representing on average high degrees of integration compared to vertical integration. Considering diversity of European planning systems and different context of mineral resource challenges, we conclude that it is the “contextual match” of what (instruments) works where (land use planning system) that matters. In our research we clearly indicate this contextual match on two levels: First a planning system and decision-making match for vertical integration, and, second, a policy cycle match for horizontal integration, where minerals or LUP topics/issues, respectively, are considered in preparation or design stage of land-use plans, zoning documents or mineral planning documents. For policy decision-makers the array of identified instruments provides solutions fitting to different socio-spatial contexts of mineral and Land use planning policy as well as different planning systems.

How does geopolitical risk affect carbon emissions?: An empirical study from the perspective of mineral resources extraction in OECD countries

Faced with the severe climate change situation, the major economies of the world have gradually developed carbon reduction strategies to combat climate change. Mineral resources security has become a hot issue because of the frequent occurrence of geopolitical risk (GPR) events, which will further have an inevitable impact on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. However, there is little empirical evidence to support the issue. This paper explores the impact of GPR on CO2 emissions in OECD countries from the perspective of mineral resources extraction. The panel data from 25 OECD countries in the period of 1990–2019 is applied in the empirical study. Three primary conclusions are obtained using panel fixed-effects (FE) model and panel quantile model. First, GPR increases CO2 emissions in OECD countries. Second, the positive impact of GPR is heterogeneous. Third, the positive impact on CO2 emissions occurs mainly due to the exacerbated risks of mineral resources. Increased GPR inhibits the improvement of energy structure and promotes fuel imports, which further increase CO2 emissions. Finally, we provide some policy recommendations to allay these concerns.

Dynamic Tensile Failure Characteristics and Energy Dissipation of Red Sandstone under Dry–Wet Cycles

Studying the dynamic properties of rocks in complex environments is of great significance to the sustainable development of deep-sea metal mineral resource extraction. To investigate the influence of dry–wet cycles on the dynamic tensile properties and energy dissipation of red sandstone, a series of dynamic Brazilian disc tests was carried out through the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) apparatus. The dynamic tensile behaviors and energy dissipation distribution of the red sandstone specimens after different dry–wet cycles (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 cycles) were analyzed in this study. The degree of dynamic tensile fragmentation and energy dissipation of red sandstone is significantly affected by the loading rate. Specifically, when the number of dry–wet cycles remains constant, an increase in loading rate results in a significant reduction in the average fragment size, while the energy consumption density exhibits an approximately linear increase. At a fixed loading rate, the energy consumption density decreases approximately linearly with the increase in dry–wet cycles, and the higher the loading rate, the more sensitive the energy consumption density is to the dry–wet cycle. Under a fixed number of dry–wet cycles, the dynamic tensile strength has an exponential relation with the increase in energy consumption density.

How do mineral resources influence eco-sustainability in China? Dynamic role of renewable energy and green finance

The rapid economic expansion of China has significantly aggravated resource consumption and national carbon emissions, creating a severe ecological threat. Therefore, this research investigates the role of mineral resources, green financing, and renewable energy as determinants of ecological sustainability in China from Q1-2000 to Q4-2020. This research applies the Bootstrap Autoregressive Distributed Lagged (BARDL) model for empirical findings. The descriptive results confirm the normal distribution of mostly variables with stationarity of order one. The cointegrated analysis confirms the long-term association between the variables. The findings through BARDL establish a long-term relationship between green financing, renewable energy, mineral resources, and economic growth. More specifically, it shows that renewable energy and green investment projects facilitate the reduction of carbon emissions in the long run. Contrarily, the extraction of mineral resources and economic growth increase China's carbon emissions. Similar findings have been observed in the short run; however, the magnitude of the coefficients is lower. The Granger causality analysis confirms a bidirectional linkage between green financing, renewable energy, carbon emission, mineral resources, and economic growth, which offered relevant policy suggestions.

Mortar and concrete with lime-rich calcined clay pozzolana: A sustainable approach to enhancing performances and reducing carbon footprint

Low environmental impact sustainable building materials have become a crucial requirement and challenges to the contemporary construction industry. This study is an extensive effort for the development of a green cementitious composite to limit extensive extraction and consumption of nonrenewable mineral resources and CO2 emission generation by the reduction of clinker cement production. In this route, 10%, 25%, 35%, and 50% of CaO-based calcined clay were adopted as a partial replacement for ordinary Portland cement (OPC) in mortar mix. The raw clay was extracted from Nizwa city (NZS) and ground into particles with size less than 75 µm. As per its chemical composition, the clay was classified as cementitious and pozzolanic material as per ASTM C618 standard specifications. The mill was then calcined at different temperatures of 950 °C, 850 °C, and 750 °C. The blend mortar mixes were assessed in terms of their mechanical, microstructural, durability, and thermal performances using various experimental tests. The results indicated that replacement levels of lime-rich calcined clay varying from 10% to 35% of OPC could generally offer similar to better strengths, durability, and thermal performances to a plain mortar. The mortar flow was reduced when incorporating calcined clay, while density was unaffected. Meanwhile, CaO-based calcined clay generally exhibited better performance with regard to permeable voids, combined sulphate + chloride, sulfuric acid attacks, and chloride ions permeability. The outcome of the present work sheds light on the massive potential of calcined clay pozzolana to develop sustainable, affordable, and locally produced blend cement for a variety of infrastructure applications, including energy-efficient and sustainable development, to reduce the carbon footprint.

The impact of natural resource consumption on carbon emissions: evidence of a symmetric and asymmetric effect from Sub-Saharan Africa.

Sub-Saharan African countries are among mineral-rich developing countries strategically competing to guarantee sustainable economic development through resource exploration. The possibility of increasing the level of carbon emission due to using low-cost fuels and high pollutants during mineral resource extraction activities leading to environmental degradation continues to draw the attention of researchers and policy makers. This research aims to analyze the response of carbon emissions in the African continent to symmetric and asymmetric shocks on resource consumption, economic growth, urbanization, and energy consumption. Following the Shin et al. (2014a) linear and nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) methodology in panel form, we construct symmetric and asymmetric panel ARDL-PMG model to evaluate both short- and long-run impacts of resource consumption on carbon dioxide emissions for a panel of 44 African countries over the period 2000-2019. The symmetric results show that the effect is not statistically significant despite natural resource consumption positively impacting carbon emission in the long and short runs. Energy consumption was found to affect environmental quality in the long and short runs adversely. Interestingly, economic growth was found to improve environmental quality in the long run significantly, and no significant impact was reported in the case of urbanization. However, the asymmetric results prove that a positive and negative shock to natural resource consumption contributes significantly to carbon emission, contrary to the insignificant impact established in the linear framework. The gradual growth in the manufacturing sector and an expansion in the transportation sector in Africa led to high demand and consumption of fossil fuels. This possibly accounts for the adverse effect of energy consumption on carbon emissions. Most African countries depend mainly on exploring natural resource endowment and agricultural activities to drive the growth of their economies. Due to the weak environmental regulatory frameworks in most African countries and public corruption, multinational companies (MNCs) in the extractive sector do not adhere to environmentally friendly activities. The majority of African countries are also battling illegal mining activities and illicit felling of trees, which may account for the positive relationship between natural resource rents and environmental quality reported. In terms of policy implications of the study, governments in Africa must preserve natural resources, use environmentally friendly and technologically advanced resource extraction methods, opt for green energy, and strictly apply environmental laws to promote environmental quality on the continent.