Mineral Formulation Research Articles

Herbomineral Formulations - A Review

Ayurveda has earth-shattering in audience of worldwide on virtue of its holistic approach of life and its fewer side effects. Ayurvedic herbal and herbo-mineral preparations are used for the treatment of chronic and degenerative diseases without any side-effect. Herbo mineral formulation uses the metals and minerals for chronic disorders in different combinations, dosage forms and at various levels of purities. Hence it is very essential to prepare it in a proper way. As per the reported data, there are so many herbo-mineral formulations available in market which is useful in anaemia, diabetes, cancer, liver diseases, skin diseases etc. This review is an attempt to emphasis on the benefits and problems associated with it. Keyword: Cumulative toxicity, Ayurveda, Bhasma, Heavy metals, Herbo-mineral I. INTRODUCTION Ayurveda is the science of life which deals with maintenance of health of healthy persons and cure of ailing humanity as its [01]main ambition .Ayurvedic doctrine of treatment is based on Hetu, (etiological factor) linga (symptom/manifestation) and Aushadh (medicine) and all these stand on concept ofTridosha (three fundamental humours), Panchamahabhuta (five basic of existence of cosmos), saptadhatu (seven vital [02] functionaries of human physiology).

Use of Dietary Supplements in Individuals with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease accompanied by pain, joint stiffness, swelling, impacting quality of life. Individuals with RA may turn to complementary health approaches, including dietary supplements, as a possible way to manage their disease. The purpose of this study was to examine dietary supplement use among individuals with RA (n=84; age 53 ± 14 y; BMI 29.8 ± 7.7 kg/m2; duration of disease 13.7 ± 9.2 y). Height and weight were measured. Patients completed 7‐ day weighed food records and were interviewed about their use of dietary supplements. Disease activity was assessed using the Multi‐Dimensional Health Assessment Questionnaire, C‐reactive protein, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The individuals with RA in this study reported using 3 ± 4 dietary supplements per day. There were no significant relationships between disease activity, duration of disease, age, and mean number of dietary supplements used per day. However, 68 of the study participants (81%) reported daily dietary supplement use, including vitamins (n=52 [62%]), minerals (n=36 [43%]), multivitamin and mineral formulations (n=41 [49%]), herbal remedies (e.g., resveratrol, grape seed extract) (n=12 [14%]), amino acids (n=3 [4%]), dietary substances (e.g., fish oils) (n=26 [31%]), and other compounds (e.g., Co‐enzyme Q10, glucosamine) (n=17 [20%]). Unfortunately, only limited research has examined the safety, efficacy, and potential interactions of dietary supplements with conventional treatments for RA. Because individuals with RA frequently use dietary supplements, more research is needed.

THERAPEUTIC POTENCY OF A SIDDHA FORMULATION KANDHAGA RASAYANAM: A REVIEW

Siddha system of medicine is one of the oldest systems of medicine practised among T amil speaking community. The medicines in this system are prepared from r aw materials like herbs, minerals/metals and animal products. Kandhaga Rasayanam is a herbo mineral formulation with 16 ingredients. It is used for treating skin diseases, arthritis, leucorrhoea, urinary diseases etc. This review is aimed to bring out scie ntific evidence for the therapeut ic usage of Kandhaga Rasayanam and focussed on the pharmacological activity responsible for the curative nature of the drug. M ost of its drugs have antimicrobial, anti - inflammatory activity hence justifying its usage in abo ve mentioned diseases.

The gastrointestinal tract microbiome, probiotics, and mood.

Mental health is closely linked to physical health. Depression (e.g., major depression) is highly prevalent worldwide and a major cause of disability. In a subgroup with treatment-resistant depression, standard pharmacotherapy interventions provide small if any incremental improvement in patient outcomes and may also require the application of an alternate approach. Therefore, in addition to the standard pharmacotherapies prescribed, patients will also be advised on the benefits of psychological counseling, electroconvulsive therapy, and transcranial magnetic stimulation or increasing physical activity and reducing harmful substance consumption. Numerous nutraceuticals have a beneficial role in treatment-resistant depression and include, herbal medicines of which Hypericum perforatum is the best studied, omega-3 fatty acid preparations, S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine (SAMe), various mineral formulations (e.g., magnesium) and folate (singly or in combination with B group vitamins) are prescribed to a lesser extent. Furthermore, a largely neglected area of research activity has been the role of live probiotic cultures that contribute to repairing dysbiosis (aleaky gut barrier abnormality) in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). In this commentary, we build a hypothesis that in addition suggests that GIT metabolites that are elaborated by the microbiome cohort may provide novel and significant avenues for efficacious therapeutic interventions for mood disorders. We posit that the microbiome in the gastrointestinal tract is implicit as an important participant for the amelioration of adverse mood conditions via the diverse metabolic activities provided by live beneficial bacteria (probiotics) as an active adjuvant treatment. This activity is in part triggered by a controlled release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and hence further questions the antioxidant/oxidative stress postulate.

PROCESS STANDARDISATION OF KARA SOODA SATHU PARPAM: A SIDDHA HERBO MINERAL DRUG

This study aims to document the step wise procedures carried out in the preparation of a Siddh a herbo mineral formulation, Kara soda sathu parpam . The purified ingredients wer e ground with lemon juice and made into pellets and subjected to pudam with Karchuuna moosai ( crucible made of limestone). The calcinized pellets were ground to fine powder and stored in an air tight glass container. The used quantity of raw materials and the quantity after purification and the end product quantification is documented and compared . It was noted that the loss percentage i n the preparation of this drug wa s more and hence careful administration of pudam and number of varattis should be strictl y adhered. The raw material should be taken in larger quantities to reduce loss percentage. It can be concluded that identification of raw materials, purification process, SOP of drug preparation, Final product analysis etc. need to be followed while prepa ring a drug. This may lead to large scale preparation of the same with GMP standards.

Effect of Long-Chain ω-3 Fatty Acids and Lutein + Zeaxanthin Supplements on Cardiovascular Outcomes

Dietary supplements have been proposed as a mechanism to improve health and prevent disease. To determine if supplementing diet with long-chain ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids or with macular xanthophylls results in a reduced rate of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The Cardiovascular Outcome Study (COS) was an ancillary study of the Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2), a factorial-designed randomized clinical trial of 4203 participants recruited from 82 US academic and community ophthalmology clinics, who were followed up for a median of 4.8 years. Individuals were eligible to participate if they were between the ages of 50 and 85 years, had intermediate or advanced age-related macular degeneration in 1 eye, and were willing to be randomized. Participants with stable, existing CVD (>12 months since initial event) were eligible to participate. Participants, staff, and outcome assessors were masked to intervention. Daily supplementation with long-chain ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (350-mg docosahexaenoic acid [DHA] + 650-mg eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA]), macular xanthophylls (10-mg lutein + 2-mg zeaxanthin), combination of the two, or matching placebos. These treatments were added to background therapy of the AREDS vitamin and mineral formulation for macular degeneration. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES A composite outcome of myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular death with 4 prespecified secondary combinations of the primary outcome with hospitalized heart failure, revascularization, or unstable angina. Study participants were primarily white, married, and highly educated, with a median age at baseline of 74 years. A total of 602 cardiovascular events were adjudicated, and 459 were found to meet 1 of the study definitions for a CVD outcome. In intention-to-treat analysis, no reduction in the risk of CVD or secondary CVD outcomes was seen for the DHA + EPA (primary outcome: hazard ratio [HR], 0.95; 95% CI, 0.78-1.17) or lutein + zeaxanthin (primary outcome: HR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.77-1.15) groups. No differences in adverse events or serious adverse event were seen by treatment group. The sample size was sufficient to detect a 25% reduction in CVD events with 80% power. Dietary supplementation of long-chain ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids or macular xanthophylls in addition to daily intake of minerals and vitamins did not reduce the risk of CVD in elderly participants with age-related macular degeneration. clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00345176.

CLINICAL EVALUATION OF EFFECT OF GANDHAKA TAILA IN KARNASRAVA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO CHRONIC SUPPURATIVE OTITIS MEDIA

Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is the result of an initial episode of acute otitis media and is chara cterized by recurrent discharge from the middle ear through a tympanic perforation. It is an important cause of preventable hearing loss, especial ly in developing countries. Most approaches to treatment have been unsatisfactory or are very expensive and difficult . As per Acharya Sushruta Karnasrava is a disease characterized by ear discharge. Gandhaka taila is a unique oil based herbo - mineral formul ation especially mentioned for Karnasrava with the procedure of karnapurana. To provide clinical evidence and to prove Gandhaka taila as a safe and effective medicine in c hronic suppurative otitis media, this study has been carried out. In this study , 23 p atients fulfilling the diagnostic and inclusion criteria of CSOM were selected and Gandhaka taila was instilled in to the affected ear for 7 days. The efficacy of the drug was analyzed in terms of the relief produced in the signs and symp toms before and af ter treatment . The paired t - test was used to check the significance of subjective and objective criteria. The r esults of the stu dy were found encouraging and there was also a significant reduction in ear discharge .

Determination of fat-soluble vitamins in foods, vitamin and mineral formulations, feed premixes, and blood serum by reversed-phase HPLC

A method is proposed for determining fat-soluble vitamins A, A1, D3, and E in various matrixes by reversed-phase HPLC with diode-array detection. The method detection limits, analytical ranges for analytes, and relative errors of analysis are found. The conditions of solid-phase extraction are optimized to attain the maximum recovery and preconcentration of vitamins from complex biological matrixes.

The positive effect of arabinogalactan on induction of somatic embryogenesis in Quercus bicolor followed by embryo maturation and plant regeneration

This is the first report on the successful induction of somatic embryogenesis in swamp white oak from leaf and shoot apex explants excised from in vitro shoot cultures derived from 6- to 7-year-old trees. We demonstrated that arabinogalactan from larch wood (2–4 mg/L) promoted embryogenesis in the three genotypes evaluated by increasing the frequency of somatic embryogenesis, the embryogenic sites per explant, and by speeding the onset of embryo initiation. The explants were cultured sequentially on three culture media consisting of Murashige and Skoog (MS) salts and vitamins supplemented with 500 mg/L casein hydrolysate and different concentrations of α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BA). Somatic embryogenesis induction frequencies of up to 12.4, 4.5, and 0.7 % were obtained for the three genotypes. Clonal embryogenic lines were maintained by repetitive embryogenesis following culture on MS medium containing 0.44 μM BA with or without 0.27 μM NAA. Before germination, cotyledonary-stage embryos were cultured for 4 weeks in maturation medium (MS medium with half-strength macronutrients) containing 6 % sorbitol. Germination response was significantly improved by applying a 2-month cold storage as a post-maturation treatment. The mineral formulation and plant growth regulator content of the germination medium influenced the frequency of plantlet conversion with the best results achieved on Gresshoff and Doy medium with BA (0.25–0.44 μM). This procedure resulted in over 50–60 % of germinating embryos exhibiting continuous root growth and either epicotyl elongation or shoot development.

AYURVEDIC FORMULATIONS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS

Psychosis is the group of p sychiatric illnesses with serious distortion of thought, behavior, perception and gross impairment in reality testing. Schizophrenia is the most common disorder in psychiatric outpatient departments. Unmada is a similar clinical condition descr ibed in almo st all Ayurvedic texts. Presently, in modern medicine mainly two types of drugs i.e. typical and atypical antipsychotic are availabl e for the management of these disorders but still a large number of patients are having either poor response, recurrence or not responding to these drugs. Ayurvedic therapeutics has many herbal and herbo - mineral formulations in different dosage forms viz. Churna, Kwatha, Ashava / Arista, Vati / Guggulu preparations, Ghrita preparations, oil preparations, Bhasma/ Rashausadhies e tc. along with Panchakarma and Sattvavajaya Chikitsa for the management of Unmada. By using these drugs either alone or as an adjuvant with antipsychotic drugs we can not only treat but also can minimize the adverse effects of the same.

Classification and discrimination of some cosmetic face powders using XRF spectrometry with chemometric data analysis

Cosmetic foundation powders are one of the most commonly used cosmetic products in modern society. In recent years, the so‐called mineral‐based foundation products have become increasing popular in the cosmetic consumer market and can demand a premium price from the consumer. Manufacturers and suppliers often refer to mineral foundations as being ‘chemical free’, implying that these materials contain no potential skin irritants. However, there are no laws determining the use of the term ‘mineral cosmetic’ and interpretation of the use of the term is at the discretion of the manufacturer.In this study, wavelength‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry has been employed for multi‐elemental analysis of 39 mineral and traditional ingredient cosmetic powders. Quantitative measurements were obtained for Al, Bi, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Si, Ti and Zn. Using cluster analysis and principal components analysis, we could clearly identify the samples as being of traditional or mineral formulation, and in the case of the mineral samples, specific manufacturers could be distinguished. Of the samples examined, samples from two suppliers marketed as mineral‐based were determined as being indistinguishable from traditional formulations. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

DIFFERENTIAL IN VITRO BEHAVIOUR OF THE SPANISH OLIVE (OLEA EUROPAEA L.) CULTIVARS 'ARBEQUINA' AND 'PICUAL'

Nodal explants from the spanish cultivars ‘Arbequina’ and ‘Picual’ showed different behaviour under in vitro conditions. In the initiation medium which included the DKW mineral and vitamins formulations 3% sucrose, 4.4 µM BAP and 0.05 µM IBA, the observed sprouting rates were 68 and 57.7% for ‘Arbequina’ and ‘Picual’ respectively. For shoot proliferation, the effects of five different media were tested. Best results for ‘Arbequina’ were obtained in a modified basal DKW medium supplemented with 2% mannitol and 5.7 µM ZR, with a 2.9 multiplication rate, while for ‘Picual’, 1.6 multiplication rate was observed in the presence of OM basal medium with 3.6% mannitol, 13.68 µM Z, 4.33 µM GA3 and 0.49 µM IBA.

An Open Clinical Trial on the Efficacy of ERI Thailam in the Management of Jangama Vishaja Shopha

Today we have reached great heights in the health care system yet we are not able to manage the bite of poisonous animals effectively which is one of the greatest threats in rural parts. Even today the mortality rate of poisonous bites is very high due to non availability of timely medical aid. However. many such cases are managed by traditional practitioners who are treating emergencies confidently with herbal and mineral formulations without complications. But they seldom come to limelight. The medicine taken for this study-Eri thailam- is a potent formulation which has saved a lot of patients affected by envenomation of snakes and other animals. Among the different presenting symptoms in Vtshaja damsha. Shopha is commonly noticed. In the present study an effort has been made to study the efficacy of Eri thailam in the management ofJangama Vtshaja Shopha.

OA01.22. Quality aspect and variability observed in physico-chemical characteristics and mineral content of ayurvedic herbo mineral formulations from Indian market

Purpose: Quality aspect and variability observed in physico-chemical characteristics and mineral content of ayurvedic herbomineral formulations from indian market w.r.t brihat vat chintamani rasa. Method : Each of the selected herbomineral formulation was thoroughly investigated for the variation in packaging material, label information, analytical parameters like moisture, pH, ash and mineral content such as Iron, Mercury, Gold, Copper and Zinc which play a crucial role in increasing the bioavailability of the drug to the cell. Result : Brand A has maximum iron content of about 8.93 % w/w; Brand B has iron content of about 8.37 % w/w; Brand C has iron content of about 6.86 % w/w and Brand D has low iron content of about 3.54 % w/w. Similar is the case with other parameters. Conclusion: There are variations in quality of the drug from one brand to other. This has to be addressed through development of adequate standards for drug content, process control, monitoring misuse of label requirements. A vast majority of our country population is using indigenous herbomineral drugs for treatment and cure. If we claim that these drugs relieve patients from pain and said indications, then manufacturing and marketing of ineffective medicines is a crime in disguise. It is therefore necessary that standardisation of Ayurvedic mineral medicines should be taken up as a priority programme.

PA01.45. An ayurvedic management of vandhyatva w.s.r. to cervical factor

Purpose: Vandhyatva (infertility) has been long standing problem since ancient period. Many herbal and herbo mineral formulations are mentioned as a treatment of infertility in the ancient texts, but they are not categorized according to the responsible factor like Ritu Kshetra, Ambu, Beeja. It is the need of time to evaluate the efficacy of formulations in respect to various factors of infertility. The objective was to evaluate the efficacy of Aswagandha Ghrita and Phalaghrita in the management of Vandhyatva w.s.r. to cervical factor. Method: In this study, total 14 patients were treated in two groups viz. Group A; Ashwagandha ghrita (Intra cervical Uttarbasti 6days for 2 cycles and Ghritapana 15ml bid for 2 months) and Group B; Phalaghrita (Intra cervical Uttarbasti 6days for 2 cycles and Ghritapana 15 ml bid for 2 months) to assess the role of Ghrita in the management of Vandhytva. Sim's hunter and Moghissi cervical mucus Test and Post coital test were selected for the diagnosis and for evaluation of efficacy of therapy on cervical factor. Result: The overall effects of both the therapies on properties of cervical mucus showed that the administration of Ashwagandha ghrita (group A) was more effective to increase the amount and tradability as compared to Phalaghrita whereas Phalaghrita was more effective in comparison to Ashwagandha ghrita to decrease the cellularity and viscosity of cervical mucus. Conclusion: Significant results were found in both the groups, but Ashwagandha ghrita provided better results in comparison to Phalaghrita.

Effect of injectable trace minerals on the humoral immune response to multivalent vaccine administration in beef calves1

The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of injectable trace minerals on humoral responses of calves receiving a viral vaccination. Beef steer calves (n = 99; average BW = 316 ± 4.2 kg), seronegative for bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) and bovine viral diarrhea virus, genotypes 1 and 2 (BVDV-1 and BVDV-2), were sourced from 2 locations. All calves, except 15 non-vaccinated (sentinel) calves, received a single dose of a multivalent modified live vaccine (Titanium 5; AgriLabs, St. Joseph, MO) containing BHV-1, BVDV-1, BVDV-2, bovine parainfluenza virus type 3, and bovine respiratory syncytial virus. Among the vaccinated calves, 2 treatments were concurrently and randomly applied on the basis of initial serum Se status and BW, including 1) injectable trace mineral supplement (ITM; n = 42; 7 mL subcutaneous.; MultiMin, Fort Collins, CO) containing 15, 40, 10, and 5 mg/mL of Cu, Zn, Mn (all as disodium EDTA salts), and Se (as Na selenite) or 2) saline-injected control (Control; n = 42). As a measure of humoral immunity, neutralizing antibody titers were measured on d 0, 14, 30, 60, and 90, relative to vaccine administration. All calves were seronegative for each of the 3 viruses on d 0, and sentinel calves remained seronegative throughout the study. Serum mineral concentrations were evaluated on d 0 and 14. No differences (P ≥ 0.30) in serum Cu, Zn, Mn, or Se were observed between treatments on d 0. Control steers experienced a decrease (P < 0.001) in serum Zn and Se, and ITM steers had an increase (P = 0.007) in serum Cu on d 14 relative to initial d 0 values. On d 14, serum Zn and Se concentrations were greater (P < 0.01) in ITM compared with Control steers. Vaccinated calves experienced marked increases in neutralizing antibody titers by d 30 following vaccine administration. Calves receiving ITM at the time of vaccination experienced greater (P ≤ 0.003) neutralizing antibody titers to BHV-1 on d 14, 30, and 60 compared with Control. These results demonstrate that the injectable trace mineral formulation evaluated in this study, administered concurrently to viral vaccination, does not impair humoral immune responses in beef calves. Further, concurrent administration of ITM and BHV-1 vaccine may enhance the production of neutralizing antibodies to BHV-1 in previously naïve beef calves.

고농도의 미네랄을 실리콘 네트워크 필름에 포집한 젤 에센스 제형의 피부 밝기 개선 효과

Since minerals are in ionic forms in aqueous phase (like deep sea water), it is very hard to incorporate concentrated minerals in gel like cosmetic formulations which are generally composed of carbomer or acrylates polymer. In this study, we invented a salt-resistant network formulation made of silicon copolyol. It was found that the network formulation traps minerals (especially from marine) in a mesh-like silicone copolyol structure. Since the mineral-containing formulation makes a very thin film on the skin, minerals could be easily absorbed into stratum corneum. In 6 weeks in vivo test, it was found that the novel mineral formulation increased the amounts of amino acids, major components of natural moisturizing factors (NMFs), as well as levels of minerals. It was also found that the moisture contents and the brightness of the skin increased.

Standard operating procedure of Hingulottha Parada

Parada (mercury) is an important ingredient of Ayurvedic drugs particularly of the Rasayogasi.e. metallic and mineral formulations. According to the classical texts Hingulottha Paradahas similar properties to Ashtasamskarita Parada. Generally Parada is collected by UrdhvaPatana (upward sublimation), Adhah Patana (downward sublimation), and Tiryanka Patana(transverse sublimation) method from the Hingula (cinnabar) i.e. HgS. There are so manymethods with same principles which are found for the extraction of Parada from Hingula. Butmost of the methods are not convenient to procure Parada from Hingula. Considering this, apharmaceutical study has been taken up on extraction of Parada from Hingula by Nadayantramethod. Average yield of 73.00% Hingulottha Parada was obtained in this study.

Physiological Aspects of Male Libido Enhanced by Standardized Trigonella foenum‐graecum Extract and Mineral Formulation

The aim of the clinical study was to evaluate the effect of Testofen, a standardized Trigonella foenum-graecum (Fenugreek) extract and mineral formulation, on male libido (sexual drive, urge or desire) in a double blind randomized placebo controlled study. The study recruited 60 healthy males aged between 25 and 52, without erectile dysfunction and randomized to an oral dose (two tablets per day) of the active treatment (600 mg Testofen per day) or placebo for 6 weeks. The primary outcome measure was the DISF-SR (male) self-administered QOL total score and the four domain scores. The secondary outcome was specific quality of life parameters. Testofen had an overall positive effect on physiological aspects of libido. In particular, there was a significant increase in the subdomains of sexual arousal and orgasm. Testofen had a positive effect on QOL in self-reported satisfaction with muscle strength, energy and well-being but did not have an effect on mood or sleep. Serum prolactin and testosterone levels remained within the reference range. It was concluded that Testofen demonstrated a significant positive effect on physiological aspects of libido and may assist to maintain normal healthy testosterone levels.

A Prospective Study on Parpati Kalpana w.s.r to Panchamrut Parpati

Rasa Shastra, one of the Pharmaco-therapeutic branches of Ayurveda, incorporates many of the inorganic, herbo-mineral and metallic pharmaceutical preparations namely Khalviya Rasayana, Parpati Rasayana, Pottali Rasayana and Kupipakwa RasayanaParpati Rasayanas are one among the Rasaoushidhis mentioned in the Ayurvedic classics and the therapeutically effective mineral & metallic formulations. These are the most popular among the processing's of Mercury. Parpati Rasayana Kalpanas are the most popular among the processing's of Mercury and are widely used. These are therapeutically effective mineral and metallic formulations; including both Sagandha and Nirgandha Parada Yukta yogas. Parpati Kalpana (Flakes) is a well known and successfully used preparation for the management of Grahani. The name "Parpati" is given to this preparation because of its form and the method of preparation as it is made in the form of thin flakes. It is also said about it that because of its similarity of Papada, so it is called as Parpati. This process dates back to 11 th century and is found widely in Ayurveda literature. Parpati Rasayanas have high therapeutic value, potent, less toxic and cost effective medicines. Panchamruta Parpati is one of the formulations used in Grahani (Malabsorption sprue syndrome). In this process, Parada is heated along with Gandhaka and other drugs. Here Parada gets a very intimate bondage with Gandhaka which helps to exhibit thousands of qualities compared to any other formulations. Agni plays an important role in altering the natural physico-chemical properties and the potency of the dravyas. A number of Parpatis are derived in subsequent periods such as Tamra parpati, Panchamruta parpati, Swarna parpati (Rasapaddhati), Loha parpati, Vijaya parpati etc. were developed by different scholars by adding one or the other ingredients.