Mindful Self-care Research Articles

Mindful Self-Care, Self-Compassion, and Resilience Among Palliative Care Providers During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

ContextGiven the adverse impact of COVID-19 on the wellbeing of palliative care providers, there is a growing need to better understand protective variables, such as self-care, mindfulness and self-compassion, as they relate to resilience.ObjectiveTo investigate mindful self-care, self-compassion, and resilience as reported by palliative care providers during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsDescriptive, cross-sectional survey. An electronic questionnaire captured data from validated instruments measuring each study variable, as well as participant demographics and perceived impacts of COVID-19 on professional quality of life.ResultsPositive, statistically significant correlations were found between mindful self-care, self-compassion, and resilience. These variables were also associated with greater satisfaction with professional life and perceived lessened impairment in physical and/or mental health due to a decrease in self-care activities stemming from altered routines during COVID-19. Those with higher resilience had worked in palliative care longer and also reported higher levels of self-compassion and mindful self-care, explaining 50% of variance. Self-compassion, satisfaction with professional life, and changes in self-care routine due to professional activities in the pandemic explained 44.3% of variance in mindful self-care. Self-compassion, female gender, and working as a frontline responder to the COVID-19 pandemic accounted for 35% variance in resilience levels.ConclusionsResults from this study extend the currently limited knowledge of self-care, mindfulness and self-compassion, as protective variables related to resilience in palliative care providers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Further longitudinal studies into causal effects on health and wellbeing over time are needed.

The Role of Mindful Self-Care in the Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Burnout in University Students

Academic burnout can have serious consequences for university students. Students are prone to higher levels of stress and depression, poorer academic performance, and attrition from university. It is therefore important to investigate factors associated with these deleterious outcomes in order to assist educators develop effective programs to proactively address student well-being. The purpose of this study was to explore the associations between emotional intelligence (EI), student well-being, mindful self-care (MSC), and academic burnout. A further aim was to investigate the mediating role of MSC in the EI-burnout relationship. A sample of 216 university students (167 females; 78%) 18 years and older (M = 35.57, SD = 11.59) completed a battery of questionnaires associated with life satisfaction, EI, MSC, and academic burnout. Results found that EI was positively associated with well-being and MSC and negatively associated with each dimension of academic burnout. A series of multiple regression mediation analyses found that MSC mediated the relationship between EI and the exhaustion and efficacy dimensions of academic burnout. However, MSC did not mediate the relationship between EI and cynicism. The findings of this study suggest that MSC may be an important factor for improving student well-being and protecting against academic burnout.

Translation, cultural adaptation, and validation of the mindful self-care scale among Brazilian palliative care providers.

This study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and validate the Mindful Self-Care Scale (MSCS, 33-item) in a Brazilian hospice and palliative care context. This was a cross-sectional study with a sample of 336 Brazilian hospice and palliative care providers. The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer - Quality of Life Group Translation Procedure protocol was used for the translation and the cultural adaptation process. Psychometric properties supporting the use of the MSCS were examined through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and correlation analysis with other instruments to assess congruence to related constructs (resilience and self-compassion). The reliability of the Brazilian-Portuguese version of the MSCS was assessed using Cronbach's α and composite reliability coefficients. The six-factor (33-item) model showed a good fit to the data, with satisfactory reliability indices and adequate representation of the scale's internal structure. Further validity is evidenced in the significant, positive correlations found between the MSCS, and similar well-being constructs, namely the Self-Compassion and Resilience scales. The findings reveal that the MSCS (33-item) is a valid, reliable, and culturally appropriate instrument to examine the practice of mindful self-care by hospice and palliative care providers in Brazil. More broadly, it represents a promising instrument for future research into self-care practices and well-being among Brazilian healthcare providers.

Mindful self-care and resilience in first-year undergraduate students

Objective Post-secondary students experience elevated levels of academic stress. The objective of the current study is to examine the relationship between a three factor model of resilience (ie, mastery, emotionality reactivity, and relatedness), mindful self-care and flourishing in first-year undergraduate students. Participants A sample (n = 177) of first-year undergraduates were recruited from a large urban university in Alberta during the 2019–2020 academic year. Method A multiple regression analysis was utilized to examine whether the three-factor model of resilience and mindful self-care predicted flourishing in undergraduate students. Results Self-reported resilience significantly predicted flourishing. Specifically, a sense of mastery and a sense of relatedness was positively associated with flourishing. Additionally, mindful self-care significantly predicted flourishing. Specifically, supportive relationships and supportive structure. Conclusions University demands are significant and academic stress reduction interventions should be offered to support students entering post-secondary education.

Psychometric Properties of the Chinese Version of the Brief-Mindful Self-Care Scale: A Translation and Validation Study.

Objective: This study aimed to translate the Brief-Mindful Self-Care Scale (B-MSCS) into Chinese and validate its reliability and validity among hospice nurses.Methods: A total of 510 hospice nurses were recruited from three provinces in China. The reliability of the translated scale was measured by internal consistency, split-half reliability, and test-retest reliability. The validity of the translated scale was evaluated by expert consultation, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis.Results: The Cronbach's α value of the Chinese version of B-MSCS was 0.920, and the Cronbach's α value of the dimensions ranged from 0.850 to 0.933. The split-half reliability and test-retest reliability were 0.770 and 0.723, respectively. Furthermore, the content validity index of the scale (S-CVI) was 0.946. The 6-factor structure, supported by the eigenvalues, total variance explained, and scree plot were obtained by using exploratory factor analysis. Moreover, as a result of the confirmatory factor analysis, the model fitting indexes were all in the acceptable range.Conclusion: The Chinese version of B-MSCS had suitable reliability and validity among hospice nurses. The developed scale will evaluate the level of mindful self-care of Chinese hospice nurses, providing an opportunity for development of targeted educational plans. Each item is a direct guide for hospice nurses to develop their mindful self-care practice.

Australian Chaplains and Their Professional Quality of Life.

Chaplains often express a sense of satisfaction in helping others. But their work renders them vulnerable to secondary traumatic stress and burnout. We investigated mindful self-care, comparing the experiences of chaplains and other workers. Measures used included mindful selfcare, social support, and professional quality of life. We found self-care practices did not predict the professional quality of life. Lack of supportive structures and mindful awareness predicted burnout. Compassion satisfaction might arise from other sources.

Mindful Self-Care for Caregivers: A Proof of Concept Study Investigating a Model for Embedded Caregiver Support in a Pediatric Setting.

We conducted an open-trial proof of concept study to determine the safety, acceptability, and feasibility of Mindful Self-Care for Caregivers (MSCC) for parents of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) (N = 13). The intervention was offered as a co-located care model in a pediatric specialty center where the participants’ children received care. Results demonstrated that the intervention was: highly acceptable to all stakeholders (i.e., participants, the group facilitator, and center administration) and could be conducted safely by a masters-level practitioner with minimal resources. Further, secondary measures support a hypothesized interventional model of MSCC, demonstrating gains in mindfulness skills and sense of competency in the parenting role reduced perceived stress and depression in parents of children with ASD.

Mindful Self-Care Practice of Nurses in Acute Care: A Multisite Cross-Sectional Survey

Consistent mindful self-care practices mitigate professional burnout and improve resilience to enable nurses provide safe and effective patient care. This study determined the levels and the influencing factors of mindful self-care of nurses in acute care settings. Data were collected from a convenience sample of 258 nurses from seven acute care hospitals using the 36-item Mindful Self-Care Scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive and correlation analyses. Nurses' mindful self-care scores were low, and female nurses had higher levels of mindful self-care than male nurses. Statistically significant negative correlations were found between nurses' mindful self-care levels and their age and clinical experience. Nurses' engagement in mindful self-care is low which may negatively affect their interactions with and care of patients and their families. Therefore, a need exists to develop and evaluate more clinical-based personal and organizational strategies to enhance the mindful self-care practices of nurses.

Structural relationship between mindful self-care, meaning made, and palliative worker’s quality of life.

Structural relationship between mindful self-care, meaning made, and palliative worker’s quality of life.

Serving Students Takes a Toll: Self-Care, Health, and Professional Quality of Life

The purpose of this study was to assess the health impact of professional quality of life and self-care on student services professionals. Results of an online survey indicate that health-related quality of life was negatively associated with compassion fatigue (secondary traumatic stress and burnout) and positively associated with mindful self-care. The latter association was insignificant after controlling for compassion fatigue. Organizations should develop policies to help mitigate stressors and foster an environment conducive to self-care.

Translation and Validation of the Mindful Self-Care Scale—Chinese Version: A Pilot Study

(1) Background: Numerous research studies have investigated and identified the high prevalence of poor mental health status among the Chinese population, for example suffering from a high level of anxiety and depression. Moreover, the Chinese population are shown to have a conservative attitude towards mental health problems and a passive help-seeking behaviour when suffering from psychological distress. Therefore, it is important to assess the levels of self-care among the Chinese population, which is considered as the basis for tackling psychological well-being issues by the World Health Organization (WHO). Self-care was conceptualised and measured by the Mindful Self-Care Scale (MSCS), but without being translated and adapted to the Chinese population. The purpose of this study is to translate the scale into Chinese and to conduct a pilot test to validate the scale among the Chinese population. (2) Methods: Participants (N = 161), with 96 females and 65 males, with an age range from 18 to 62, mage = 26.1 (SD = 6.64), were recruited from Hong Kong (n = 63), Taiwan (n = 44), and mainland China (n = 54) using convenience sampling. (3) Results: The results show a satisfying internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.915) without items that need to be deleted as well as an adequate validity, with Kaiser–Mayer–Olkin (KMO) value of 0.856 and significant correlation between self-care and the two variables: self-compassion and well-being (r = 0.403, r = 0.172, p < 0.001). (4) Conclusions: The results preliminarily indicate that the Chinese version of MSCS is reliable and valid. However, test–retest reliability and confirmatory factor analysis should be performed with a larger sample size for further validation.

Experiences of university employees of the impact of a mindful self-care and resiliency program on their well-being

ABSTRACT University employees experience high levels of workplace stress, with the perception that it is increasing, due to less autonomy, increased student numbers, excessive administrative work and role ambiguity. This study is part of a larger evaluation of the effectiveness of a Mindfulness, Self-Care and Resiliency (MSCR) program to improve the well-being of university employees in a regional university in Australia. In this study we report the results of interviews with 19 university employees who completed the program in 2019. The aim was to determine the acceptability, feasibility, and sustainability of the program in a university setting. MSCR teaches resiliency skills to improve overall stress management, well-being, and self-care behaviour. The program was delivered to both academic and support (professional) staff. Of the 19 employees interviewed, 13 were academic and 6 were professional staff. As it was evident that there was no difference in emerging themes between the two groups, the data were pooled for thematic analysis. Two overarching themes were found: impact of the program on the individual self (pre-existing mindset and learning and the impact of the program on individual well-being and self-care) and the way the individual interacted with others in their environment (inside the work environment – physical space, interaction with others [staff and students]), attending follow-ups at work and outside the work environment (interaction with immediate family, social support). It is apparent that the program was acceptable, feasible and sustainable, with employees reporting changes from the program at the one-month interview point. Results highlight the importance of skills to build inner-calm to manage the complex work environment as well as providing permission to staff to implement self-care activities in the workplace, regardless of their employment status.

A conceptual model describing mechanisms for how yoga practice may support positive embodiment

ABSTRACT Yoga practice has been associated with various indices of positive embodiment in correlational and intervention studies. Yet, systematic, theoretically-grounded models detailing specific mechanisms by which yoga supports positive embodiment are lacking. In this article, we present a conceptual model that describes mechanisms (i.e., mediators and moderators) that can be used to guide research to help answer how, for whom, and under what conditions yoga practice may promote positive embodiment. Based on existing theoretical frameworks and empirical findings, this model suggests that (a) yoga practice may cultivate embodying experiences during yoga (e.g., state mindfulness), (b) these embodying experiences may build stable embodying experiences that generalize beyond the yoga context (e.g., trait mindfulness), and (c) these stable embodying experiences may then promote embodying practices (e.g., mindful self-care). This mediational chain is likely moderated by the yoga context (e.g., instructional focus, presence of mirrors, diversity of bodies represented) and yoga practitioners’ social identities (e.g., body size, physical limitations), social and personal histories (e.g., experiences with weight stigma and trauma), and personality traits and motives (e.g., body comparison, appearance-focused motives to practice yoga). Using the structure of this conceptual model, we offer researchers ideas for testable models and study designs that can support them.

The comparison of Mindful self-care, Attachment Styles and Relationship Maintenance Strategies in Married People with & without Marital Conflict

پژوهش حاضر با هدف مقایسه سبک‌های دلبستگی، خودمراقبتی ذهن‌آگاه و راهبردهای حفظ رابطه در زنان و مردان متأهل با و بدون تعارض انجام شد. روش پژوهش توصیفی و از نوع علی- مقایسه‌ای بود. جامعه آماری پژوهش در دو گروه شامل کلیه زنان و مردان متأهل ساکن شهر تهران و زنان و مردان متأهل مراجعه‌کننده به مراکز مشاورۀ شهر تهران بودند که 183 فرد متأهل (گروه اول: 98 نفر و گروه دوم: 85 نفر) به روش نمونه‌گیری دردسترس و داوطلب برای شرکت در پژوهش انتخاب شدند. هر دو گروه به‌صورت انفرادی به مقیاس خودمراقبتی ذهن‌آگاه کوک­کاتن (2015)، پرسشنامۀ تجارب در روابط نزدیک فرالی، والر و برینان (2000) و راهبردهای حفظ رابطۀ استافورد (2011) پاسخ دادند. نتایج حاصل از اجرای آزمون تحلیل واریانس چندمتغیره (مانوا) نشان داد که زنان و مردان دارای تعارض زناشویی، در مؤلفه­های خودمراقبتی ذهن­آگاه و راهبردهای حفظ رابطه نمرات پایین­تر و در سبک­های دلبستگی اجتنابی و اضطرابی نمرات بالاتری نسبت به گروه زنان و مردان بدون تعارض زناشویی کسب کردند. وجود تعارضات حل‌نشده، موجب تضعیف رفتارهای خودمراقبتی، راهبردهای حفظ رابطه و اتخاذ سبک‌های دلبستگی اجتنابی و اضطرابی در زوجین می‌شود، ازاین‌رو، ارتقای کیفیت رابطه زوجین به کمک آموزش و آگاه کردن آن‌ها نسبت به استفاده از راهبردهای حفظ رابطه می‌تواند زوجین را نسبت به رفتارهای خودمراقبتی و اصلاح سبک‌های دلبستگی یاری نماید.

Pilot study of the effectiveness of a Mindful Self-Care and Resiliency program for rural doctors in Australia.

Rural doctors are difficult to recruit and retain. Burnout and stress in the medical workforce fluctuates according to location. Overall, doctors have an elevated risk of depression and suicide compared to the general population and other professionals. Higher levels of occupational stress also effect patient care, levels of work satisfaction and relationships with others. This study evaluated the effectiveness, acceptability, feasibility and sustainability of the Mindful Self-Care and Resiliency Program. This was a sequential mixed-method study involving the collection of both quantitative and qualitative data. The study was conducted in Emerald, Queensland. Thirteen doctors took part in the program with seven providing pre and post survey responses. Qualitative data were collected via semi-structured telephone interviews with an additional four rural doctors. Intervention The Mindful Self-Care and Resiliency program consisted of a 4-hour face-to-face session and three 1-hour video-conference follow up sessions. Main outcome measures Burnout, negative affect, well-being and psychological strain were assessed using self-report measures before and after taking part in the program. Results The majority (six out of seven) of the doctors showed reductions in burnout, psychological strain and negative affect following participation in the program. The qualitative data indicated that all doctors gained new skills: self-awareness, reflection and self-care. They also reported improved interaction with colleagues and patients, to whom they passed on their new learning. Conclusion This preliminary investigation of the effectiveness and feasibility of Mindful Self-Care and Resiliency for rural doctors indicates that the program has promise in improving the emotional well-being of this occupational group. Although this study captured approximately one-third of the Emerald workforce, further research with a larger sample is required to confirm these findings.

Building resilience among rural and remote nurses in Queensland, Australia

AimThis study evaluated a workplace resilience intervention involving registered nurses working in rural and remote settings in Queensland, Australia. BackgroundThe nature of nursing work provides a range of challenges to the psychological well-being of nurses. To address these challenges, research in the area of building resilience to enhance psychological well-being among nurses is growing rapidly, although few studies have investigated these phenomena in rural and remote settings. Design/methodsThe study implemented and evaluated a Mindfulness Self-Care and Resiliency (MSCR) program delivered to registered nurses (N = 32) working in rural or remote locations, to enhance workplace resilience. Registered nurses who attended the program were invited to evaluate the program via a semi-structured telephone interview. Results/findingsQualitative analysis showed that most nurses found the MSCR program valuable and relevant in terms of learning new knowledge and skills to help build resilience to stress in the workplace. ConclusionThe MSCR intervention was received positively by the registered nurses who participated and may have broader application across the rural healthcare sector.

Using relational mindfulness to facilitate safety in the clinical encounter.

The therapeutic relationship in psychiatry is reliant upon first establishing a sense of interpersonal safety. This paper explores relational mindfulness as a way to facilitate safety in the clinical encounter, as well as proposes factors that enhance a clinician's capacity to remain mindfully present. Through the ongoing practice of mindful awareness, self-care and self-awareness all clinicians can benefit from increased capacity for relational mindfulness to enhance interpersonal safety. This is then likely to benefit not only the patient and the therapeutic relationship but also the clinician.

Putting Oneself in the Body of Others: A Pilot Study on the Efficacy of an Embodied Virtual Reality System to Generate Self-Compassion.

Compassion-based interventions (CBIs) have been shown to be effective for increasing empathy and compassion, and reducing stress, anxiety, and depression. CBIs are based on constructive meditations where imagery abilities are essential. One of the major difficulties that participants report during the training is the difficulty related to imagery abilities. Virtual reality (VR) can be a useful tool to overcome this limitation because it can facilitate the construction and sustainment of mental images. The machine to be another (TMTBA) uses multi-sensory stimulation to induce a body swap illusion. This system allows participants to see themselves from a third perspective and have the illusion of touching themselves from outside. The main objective of the present study was to analyze the efficacy of a self-compassion meditation procedure based on the TMTBA system versus the usual meditation procedure (CAU) in increasing positive affect states, mindful self-care, and adherence to the practice, and explore the influence of imagery abilities as moderators of the effects of the condition on adherence. A sample of 16 participants were randomly assigned to two conditions: TMTBA-VR and CAU. All participants had to listen to an audio meditation about self-compassion and answer questionnaires before and after the training. The TMTBA-VR condition also had a body swap experience at the end of the meditation while listening to self-compassionate messages. Afterward, they were invited to practice this meditation for 2 weeks and then measured again. After the compassion practice, both conditions significantly increased positive qualities toward self/others, decreased negative qualities toward self, and increased awareness and attention to mental events and bodily sensations, with no differences between the conditions. After 2 weeks, both conditions showed a similar frequency of meditation practice and increases in specific types of self-care behaviors, with the frequency of clinical self-care behaviors being significantly higher in TMTBA. Finally, lower imagery ability in the visual and cutaneous modality were moderators of the efficacy of the TMTBA (vs. CAU) condition in increasing adherence to the practice. Embodied VR could be an interesting tool to facilitate and increase the efficacy of CBIs by facilitating the construction of positive and powerful mental images.

Validation of the Mindful Self-Care Scale (MSCS) and development of the Brief-MSCS among hospice and healthcare professionals: a confirmatory factor analysis approach to validation

In the emotionally intense field of healthcare, the ability to peacefully inhabit one's body, maintain good boundaries, and be fully present during care is essential. This study aimed to validate the recently developed Mindful Self-Care Scale (MSCS) among hospice and healthcare professionals and develop a brief version of the 33-item MSCS. A sample of hospice and healthcare professionals from all 50 states (n = 858) was used. A confirmatory factor analysis was run using a rigorous methodology for validation and item reduction to develop a brief version of the 33-item MSCS. The brief MSCS (B-MSCS) was developed by identifying items for exclusion through examination of conceptual overlap, descriptive statistics by detecting sources of improvement model fit using confirmatory factor analysis. Model modifications were done sequentially and with regard to theoretical considerations. The existing model, 33-item MSCS with six subscales, had good fit to the data with all indicators in acceptable ranges (chi-square/df = 3.08, df (480), p < 0.01, root mean square error of approximation = 0.059, comparative fit index = 0.915, Tucker and Lewis's index of fit = 0.907). Nine items were excluded on the basis of very low loadings and conceptual and empirical overlap with other items. The final 24-item, B-MSCS model was consistent with the original conceptual model and had a closer fit to the data (chi-square/df = 1.85, df (215), p < 0.01, root mean square error of approximation = 0.041, comparative fit index = 0.961, Tucker and Lewis's index of fit = 0.955). In addition, the reliability, construct, and concurrent validity of the MSCS and B-MSCS were in the acceptable and good ranges, respectively. Mean and standard deviation of the MSCS and B-MSCS scores were similar; B-MSCS mean scores well approximated the MSCS scores. Informal mindful self-care, in the process of everyday life, was practiced more regularly and associated with increased wellness and reduced burnout risk than formal mind-body practices.

Impact of mindful self-care and perceived stress on the health related quality of life among young-adult students in West Virginia

ABSTRACTThere are substantial gaps in research on Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) in students aged 18 and above in West Virginia. The purpose of this study is to explore the associations between mindful self-care, perceived stress, and the HRQoL in this population. We conducted a cross-sectional study between March and April 2017. We included participants who were students, aged 18 years and above, living in West Virginia and were able to answer online questions in English. Data was obtained from an online survey using a structured questionnaire, including the SF12v2®, mindful self-care scale- SHORT, and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)-10. We applied linear regressions to determine the predictors of HRQoL (physical health and mental health) using SF12v2®. 194 participants met the inclusion criteria of the study. Mindful self-care was negatively associated with perceived stress. Better mindful self-care mediated the relationship between perceived stress and psychological well-being, controlling for gender, age, race, marital status, education level, annual household income, and chronic disease status. Perceived stress and mindful self-care were not related to the physical well-being. Better mindful self-care may safeguard against perceived stress among students aged 18 years and above. Our findings in this study recommend more mindfulness-based interventions targeted to this subpopulation to improve psychological well-being.