Level Of Mineral Nutrition Research Articles

The effect of the level of mineral nutrition on the yield and quality of meadow clover

The research was carried out on sod podzolic medium loamy soil in 2022-2023 in the experimental fields of the Smolensk Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences of the Federal Research Center for Bast Fiber Crops on the basis of the laboratory of agricultural technologies. The purpose of the experiment was to study the effect of the level of mineral nutrition on the yield and quality of meadow clover hay. The object of the study was an early-maturing diploid variety of meadow clover Pochinkovets. The experience was laid down in accordance with the methodology developed by B.A. Dospekhov; mathematical data processing was carried out by the method of dispersion and regression analyses; determination of the amount of organic matter, total and biological nitrogen according to the methodology of A.A. Zavalin and co-authors. According to the results of two years of research, it was found that the largest harvest of meadow clover hay for two mowing was obtained in a more favorable weather conditions in 2022 (20.0 t/ha) relative to 2023 (8.3 t/ha). The maximum yield of hay, regardless of the year of research, was noted in the variant of complex application of the studied fertilizers (N48P48K48). Further dose increases were ineffective. The higher yield in 2022 is due to the fact that taller clover plants were formed this year (up to 10 cm higher compared to 2023). The calculation of the contribution of meadow clover to soil fertility after plowing showed that up to 9.52 t/ha of organic matter entered the soil, up to 181 kg/ha of total nitrogen accumulated with organic matter in the soil, including up to 118 kg/ha of fixed nitrogen.

The influence of agronomic factors on the productivity of emmer wheat in the conditions of the North-West of the Russian Federation

The article presents the results of studies on the influence of the main agricultural practices on the productivity, morphological characteristics, removal and balance of mineral nutrition elements of the Pskovityanka emmer wheat cultivar for the development of cultivation technology and subsequent introduction into agricultural production in the region. The studies were conducted in 2019–2023 in the conditions of the Pskov region. The field experiment studied the levels of mineral nutrition (without fertilizers, N60P60K60, N90P90K90, N120P120K120), seeding rates (4, 5 and 6 million viable seeds/ha) and sowing dates (first and second ten days of May). On average, over the years of research, the emmer wheat grain yield was obtained at the level of 2.2 t/ha. The application of mineral fertilizers at a dose of N60P60K60 ensured the growth of grain productivity in comparison with the control variant at seeding rates of 5 and 6 million seeds/ha by 0.15 and 0.3 t/ha, respectively. Increasing the fertilizer dose to N90P90K90 contributed to obtaining an increase in the control of 0.33-0.34 t/ha of grain at seeding rates of 6 and 5 million pcs/ha, respectively. Decrease in yield at the norm of 6 million pcs/ha was due to the development of a smaller number of productive stems. The application of mineral fertilizers at a dose of N120P120K120 was ineffective, the grain yield was obtained at the level of the variant with N90P90K90. The yield of the emmer wheat straw was from 3.22 to 3.47 t/ha. Analysis of plant samples shows that nitrogen and potassium accumulate in grain to a greater extent, phosphorus to a lesser extent. Emmer wheat straw contains the most potassium, nitrogen has an intermediate value, phosphorus is accumulated the least. On average, over the years of the research it has been established that when cultivating emmer wheat, from 65–72 kg of nitrogen, 27–28 kg of phosphorus, and 82–85 kg of potassium are removed with the yield from 1 ha with the control crop. Only when applying a dose of mineral fertilizers N90P90K90 the need of emmer wheat for nitrogen and potassium is fully covered, the removal of phosphorus with the yield is compensated by smaller doses in the N60P60K60 variant.

The effect of agrotechnical methods on productivity of new winter wheat varieties on ordinary blackearth

The current study was conducted in the pre-Azov agricultural area of the Rostov region in the stationary trial of the FSBSI FRARC in 2020–2023. The purpose of the study was to establish the effect of elements of cultivation technology methods, such as methods of basic tillage, seed sowing rates and a level of mineral nutrition on productivity of new winter wheat varieties in the conditions of ordinary blackearth in the Rostov region. The objects of the study were two new winter wheat varieties ‘Bylina Dona’ and ‘Akapella’ developed in the FSBSI FRARC. The scheme of the trial included three factors for each variety. The experiment was repeated three times. When conducting the study, there was used the generally accepted methodology of a field trial. The effect of different rates of mineral fertilizers and seed sowing with different methods of basic tillage affected the grain productivity of new winter wheat varieties. As a result of three-year study, there has been found a positive effect of moldboard plowing and a seeding rate of 5 million pcs./ha against the background of N120Р80К80 kg/ha of active substance for both varieties, which provided the best productivity of 6.66–7.02 t/ha. There has been established a tendency for changes in productivity of new winter wheat varieties under the effect of the studied elements of agricultural technology, for which there have been identified individual factors and calculated the mean productivity independently of the other two factors, taking into account the experimental options for each of them. The largest mean grain productivity of the winter wheat varieties ‘Bylina Dona’ and ‘Akapella’ with 5.77 and 6.05 t/ha, respectively, was provided by the highest level of mineral nutrition, with a norm of N120Р80К80 kg/ha of active substance, which made it possible to improve productivity by 48.3–49.4 % compared to the control without fertilizers. There has been determined an optimal background of mineral nutrition N80Р60К60 kg/ha of active substance, which ensured the maximum feedback of grain due to fertilizers. The variety ‘Akapella’ in all experimental variants produced grain on 4.5–5.1 % higher than that of the variety ‘Bylina Dona’.

Increasing the productivity of oil flax in the Central Non-Black Earth region

Oil fl ax is a valuable oil crop with a wide range of applications, the raw materials of which are used in the food, technical, chemical, pharmaceutical industries and feed production. In terms of metabolism energy content, fl ax seed surpasses the grain of legumes, cereals and oilseeds. Due to the combination of high energy nutritional value and a large content of useful organic elements, fl ax has a unique biological value. In terms of amino acid composition, fl ax seed is similar to soy protein, but it contains less lysine than soy. Flaxseed presscake obtained during oil production is the most valuable among other types of presscake. Adding waste from fl ax seeds to presscake and meal for young livestock is a proven and good preventive measure that allows reducing the use of expensive synthetic drugs. The purpose of the research was to study the possibility of increasing the productivity of oil fl ax in the Central Non-Black Earth region. Under the conditions of the Central part of the Non-Chernozem zone, on sod-podzolic heavy loamy soils, in multifactorial field experiments, comprehensive studies were carried out on the effect of various techniques (previous crop, use of microfertilizers, level of mineral nutrition, chemical measures of weed control) included in the cultivation technology to obtain diff erent levels of the planned yield of oil flax. It was found that for agricultural production it is possible to recommend the use of winter wheat in crop rotation as a predecessor for oil fl ax, application of mineral fertilizer at the rate of N175P20K65, calculated to obtain the planned yield of 2.5 t/ha, treatment of crops with a mixture of herbicides Hacker, VRG, 80 g/ha + Gerbitox, VRK, 0.8 l/ha, microfertilizer Micropolidoc Plus at a dose of 0.5 l/ha in the “herringbone” phase when the fl ax plants are 8–10 cm tall.

DNA-metabarcoding of cyanobacteria and microalgae in chernozem soils of temperate continental climate of the forest-steppe zone of Eurasia under different degrees of agrotechnology intensification.

Chernozem soil is a valuable resource and contains a great diversity of microorganisms that play a global role in the process of soil formation, the species diversity of which has changed over the last five years under the influence of different agrotechnologies. For the first time, under the conditions of the Central Chernozem region, grain and fallow crop rotation, studies using the DNA-metabarcoding method were carried out to study the taxonomic structure of bacteria, fungi, cyanobacteria, and microalgae communities in the arable horizon of typical medium loamy chernozem under winter wheat cultivation. A comparative analysis of the composition of the genotypes showed significant differences in the presented level of mineral nutrition of the soil NPK (60) and NPK (100) compared with the control variant. After processing the 16S and 18S rRNA datasets, a similar trend of decreasing numbers of pro- and eukaryotic species was found from 6296 (control without MF) to 5310 with NPK (60) and to 4643 with NPK (100), respectively. The Chao1 index indicated that the expected diversity within the prokaryotic group was higher in the control without MF at 211, but decreased to 182 and 193 with NPK (60) and NPK (100) fertilizers, respectively. Analysis of the eukaryotic group revealed a 2.6- and 2.9-fold decrease in diversity by class and genus, respectively, depending on the nutritional levels in agrotechnologies, owing to the use of MF. In the prokaryotic community, Alphaproteobacteria microorganisms predominated at an amount of 14.20-14.46%, with Cyanophyceae accounting for 5.2-9.9%. The diversity of eukaryotes was smaller than the number of classes of prokaryotes; the main dominant were Zygnematophyceae 19.5-41%, Chlorophyceae occupied 10.4-15.8%. On the other hand, the doses of fertilizers used contributed to the emergence of dominant species adapted to high doses of mineral nutrients for plants.

Response of oilseed flax to different level of mineral nutrition in the forest-steppe of Western Siberia

The article presents the results of studying the influence of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on the water regime of meadow-chernozem soil, yield and oil content of flax seeds in 2022–2023. on a stationary experiment at the field forage production laboratory of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Omsk ASC” in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe of the Omsk region. The objects of observation are oilseed flax of the Northern variety and meado-chernozem soil. The scheme of the experiment included the following options: factor A — medium soil availability of mobile phosphorus (50-100 mg/kg according to F.V. Chirikov, background 0), increased (100–120 mg/kg, background I and 140–150 mg/kg, background II), high (150– 200 mg/kg, background III); factor B — phosphorus fertilizer (P0, P60); factor C — nitrogen fertilizer (N0, N30, N60). In this case, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers were superimposed on backgrounds of varying soil phosphorus supply. Climatic factors (temperature and precipitation) determined the initial reserve of total moisture in the soil when sowing oil flax, which was at the level of 82% of the lowest moisture capacity in a meter layer and did not depend on the background phosphorus supply. Mineral fertilizers increased crop productivity. Its highest yield was observed against the background of an increased supply of soil with mobile phosphorus (1.71 t/ha) with the pre-sowing application of ammonium nitrate and ammophos. The oil content of flax, on the contrary, decreased when using fertilizers. Its highest indicators (39.5%) were observed against background II when using phosphorus fertilizers.

Корончатая ржавчина овса: роль сорта, погоды и уровня минерального питания в условиях Западной Сибири

Abstract. The purpose of this study is to assess the factors influencing the incidence of crown rust in oats. Materials and methods. The work was carried out in 2020–2021 at an experimental field located in the northern forest-steppe of the Trans-Urals. The object of the study were three cultivars of Tyumen breeding: Talisman, Otrada and Foma, which were sown on different agricultural grounds, ensuring the formation of yields from 3.0 to 6.0 t/ha of grain. The length of oat vegetation was determined at different levels of mineral nutrition; the degree of disease development and its prevalence in crops. Weather conditions in the years of research differed from the average long–term data: 2020 was hot and moderately dry; 2021 was abnormally hot and arid; 2022 was moderately hot and humid. Results. It has been experimentally proved that the application of fertilizers in doses N150P60 and N200P80 increases the vegetation of oats by 18–21 days due to the prolongation of the second half of the growing season. This leads to an increase in the incidence and prevalence of crown rust. The Foma variety turned out to be the most stable, in which the considered indicators were almost two times lower relative to the Talisman and Otrada cultivars. It was found that the degree of disease development depends on the variety by 27 %; by 21 % on the dose of mineral fertilizers and by 35 % on the weather conditions of the growing season. The prevalence of crown rust in oat crops mainly depends on the variety and mineral fertilizers – the degree of influence of these factors is 43 and 35 %, respectively. Scientific novelty. For the first time, the role of each factor on the susceptibility of modern varieties of oats to crown rust was studied and determined. A correlation has been established between the level of mineral nutrition and the degree of development of the disease. Recommendations. To reduce the risk of crown rust damage to oat crops in the conditions of the Northern Urals, it is recommended to use the Foma variety with the introduction of mineral fertilizers for a planned yield of no more than 5.0 t/ha of grain (N150P60).

Эколого-агрохимическая оценка устойчивости серой лесной почвы к воздействию загрязнения и урожайность картофеля при применении удобрений

The article presents studies in potato agrocenoses and an assessment of the gray forest soil of the Ryazan region using various levels of mineral and organomineral nutrition. It was found that to achieve an average level of stability, the buffering value of agro-gray soil should not be lower, according to the adsorption isotherm at a concentration point of 10 mM/l, 2 l/kg for zinc, copper, cadmium and lead. Exceeding the PBSgm value of 2-4 l/kg means a transition to a high level of stability. In the experiment on potato yield, the maximum yield was obtained on the variant with the action of an organomineral fertilizer system – 283.7 c/ha, which is 114.5 c/ha more than on the control variant (without fertilizers). We note the high yield obtained according to the variant with the action of the organomineral fertilizer system (248.2 c/ha, + 79.0 c/ha), which indicates the high efficiency of nutrition in the potato agrocenosis. Keywords: SOIL, POTATOES, NON-CHERNOZEM ZONE, POTATOES, YIELD, FERTILIZER

Physiological responses of the microalgae Thalassiosira weissflogii to the presence of the herbicide glyphosate in the medium.

We evaluated changes in growth, chlorophyll fluorescence and basic physiological and biochemical parameters of the microalgae Thalassiosira weissflogii cells under the influence of the herbicide glyphosate in concentrations 0, 25, 95 and 150μgL-1 . The toxic effect of glyphosate on algae is weakly dependent on the level of cell mineral nutrition. High concentrations of the herbicide do not lead to the death of microalgae but block the process of algae cell division. An increase in the glyphosate concentration in the medium leads to a slowdown or stop of algal growth, a decrease in their final biomass, an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), depolarisation of mitochondrial membranes and metabolic activity of algae. Glyphosate inhibits the photosynthetic activity of cells and inhibits the relative rate of electron transport in the photosynthetic apparatus. Glyphosate at the studied concentrations does not affect the size characteristics of cells and the intracellular content of chlorophyll in T. weissflogii . The studied herbicide or products of its decay retain their toxic properties in the environment for at least 9days. This result shows the need for further in-depth studies to assess the physiological response and possible acclimation changes in the functional state of oxygenic phototrophs in response to the herbicide action. The species specificity of microalgae to the effects of glyphosate in natural conditions is potentially dangerous due to a possible change in the species structure of biocoenoses, in particular, a decrease in the contribution of diatoms.

Physiological, anatomical and transcriptome analyses reveal ‘Huaizhi’ as widely compatible rootstock in Litchi chinensis Sonn. grafting

Litchi chinensis Sonn. cv. ‘Huaizhi’ (HZ) is an ancient cultivar of litchi. It has been used as widely compatible rootstock for litchi grafting for a long time. However, the mechanism of HZ as widely compatible rootstock is still unclear. In the present study, physiology, morphological anatomy, as well as transcriptomics were conducted to reveal the reasons for HZ with wide compatibility in litchi grafting. Field observation were conducted on the grafting combinations of HZ/HZ (homografting as the control), FZX/HZ and MGL/HZ (the scion with good grafting compatibility in production), SYH/HZ, HHDHL/HZ and WHL/HZ (the scion with weak grafting compatibility in production), embodying that HZ as rootstock did show a wide compatibility. The physiological and biochemical indicators of scion new shoot leaves and scion mother tree indicated that nutrients contents (dry matter weight, total soluble sugar, and starch), mineral nutrition (N and P) levels, and antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase and peroxidase) activities, might be related to the wide compatibility of HZ as rootstock. Microscopic observation of the paraffin sections of healing sites at different stages showed that the necrotic layer of three representative litchi grafting combinations of HZ/HZ, WHL/HZ and MGL/HZ basically disappeared from 14 d to 21 d after grafting, and the callus differentiated into a large number of protoxylem cells, indicating a compatible healing dynamics. Subsequently, a total of 14,384 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by RNA-seq, of which 2,831 DEGs exhibited the same expression trend within three grafting combinations, enriching into phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, plant hormone biosynthesis and signal transduction, sucrose and starch metabolism, MAPK signaling pathway, peroxisome and other metabolic pathways. These results provide a theoretical basis for the adjustment of cultivar structure in litchi production.

Improving the elements of cultivating technology for Sarepta mustard (Brassica juncea L.) on leached blackearth of Western Ciscaucasia

Increasing interest among agricultural producers in Sarepta spring mustard as a promising, multi-purpose crop requires improving the elements of its cultivation technology to obtain consistently high yields. The current study was carried out in 2021–2022 on the experimental fields of the central experimental base of the FSBSI “FRC “All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Oil Crops by the name of Pustovoit V. S.”. The purpose of the research was to study and scientifically substantiate individual elements of the technology (sowing time, seed sowing rate and level of mineral nutrition) for Sarepta mustard’s cultivation on seed productivity of the crop grown on leached blackearth (chernozem) of Western Ciscaucasia. There has been established that the highest yield (1.42 t/ha) and oil yield (0.60 t/ha) of the crop is obtained at an early sowing time (the first term (early) is in the 2nd decade of April) with a minimum seed sowing rate (1.3 million units/ha). Sarepta spring mustard’s single feeding of with ammonium nitrate at a dose of N60 in the seedling phase has helped to obtain maximum yield of 2.08 t/ha and 0.87 t/ha of oil. But the largest oil content in seeds (47.1 %) was identified in the variant with the application of nitrogen fertilizer at a dose of N30 fractionally in equal parts, i.e. in the stages of germination (N15) and booting (N15). Foliar treatment of Sarepta spring mustard with helium mixtures (Micro gel at a dose of 1 l/ha and Brassica gel at a dose of 2 l/ha) in the booting stage allowed obtaining the highest yield of 1.85 t/ha, with 47.9 % of oil in seeds and 0.80 t/ha of oil yield.

Heavy Metal Contamination of Gray Forest Soil in Oilseed Agrocenoses using Mineral Fertilizers

Background: The purpose of the research is to study the features of contamination of dark gray forest soils with heavy metals and to establish the yield of oil cabbage crops as a result of the use of various levels of mineral nutrition in the conditions of the Non-black earth zone of Russia. Methods: The experiments were carried out on the dark gray forest soils of Ryazan region in crops of spring rape, white mustard and gray mustard (Sarepta). Soil sampling to determine HMs was carried out before the experiment. Determination of heavy metals was carried out by atomic absorption spectrometry using a semi-quantitative spectral method on a spectrophotometer in the laboratory of the State Station of the Agrochemical Service “Ryazanskaya” and the laboratories of the university. Result: The studied types and combinations of mineral fertilizers had effect on the growth and development of plants. The effectiveness of the use of mineral nutrition doses proves its high efficiency in studies with oilseed crops in the conditions of the Non-Chernozem zone of Russia. The highest yields, for spring rapeseed (19.3 dt ha-1), for gray mustard (13.7 dt ha-1) and white mustard (12.2 dt ha-1), were observed in the variants with the action of N90-120P60K60.

Corn grain quality under the influence of plant density and level of mineral nutrition in the Steppe of Ukraine

Corn grain quality under the influence of plant density and level of mineral nutrition in the Steppe of Ukraine

Yield of different onion varieties depending on the level of mineral nutrition and growth regulators in the conditions of the Southern Forest-steppe of the Republic of Bashkortostan

The purpose of research was to determine the peculiarities of the action of Epin-extra, NPK+Epin-extra, Heteroauxin, NPK+Heteroauxin on the yield and chemical composition of onions in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe zone of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The novelty of the research comprises because for the first time in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe zone of the Republic of Bashkortostan the experiments with the participation of a new variety of Bashkirian selection - Iglinsky 2. Onion yield of the studied varieties Strigunovsky local, Red Baron and Iglinsky 2 in variants with different nutrition backgrounds was higher than in the control by 0.64-9.34 tonnes/ha. The amount of dry matter in varieties Strigunovsky local and Red Baron was higher than normal in all nutrition backgrounds. The maximum yield of onion was formed in Iglinsky 2 variety on the background of Heteroauxin application - 60.5 tonnes/ha or 116.57% in comparison with the control. The presence of weak negative correlation between yield and average daily temperature regime (r = -0.276) was established. A positive correlation between yield, precipitation sum (r = 0.481) and Heteroauxin (r = 0.470) was found. We can use the research results in cultivation of onion in the Republic of Bashkortostan and the Russian Federation, is of interest for foreign researchers-breeders.

ОЦЕНКА АДАПТИВНОГО ПОТЕНЦИАЛА СРЕДНЕСПЕЛЫХ СОРТОВ КАРТОФЕЛЯ ЧЕЛЯБИНСКОЙ СЕЛЕКЦИИ

The paper analyses the adaptive potential of mid-ripening potato cultivars of the Chelyabinsk breeding. 15 adaptive potato samples have been taken: five cultivars released in the Ural region (Zakhar, Tarasov, Kashtak, Kavaler, Spiridon), one cultivar submitted for state testing (Sapfir) and nine promising cultivars (10.76.1, 10.02.12, 09.23.30 , 09.4.1, 08.17.1, 04.2.13, 05.60.24, 05.76.1 and 04.1.97). To increase the productivity of the potato industry, adaptive cultivars of local breeding should be used. Efforts should be put to submit samples 10.76.1 (KA = 1.32) and 10.02.12 (KA = 1.26) to the state testing as the cultivars have a high degree of adaptability to soil, climatic and phytosanitary conditions of Chelyabinsk region. Mineral fertilisers (N132P143K158) per a 40 t/ha yield ensured higher tuber yields of mid-ripening potato cultivars of the Chelyabinsk breeding: by 3.32–5.51 t/ha in a planting pattern of 75 × 33 cm, by 5.93– 9.31 t/ha in 75 × 19 cm, by 7.14–14.38 t/ha in 75 × 14 cm, depending on the cultivar. The fertiliser rates (N260P260K285) per 60 t/ha increased the yield of tubers: by 7.46–10.82 t/ha in a planting pattern of 75 × 33 cm, by 13.96–18.41 t/ha in 75 × 19 cm, 10 by 17.60–24.75 t/ha in 75 × 14 cm compared to the control (without fertilisers). Thickening of plantings from 40 to 70 thousand tubers/ha improved the yields of the studied cultivars by 3.83–14.07 t/ha; at a higher planting density (up to 95 thousand tubers/ha) the yields rose by 5.90–23.46 t/ha, depending on the cultivar and level of mineral nutrition.

Продуктивность и качество зерна озимой пшеницы в зависимости от уровня минерального питания в условиях вертикальной зональности центральной части Северного Кавказа

The article examines the productivity and grain quality of winter wheat varieties depending on the level of mineral nutrition and vertical zonality of Kabardino-Balkaria. The purpose of the field experiment was to establish the parameters of productivity and grain quality of winter wheat varieties depending on the doses of mineral fertilizers and climatic zones of the CBD. The predecessor in all zones was corn for silage without the use of fertilizers. The soils of the experimental plots and their agrochemical characteristics are as follows: steppe zone – ordinary chernozem, mechanical composition – heavy loamy, content of mobile phosphorus 40 mg/kg, exchangeable potassium 330 mg/kg (according to Machigin), NO3 28.2 mg/kg, sulfur 9.1 mg/kg, copper 2.3 mg/kg, zinc 3.8 mg/kg, humus 3.7%, pH (salt) 7.3; foothill zone – leached chernozem, mechanical composition – clay, content-mobile phosphorus 58 mg / kg, exchangeable potassium 98 mg/kg (according to Chirikov), NO3 38 mg/kg, sulfur 11.5 mg/kg, copper 1.6 mg/kg, zinc 3.5 mg/kg, humus 4.6%, pH(salt) 5.8; the mountain zone is ordinary chernozem, the mechanical composition is clay, the content of mobile phosphorus is 40 mg/kg, exchangeable potassium is 255 mg/kg (according to Machigin), NO3 is 35 mg/kg, sulfur is 2.5 mg/kg, copper is 0.7 mg/kg, zinc is 0.3 mg/kg, humus is 4.3%, pH (salt) 6,7. The repeatability of experiments in all zones is fourfold. The objects of the study were varieties of winter wheat Bezostaya 1 (standard) and Nakhodka. It was established during research on the cultivation of winter wheat varieties in various zones of Kabardino-Balkaria that the Bezostaya 1 variety (standard) yielded grain yields on average over the years from 3.52 t/ha to 5.20 t/ha in the steppe zone, from 3.77 to 5.72 t/ha in the foothill and from 3.91 to 6.00 t/ ha in the mountainous zone, for the Nakhodka variety, these indicators in the steppe range are 3.78–5.77 t/ha, foothill – 3.87–6.44 t /ha and mountainous – 6.10–6.62 t/ha. The maximum grain yield was obtained at a dose of N60P120K60. Qualitative indicators such as 1000 grain weight, natural grain weight, protein and gluten content were higher in the steppe zone compared to the foothill and mountainous zones. A comparative analysis of the varieties showed that the Nakhodka variety is superior in yield by 0.4–1.1 t/ha or 8.1–24.8% in zones, by weight of 1000 grains by 2.6–3.0 g or 6.7–7.7%, by natural grain weight by 18.4–24.8 g or 2.3–3.1%, by protein 0.2% or 1.3% (steppe zone) and for gluten by 0.6–3.0% or 2.1–10.6%.

Yield of spring wheat depending on the level of mineral nutrition and the use of biologically active substances under condition grown of Afghanistan

A field experiments was carried out at the experimental farm department of Agronomy, Agriculture faculty, Al-beruni University, Kapisa, Afghanistan, to study the effect of NPK and gibberellic acid on growth and yield of spring wheat during March-June 2022 and 2023. The experiment was arranged on randomized complete block design, with three replication. Treatments include: T1 - N0P0K0 (Control), T2 – N1P1K1 (120–60-30 kg/ha), T3 – N2P2K2 (160–90-60 kg/ha),T4 – N3P3K3 (200–120-90 kg/ha), T5 – N1P1K1 (120–60-30 kg/ha) + GA3 200 ppm, T6 – N2P2K2 (160–90-60 kg/ha), + GA3 200 ppm, T7 – N3P3K3 (200–120-90 kg/ha) + GA3 200 ppm. In case of mineral fertilizers and gibberellic acid, results indicated that NPK levels and GA3 with a few exceptions remarkably improved the yields attributes and yields of spring wheat. The highest 1000 grain weight (46.98 and 47.18 gr), grain yield (4.16 and 4.63 t/ha) and straw yield of spring (8.48 and 8.55 t/ha) wheat was recorded with application of 160–90-60 Kg/ha NPK + 200 ppm GA3 in both years of 2022 and 2023. While the minimum was found in control treatment.

The influence of plant density and mineral nutrition level on corn grain yield in the conditions of the Northern Steppe of Ukraine

The influence of plant density and mineral nutrition level on corn grain yield in the conditions of the Northern Steppe of Ukraine

Potato yield forecasting based on a fuzzy-possibility model

Potato production is a complex dynamic system that requires ensuring the stability of its functioning in changing, uncertain economic conditions and a scientifically based approach to making effective management decisions. The purpose of the research was to assess and predict potato productivity depending on the level of mineral nutrition and the length of the growing season using expert knowledge and a fuzzy-possibility approach in the conditions of the Republic of Karelia. The experiments were carried out in 2019-2021 on three potato varieties of different early maturity: Udacha, Red Scarlet and Aurora on soddy-weakly podzolic sandy loamy well-cultivated soil. The microfield experiment included two options for applying mineral fertilizers: N80P60K120 и N120P90K180, the variant without fertilizers served as a control. Studies have shown that the application of mineral fertilizers significantly increases the yield of tubers by 10-58%. The yield of potatoes without the use of fertilizers averaged 28.4 t/ha in the experiments. The highest potato yield was obtained on the early variety Udacha (38.4 t/ha) against the background of the use of mineral fertilizers at a dose of N80P60K120. An adequate fuzzy-possibility model (FPM) based on explicit and implicit expert knowledge has been synthesized to predict potato yield. It is shown that the most significant factors in assessing the yield of potatoes of all tested varieties are the level of mineral nutrition (X2) and soil fertility (X5). The synthesized FPM can be used for the planned potato yield under certain external and similar technical and technological conditions.

Ecological testing of spring triticale new varieties in Mari El republic

An important condition for the growth of livestock production is the creation of a stable feed base. One of the promising forage crops is spring triticale. The main advantages of this crop are its high resistance to viral and fungal diseases, ecological plasticity, which allows it to be cultivated in more extreme conditions compared to other crops. Triticale resistance to stresses caused by both weather factors and soil conditions is significantly higher than that of other cereals. It is able to produce stable yields on eroded, sandy, acidic, light soils, where wheat significantly reduces yield. But any crop without the use of fertilizers cannot reveal its potential, especially on poor sod-podzolic soils. The use of mineral fertilizers is the most effective and fast-acting method of increasing the productivity of agricultural crops. The Department of seed production of grain crops in the fields of the Mari Research Institute - branch of the FGBNU FANC of the North-East conducted research to study the effect of levels and timing of mineral fertilizers on grain productivity of zoned and promising varieties of spring triticale. In the course of the study, it was found that the most productive in the conditions of the growing seasons for 2020-2022 with a yield of 3.09 to 4.06 t/ha, depending on the level of mineral fertilizer (factor B), were the varieties Dobroye, Savva and KNIISH 9. Varieties Timur and KNIISH 22 on average by factor B provided a smaller reliable increase in grain to the control grade Rovnya. On average over three years of tests reliably to the standard variety Rovnya highest productivity, with the lowest cost per kg of grain produced with the highest level of profitability, were the varieties Dobroe, Savva, KNIISH 9 at all levels of mineral nutrition and Timur (on background N30P60K60 and N60P60K60 + N30). By recoupment of 1 kg of grain kg of the active substance of fertilizers made the yield stood out varieties Dobroe with indicators on the background of fertilizer N60P60K60 - 5.4 kg, and Timur N30P60K60 - 5.2 kg.