Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory Research Articles

Social anxiety disorder among children and adolescents: A nationwide survey of prevalence, socio-demographic characteristics, risk factors and co-morbidities

BackgroundSocial anxiety disorder is a frequent psychiatric disorder. We aimed to estimate the life-time prevalence, socio-demographic characteristics, risk factors and co-morbidities of this condition among children and adolescents. MethodsThis was a cross sectional national survey conducted in Iranian individuals aged 6 to 18 years. Face-to-face household interviews were performed by trained clinical psychologists. The Farsi version of the kiddie schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school-age children/present and lifetime version (K-SADS-PL) was administered to estimate the SAD prevalence. Parental personality traits and their psychopathologies were also obtained using Millon clinical multiaxial inventory, third edition (MCMI-III) to find the possible risk factors. ResultsFrom 29,878 participants, 585 individuals were diagnosed with SAD and weighted lifetime prevalence of 1.8% was observed. The odds of this condition was significantly higher among older adolescents (odds ratio (OR):1.47; 95% confidence interval(CI): 1.11-1.95) and individuals with paternal history of psychiatric hospitalization (OR: 2.96; 95%CI: 1.29-6.79). Higher means of persistent depression disorder (OR: 1.009; 95%CI: 1.000-1.018) and melancholic personality trait (OR: 1.007; 95%CI: 1.001-1.014) in mothers as well as schizophrenia spectrum (OR: 1.014; 95%CI: 1.001-1.027) and anxiety (OR: 1.010; 95%CI: 1.010-1.021) in fathers were statistically associated with higher odds of SAD in their children. Other anxiety disorders and behavioral disorders were the most prevalent co-morbidities. LimitationsThe cross-sectional analysis does not enable analyses of possible causal associations. Lacking control group and follow-up periods were other major limitations that should be resolved in future studies. ConclusionClinicians and researchers need to continue studying this condition at all levels and in all developmental periods.

According, against, and above dietary norms: a key to understanding the relationship between personality style and taste preferences.

BackgroundUnderstanding individual food preferences is critical for creating tailored strategies that promote healthy individual eating behaviors. Individual sensory liking appears to be an essential determinant of dietary intake. Taste preferences influence satisfaction and satiety, and may consequently influence weight status and psychological adjustment. The purpose of this study was to identify the association between taste preferences (sweet, salty, sweet & fatty, salty & fatty) and personality features.MethodsThe Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI-III) was used for the assessment of personality traits and PrefQuest (PQ) was used for measuring recalled food preferences. A total of 137 participants were included in the study. The relationship between compulsive and antisocial features and taste preferences was assessed by hierarchical multiple linear regression, while controlling for age, gender, BMI, marital status, and educational level.ResultsThe antisocial personality traits were a negative explanatory variable for sweet & fatty taste preference, R2 = .15, t(132) = − 2.40, p = .018, 95% [−.57, −.06] and salty & fatty taste preference, R2 = .16, t(133) = − 2.38, p = .019, 95% [−.07, −.01], while controlling for anthropological factors. In addition, men showed a higher preference than women for sweet & fatty food, such as chocolate or desserts, rsp = .19, p = .021, and for the salty & fatty food, rsp = .30, p < .001. BMI was not found to moderate the relationship between personality and taste preference. No significant association was found between compulsive personality traits and food preference, as assessed by sensory liking.ConclusionsThe findings can bring a much better understanding of the relationship between the compulsive or antisocial personality and taste preferences. In addition, it may help build psychotherapeutic and nutritional strategies that promote healthy eating behaviors, tailored to a particular personality style.

Personalidad y androgenización perinatal en mujeres

Objetivo: indagar la influencia de la androgenización perinatal sobre la personalidad en 60 mujeres con edades entre 18 y 42 años de la Región de Cuyo, Argentina. La muestra fue intencional, no aleatoria. Instrumentos utilizados: test Millon Inventory of Personality Styles (MIPS); y la medida y relación de longitud de los dedos (RLD) 2D:4D de las manos. Se formaron dos grupos de comparación: G1 con valores de 2D:4D entre el mínimo (0,86) y el valor medio (0,995), y G2 con mediciones entre el valor medio y el valor máximo (1,13) de RLD de los dedos de la mano derecha. Resultados: Para G2, valores superiores de RLD, no se encontraron correlaciones. G1 presentó correlaciones negativa entre las escalas individualidad (p=–0,31; z=0,05) e intuición (p=-0,33; z=0,04*) con RLD. Conclusiones: se infirió que a menor valor 2D:4D, mayor androgenización perinatal, mayor valor de las escalas de individualidad e intuición de la personalidad.

Personality, Schizophrenia, and Violence: A Longitudinal Study: The Second Wave of the VIORMED Project.

This study investigated the association between maladaptive personality traits, personality disorders (PDs), schizophrenia, and the risk of aggressive behavior. Ninety-four patients with a history of violence and 92 patients with no history of violence underwent a multidimensional baseline assessment. Aggressive behavior was monitored during a 1-year follow-up through the Modified Overt Aggression Scale. The Violent group scored significantly higher than the Control group on the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI-III) Antisocial, Sadistic, Borderline, and Paranoid personality scales. Irrespective of any history of violence, patients with PD as a primary diagnosis displayed more aggressive behaviors than those with a primary diagnosis of schizophrenia during the follow-up. Furthermore, the most significant predictor of aggressive behaviors over time was endorsing a primary diagnosis of PD. Identifying the crucial risk factors for violent recidivism would contribute to reducing aggressive behavior in this population.

Personality and psychopathology in potential live kidney donors: A cluster analysis of personality features

BackgroundThe previous psychosocial evaluation of the potential living kidney donors (PLKD) requires a detailed understanding of the psychosocial benefits and the possible damages of the act of donation.ObjectiveThe aim was to create clusters by using the clinical patterns of personality and to evaluate their influence on psychopathological variables.MethodsObservational, analytical and cross-sectional study that included the PLKD from February 2009 to March 2017. The patients were referred to the Hospital Psychology Unit by the Transplant Coordination Unit. The total sample was composed of 100 participants. The socio-demographic characteristics, the relationship with the recipient and the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory were included.ResultsThe final sample was composed by 100 PLKD. The mean age of the participants was 45.70, and most were women (70%). The analysis showed a final result of 3 personality clusters that best represented the data, in agreement with the DSM-5 classification. The PLKD from cluster 3 obtained greater scores in all the clinical syndromes.ConclusionsThe personality evaluation of the PLKD could help with the planning of monitoring protocols of the participants who were classified to cluster 3, in order to improve their post-transplant psychosocial adjustment. This result makes us consider the usefulness of the psychosocial evaluation to preserve the psychological health of the PLKD.

Frustration Tolerance and Personality Traits in Patients With Substance Use Disorders.

Previous research has suggested the prevalence of certain personality traits, some of which are related to a disorganized attachment, in substance abuse disorders. Further, frustration tolerance (FT) has been proposed as an important factor in addiction, both at the inception—following the “self-medication” hypothesis—and regarding treatment compliance. In turn, an inadequate response to frustrating events has been also associated with a disrupted attachment. Our goal is to explore the mediational role of FT in the relationship between personality traits and two different treatments for substance addiction: therapeutic community (TC) and ambulatory treatment (AT). Eighty-four subjects with substance abuse disorder were recruited in total (22 female), including 46 volunteers (13 female) in TC and 38 (9 female) in AT. They were assessed with Rosenzweig’s test for FT and the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI-III) test to evaluate personality factors. By comparing with a control sample (335 volunteers, 268 female), we found that FT was lower in patients. Between therapeutic groups, FT was significantly lower in TC. Depressive, antisocial, sadistic, negativistic, schizotypal, borderline, paranoid, anxiety, dysthymia, alcohol use, drug use, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), thought disorder, and delusional disorder traits were suggestive of pathology in the clinical samples and were significantly different between control, AT, and TC groups. Further, anxiety and PTSD traits were higher in TC than in AT. A mediational analysis revealed that the effect of anxiety and PTSD scales on therapeutic group was partially mediated by FT. In conclusion, FT and its interplay with personality traits commonly related to disorganized attachment (anxiety and PTSD) might be important factors to consider within therapeutic programs for persons with substance addiction.

A multi-measure, multi-ethnic investigation of anxiety

The main purpose of the current research was to examine the cross-ethnic variability of various anxiety measurement frameworks, in an understudied East European culture. Three anxiety measures, the Anxiety scale from the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI; Millon et al. 2006, 2010), the Trait-Anxiety scale from the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI; Sharma et al. Personality and Individual Differences, 4, 117-120, 1983) and the Anxiety scale from the NEO Psychological Inventory, Revised (NEO-PI-R; Costa and McCrae Journal of Personality Disorders, 6, 343-359, 1992) were administered to various samples, totalizing 2800 participants. Data were collected with the Romanian-language forms of the three scales, from a multi-ethnic sample comprising participants of Romanian, Hungarian, Rroma, and “other” ethnic backgrounds. Results showed that different anxiety measurement frameworks did not exhibit differential functioning across the ethnicity-based samples. Results indicated that that different ethnic groups living in the same culture displayed non-trivial differences in mean level anxiety. The detected cross-cultural differences were consistent across the three measurement instruments, with the Rroma ethnic group scoring significantly lower on anxiety than all the other ethnic groups. The results have implications for the cross-cultural and cross-ethnic adaptation of anxiety measures, as well as for their usage for research and diagnostic purposes.

Mortality, cause of death and risk factors in patients with alcohol use disorder alone or poly-substance use disorders: a 19-year prospective cohort study

BackgroundThis study investigated cause of death, mortality rates and explored if baseline characteristics were associated with risk of death in patients with alcohol use disorder alone or poly-substance use disorders.MethodsThis was a prospective, longitudinal study of patients followed for 19 years after entering specialized treatment for substance use disorders. At baseline 291 patients (mean age 38.3 years, standard deviation 11.4 years, 72% male) with high psychiatric co-morbidity were recruited; 130 (45%) had lifetime alcohol use disorder alone, while 161 (55%) had poly-substance use disorders. Time and causes of death were gathered from the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry. Lifetime psychiatric symptom disorders and substance use disorders at baseline were measured with The Composite International Diagnostic Interview and personality disorders at baseline were measured with The Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory II.ResultsPatients with alcohol use disorder alone more often died from somatic diseases (58% versus 28%, p = 0.004) and more seldom from overdoses (9% versus 33%, p = 0.002) compared with patients with poly-substance use disorders. The crude mortality rate per 100 person year was 2.2 (95% confidence interval: 1.8–2.7), and the standardized mortality rate was 3.8 (95% confidence interval: 3.2–4.6) in the entire cohort during 19 years after entering treatment. Having lifetime affective disorder at baseline was associated with lower risk of death (Hazard Ratio 0.58, 95% confidence interval: 0.37–0.91). Older age was associated to increased risk of death among men (p < 0.001) and non-significantly among patients with poly-substance use (p = 0.057). The difference in association between age and risk of death was significantly different between men and women (p = 0.011) and patients with alcohol use disorder alone and poly-substance use disorders (p = 0.041).ConclusionsPatients with alcohol use disorder alone died more often from somatic disease than patients with poly-substance use disorders, and all subgroups of patients had an increased risk of death compared with the general population. Men with long-lasting substance use disorders are a priority group to approach with directed preventive measures for somatic health before they reach 50 years of age.

The Utility of the MCMI-III in Parental Competency Assessments

ABSTRACTChild welfare agencies and legal authorities have frequently turned to psychologists to conduct parental competency assessments (PCA) to inform decisions aimed to advocate the best interests of children and protect them from maltreatment. The Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory–Third Edition (MCMI-III) is an empirically supported measure that is commonly used in the context of these examinations. This study compared the MCMI-III performance of an American-based PCA sample with previously published studies in the civil parenting literature and further explored differences across gender groups. Results revealed subclinical elevations in the “normal quartet” that were generally consistent with child custody litigants (CCE) and non-American PCA examinees in previous studies. The PCA sample produced higher rates of psychiatric pathology as compared to the CCE sample and the clinical population more generally. American and non-American PCA examinees endorsed similar rates of pathology, though American PCA examinees produced significantly higher scores on Antisocial and Drug Dependence scales. Results are suggestive of demographic differences that may account for inconsistent findings across studies.

Personality and psychopathology as predictors of patient-initiated overuse in general practice

ObjectiveWe aimed to characterize, by means of the MCMI, the psychopathological profile of users above the 95th percentile in the distribution of patient-initiated, face-to-face consultations. Additionally, we sought to determine the specific contribution of the patterns assessed by the Millon inventory in differentiating between the groups above or below this cut-off point. MethodsA total of 16803 users who initiated at least one face-to-face consultation with a GP at any of 13 PHC practices over one year, were eligible. After discarding those meeting our exclusion criteria, 129 cases and 109 controls matched by gender and age completed the MCMI-III. ResultsThe profile of users above the 95th percentile showed elevated scores for compulsivity and narcissism, reflecting rigidity and perfectionism with anxious symptomatology but with no physical or psychosomatic complaints. Regarding differentiation between the two groups, the results showed elevated scores for dependency to increase the probability of belonging to the group above the 95th percentile; conversely, elevated scores for compulsivity appeared to be protective, decreasing the probability of belonging to this same group. Furthermore, elevated scores for anxiety and major depression also increased the probability of belonging to this group. The results for clinical syndromes present a profile of overusers reporting anxiety and somatic complaints associated with low self-esteem. ConclusionsExcessive patient-initiated consultations can be an easily detectable marker for underlying psychological problems. The results suggest that overusers of patient-initiated consultations above the 95th percentile show an MCMI profile associated with dependency, compulsivity, anxiety, and major depression.

Neuropsychological correlates of the bicycle drawing test

Objective: There is a need for psychological tools to assess cognitive functioning in illiterate or partly illiterate patients. Method: We examined neuropsychological correlates of scores on Luria&#39;s bicycle drawing test on a sample of 30 psychiatric patients (mean age =33.2, SD=15.3, 11 females, 19 males) referred for psychological testing. The test battery included the bicycle drawing test, the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory – III (MCMI3), Raven&#39;s Standard Progressive Matrices, WAIS Vocabulary Test, and Logical Memory subtests from Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised. We have developed our scoring system to separately rate 12 aspects of bicycle drawings, on a scale from 0 (= missing or unrecognizable) to 5 (= adequate, distinct): wheels, frame, handlebar, seat, pedals, chain, tires, brakes, fenders, bell, headlight, back reflector, and the connection of the wheel axis to the frame. A global rating of the distortion of the frame (from 0 = adequate to 25 = unrecognizable) was also included. Results: The bicycle test scores were not significantly correlated (p>.05, 1-tailed) with MCMI3 psychopathology, however, they correlated with nonverbal reasoning skills (correlations ranging from.57 to.74) and with measures of verbal skills (correlations ranging from.41 to.62 to scope of vocabulary). Conclusions: The correlational patterns support concurrent validity of our scoring system. The bicycle drawing test may be a useful screening procedure for cognitive impairment. As the digital display clocks enjoy an increasing popularity, the bicycle test may become a convenient substitute for the Draw a Clock Test in studies of dementia.

Morality and Psychopathology: Tendencies to Personality Disorders and Some Other Mental Disorders Among Individuals with High and Low Moral Identity

Background: According to the criteria of personality disorders, some disorders, especially the antisocial personality disorder, can be characterized by the hypo-morality and some disorders, especially the obsessive-compulsive personality disorder, can be characterized by the hyper-morality. It seems that both the hyper-morality and the hypo-morality have linkages to different aspects of psychopathology. Objectives: To better understand the issue, the current study aimed to compare individuals with high and low moral identity in the tendencies to all personality disorders and some other mental disorders. Methods: From a database that had been gathered from 212 undergraduate university students, 30 students that had the highest moral identity and 24 students that had the lowest moral identity were selected to complete Millon clinical multiaxial inventory-III. The data of the two groups were compared by the multiple analysis of variance statistical method. Results: The findings indicated that students with the highest moral identity had only higher tendency to the obsessive-compulsive personality disorder while students with the lowest moral identity had higher tendencies to the antisocial personality disorder, narcissistic personality disorders, and somatoform disorders. Nevertheless, in the tendencies to other disorders, a significant difference was not found. Conclusions: The findings indicated that both very low and very high moral identity might be related to some psychopathological traits. It is in coordination with the emphasis of some philosophers such as Aristotle on the importance of sobriety or the doctrine of the mean for constituting the virtues and the theories of some psychiatrists such as Freud about the role of inflammation of superego in shaping some neurotic reactions. There may be some implications for preventing from both wastage and extremism in educating the moral identity.

Personality Traits in Patients with Panic Disorder According to the Presence of Agoraphobia

Background: Personality characteristics, health status, clinical course and prognosis of patients with panic disorder affect pharmacological and psychological treatment of these patients. The purpose of this study was to study personality patterns of patients with panic disorder (PD) by grouping them according to an important condition, that is, agoraphobia. Objectives: As little data exists in the filed of personality profiles and it's potential impact on the course of panic disorder, we conducted the study in an Iranian population in Tabriz city during 2015 - 2016. Methods: A total of 120 patients with panic disorder were selected and evaluated using psychiatric interviews, as well as NEO Five-Factor Inventory and Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI). Results: From 96 patients who completed the study, 10.42% were diagnosed to have panic disorder with agoraphobia. The mean age of the patients was 35.12 ± 9.50 years old. The most common comorbid psychiatric condition was major depressive disorder in both groups of with and without agoraphobia. None of the patients exceeded from the cutoff point described for MCMI. Patients with agoraphobia scored higher in borderline personality, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress scales. Patients without agoraphobia had higher scores for narcissistic personality. There was no significant difference in scores of NEO-FFI with regard to the presence of agoraphobia, and all the patients scored high in agreeableness and conscientiousness. Conclusions: Despite comparable scores of NEO between PD patients with and without agoraphobia, they scored significantly different in MCMI for borderline and narcissistic personalities, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder.

Psychometric properties of the Italian version of the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI).

The Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) has been translated into different languages (e.g., Spanish, German, and Greek) and several authors investigated psychometric properties, internal structure, and the convergent validity of translated versions of the PAI. Recently, an Italian version of the test has been published, but its psychometric properties has never been explored. The aims of the present study were: (a) to examine the hypothesized subscale structure of scales that have subscales, (b) to evaluate the internal structure of the 22 PAI full scales, and (c) to report on the convergent validity of the PAI scales with the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI-III) scales. The sample consisted of 1,538 participants recruited from all over Italy. Our findings provided support to the cross-cultural applicability of the PAI and contributed to enhance confidence in the validity and utility of the PAI. (PsycINFO Database Record

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Neurofeedback: Reducing Anxiety Symptoms

Objectives: The current study aimed at investigating the effect of neurofeedback (NF) therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) on reduction of anxiety symptoms in females with social anxiety disorders. Methods: The current pseudo-experimental study with pretest-posttest design and a control group was conducted on a population of patients with social anxiety disorder referring to a psychology clinic in Kurdistan Province, Iran. The sample size comprised of 30 females selected by random sampling method and assigned to groups of NF and CBT. Data elicited from the Libowitz social anxiety questionnaire to detect the subjects with social anxiety and the Millon clinical multiaxial inventory (MCMI III) in order to exclude subjects with personality disorder. Data were analyzed with SPSS. Covariance analysis test and dependent t test were performed on CBT and NF groups. Results: The current study findings showed that both CBT and NF groups were impressive in reducing the level of social anxiety in the study subjects. Also, based on the results of the current study the therapy methods had no significant differences between the two groups. Conclusions: Both treatments were significantly effective, and therefore both NF and CBT can be applied as choice therapies to treat social anxiety.

MCMI-III Personality Disorders, Traits, and Profiles in Adult ADHD Outpatients

Objective: To assess prevalence of personality traits and disorders according to Millon’s evolution-based model and to identify the most representative personality profiles among adult ADHD outpatients. Method: Personality traits and disorders were evaluated using the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory–III (MCMI-III) and an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) in a consecutive sample of adult ADHD outpatients (N = 70) diagnosed by the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale–version 1.1 (ASRS-v1.1) and the Diagnostic Interview for ADHD in Adults (DIVA 2.0). Results: More than half of our sample (57.1%) showed at least one personality disorder (PD). The most prevalent PDs were paranoid, schizotypal and negativistic (18.6% for all three PDs), depressive (17.1%), and sadistic (11.4%). No patient had a borderline PD. The EFA identified three personality profiles (“sadistic-antisocial-negativistic,” “masochistic-depressive-dependent-avoidant,” and “antihistrionic-schizoid”). Conclusion: High prevalence of PDs among adult ADHD patients was confirmed. The personality profiles seemed to reflect the persistence of ADHD and related childhood comorbidities in adulthood.

T93. PERSONALITY TRAITS AND PSYCHOTIC SYMPTOMS IN RECENT ONSET OF PSYCHOSIS PATIENTS

BackgroundPersonality in patients with psychosis, and particularly its relation to psychotic symptoms in recent onset of psychosis (ROP) patients, is understudied. The aims of this research were, first, to study the relation between each clinically significant personality trait (CSPT) and psychotic symptoms, and second, to study the variance of each CSPT that was explained by psychotic symptoms, sex and age.MethodsSample: Data was obtained from 94 ROP patients (78.7% males; mean age: 24.67(4.59)). Measures: The Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI) and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale were used to assess CSPT (schizoid, avoidant, dependent, depressive, histrionic, narcissistic, antisocial, sadistic, compulsive, negativistic, masochistic, schizotypal, borderline, paranoid) and psychotic symptoms (positive, negative, disorganized, exited, and anxiety and depression). Statistical analyses: U Mann–Whitney tests and multivariate logistic regressions were carried out to test the association between clinical personality traits adjusting for symptoms, sex and age.ResultsFrom the 94 patients, 13.9% had schizoid, 20.8% had avoidant, 7.9% had depressive, 7.9% had dependent, 5% histrionic, 15.8% narcissistic, 9.9% antisocial, 6.9 % sadistic, 14.9% compulsive, 1% negativistic, 0% masochistic, 2% schizotypal, 2% borderline, 5% paranoid CSPT. Negative psychotic symptoms were higher in patients with schizoid CSPT. The excited symptoms were lower for those with avoidant and depressive CSPT. The anxiety and depression symptoms were higher for patients with dependent CSPT. The positive psychotic symptoms were lower for patients with histrionic and higher for patients with compulsive CSPT. Logistic regression demonstrated that gender and positive and negative symptoms explained 35.9% of the variance of the schizoid CSPT. Excited symptoms explained 9.1% of the variance of the avoidant CSPT. Anxiety and depression symptoms and age explained 31.3% of the dependent CSPT. Gender explained 11.6% of the histrionic CSPT, 14.5% of the narcissistic CSPT and 11.6% of the paranoid CSPT. Finally, gender and positive dimension explained 16.1% of the compulsive CSPT.DiscussionThe study highlights the importance of studying personality in patients with psychosis as it broadens understating of the patients themselves and the symptoms suffered.

Personality profiles and clinical syndromes of patients withtonic-clonic seizures

Introduction: Epilepsy is one of the chronic neurological disorders with an incidence rate of 3% in the normal population. Epilepsy may render behavioral changes so that affected people are prone to prolonged interpersonal difficulties. In order to evaluate co-morbidities and potential personality changes, the study was conducted among the patients with epilepsy in an Iranian population. Methods: The study was a cross-sectional one with a convenience sampling method. The data of 74 patients with epilepsy and 74 non-epileptic patients were collected by clinical interview and Millon clinical multiaxial inventory (MCMI-III) and were analyzed by SPSS software. Results: The average age was 31.70. The highest scores gained in epileptic patients were in narcissistic 14.04 (4.53%), obsessive 14.26 (4.30%), and negativistic domains 14.15 (5.24%), while histrionic 76.38 (28.54%) and obsessive 61.74 (24.03%) patterns were obtained in non-epilepticpeople. There were significant differences between the two groups in all areas except for the debasement index (Z score) and the negativistic personality disorder. There was a significant positive correlation between narcissistic and obsessive personality patterns and post-traumatic stress disorder with education, as well as between sex and drug dependency. Economic and marital status showed correlations with schizoid personality and sadistic personality, respectively. Conclusion: Patients with tonic-clonic seizures have although difficulties in personality (negativistic) and clinical syndrome areas but the results showed lower scores in subscales except for disclosure (X index) compared with non-epileptic individuals. They are more inclined to disclose the problems with worse mental health conditions than non-epileptic people.

Correlates of a general psychopathology factor in a clinical sample of childhood sexual abuse survivors

BackgroundChildhood sexual abuse (CSA) increases risk for most psychiatric disorders. There is evidence that the structure of psychopathology can be explained by a number of latent dimensions of psychopathology including a ‘General Psychopathology’ (P) factor. The objective of the current study was to provide the first assessment as to whether P is identifiable, and what its correlates might be in a clinical sample. MethodsAn adult, clinical sample of Danish CSA survivors (N = 420) was assessed using the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III. Confirmatory factory analysis (CFA) was used to assess the latent structure of nine psychiatric disorders, and structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to determine correlates of the best-fitting dimensional model. ResultsCFA results favoured a bifactor model including three specific dimensions of psychopathology, “Internalizing”, “Externalizing”, and “Thought Disorder”, and a bi-factor “P”. A SEM model that included ten predictors was a good fit to the data and explained 55% of variance in ‘P’. The ‘P’ factor was significantly associated with emotional coping, negative self-worth, traumatic life events, and anxious attachments. LimitationsPsychiatric disorders were assessed using self-report measures, and the sample was predominately female. ConclusionsResults provide initial evidence of P in a clinical sample and several unique correlates of this factor were identified.

La Personalidad en Población Carcelaria: un Estudio Comparativo en Ecuador

This paper aims to describe the personality in prison population and compare them with a sample from the general population in Ecuador. With this aim, the following instruments were administered in an individual session: the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI-III), the Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS-11), and the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ). The results showed that there are significant differences between jail inmates and the general population in all measures. Antisocial and paranoid personality characteristics were the most prevalent in jail inmates; in addition, they presented higher levels of aggression and impulsivity. Regarding the presence of psychopathology, the higher prevalence of anxiety, delusions, and dependence on substances and alcohol should be underlined.