Millions Of Websites Research Articles

Algorithm for Web Server Security

The Web application layer is the number one target for malicious online attacks. Millions of Web sites regulate access to highly sensitive information including social security numbers, credit card numbers, names, addresses, birthdates, intellectual property, financial records, trade secrets, medical data, and more. These data must be rigorously protected from intruders. To reduce the risk of losses, brand damage, theft of intellectual property, legal liability, and fines, enterprises need timely information about how Web sites are penetrated and how they can be defended. This article presents an algorithm to generate the security report. The proposed algorithm uses the experimental data of 69 different Indian research/educational Web sites and the generated security report took place after checking all the possible prospective of obtained experimental attributes dataset. This article also presents the changes in the security settings of the Indian Web sites within 3 years, on the bases of open port’s study of 3 years experimental result. Based on port scanning, preventive security measures can be taken by organizations as a policy matter.

Web Service Architecture for a Meta Search Engine

With the rapid advancements in Information Technology, Information Retrieval on Internet is gaining its importance day by day. Nowadays there are millions of Websites and billions of homepages available on the Internet. Search Engines are the essential tools for the purpose of retrieving the required information from the Web. But the existing search engines have many problems such as not having wide scope, imbalance in accessing the sites etc. So, the effectiveness of a search engine plays a vital role. Meta search engines are such systems that can provide effective information by accessing multiple existing search engines such as Dog Pile, Meta Crawler etc, but most of them cannot successfully operate on heterogeneous and fully dynamic web environment. In this paper we propose a Web Service Architecture for Meta Search Engine to cater the need of heterogeneous and dynamic web environment. The objective of our proposal is to exploit most of the features offered by Web Services through the implementation of a Web Service Meta Search Engine .

Using Web-Referral Architectures to Mitigate Denial-of-Service Threats

The web is a complicated graph, with millions of websites interlinked together. In this paper, we propose to use this web sitegraph structure to mitigate flooding attacks on a website, using a new web referral architecture for privileged service (“WRAPS”). WRAPS allows a legitimate client to obtain a privilege URL through a simple click on a referral hyperlink, from a website trusted by the target website. Using that URL, the client can get privileged access to the target website in a manner that is far less vulnerable to a distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) flooding attack than normal access would be. WRAPS does not require changes to web client software and is extremely lightweight for referrer websites, which makes its deployment easy. The massive scale of the web sitegraph could deter attempts to isolate a website through blocking all referrers. We present the design of WRAPS, and the implementation of a prototype system used to evaluate our proposal. Our empirical study demonstrates that WRAPS enables legitimate clients to connect to a website smoothly in spite of a very intensive flooding attack, at the cost of small overheads on the website's ISP's edge routers. We discuss the security properties of WRAPS and a simple approach to encourage many small websites to help protect an important site during DoS attacks.

On the challenges of implementing Library 2.0 services: A (diverse) panel discussion

AbstractToday, many libraries are at a crossroads: several of the services they have traditionally provided within their walls are increasingly made available online, often by non‐library, commercial entities. For example, Web search engines provide easy access to millions of Websites, online databases provide convenient gateways to news and scholarship, and book‐scanning projects make roaming the shelves seem antiquated. Meanwhile, the traditional authority and expertise enjoyed by librarians has been challenged by the emergence of peer‐produced and collaborative knowledge projects, such as Wikipedia, Yahoo! Answers, or Amazon's personalized book recommendation system. Further, the professional, education, and social spheres of our lives are increasingly merging, marked by the rise of social networking services providing new interfaces for interacting with friends, the sharing of information, and professional collaboration.Libraries face a key question in this new environment: what is the role of the library in providing access to knowledge in today's digitally networked world? One answer has been to actively incorporate features of the online – “Web 2.0” – world into library services, thereby creating “Library 2.0.”Library 2.0 means bringing interactive, collaborative, user‐centered, and web‐based technologies to library services and collections. Launching such Library 2.0 features, however, often brings unique challenges to librarians, administrators, and patrons alike. These include: technological constraints, issues of accessibility and diversity, staffing and cost, IP/copyright concerns, privacy and data retention policies, and the overall impact on the nature and culture of the library itself.By bringing together a diverse collection of information professionals tasked with delivering Library 2.0 services, this panel discussion will outline many of the challenges of implementing Library 2.0, as well as illuminate some solutions and directions for the future. The goal of the panel is to help other information professionals navigate this uncharted terrain to foster the creation of innovative Library 2.0 services for their patrons, and reveal areas that require further attention by the profession and academia alike. This will be accomplished through guided conversation and sharing of ideas, not the traditional presentation of papers.

How bad is it?

IT security architects have great faith in their security products. Some new research from Google gives architects, and end users, something to worry about. Recently, Google researchers examined millions of web sites in an effort to determine the number of sites attempting drive-by attacks against users. Drive-by attacks can be particularly dangerous because they are designed to evade detection and strike users when they least expect it; when they're surfing the web. Unsurprisingly, Google found a large number of malicious sites are working every day to compromise users' data. What's even worse, however, is that their research paints a bleak picture of the overall state of IT security. Security products are a commodity. The use of products such as firewalls, anti-virus systems, web filters, and IDS are well understood and documented. The purchasing of security products in well integrated into the IT spending of most organisations, complete with technology refresh cycles and very competitive procurement processes. The whole process can make an enterprise feel relatively secure based on the sheer volume of time invested and dollars spent.

WiLSoN: The Wirelessly Linked Seismological Network and Its Application in the Middle American Subduction Experiment

The state of the art in temporary seismology installations for years has been stand-alone sites. In such an installation, sites are typically visited once a month to collect data and check station health. The benefit is that stand-alone stations are very quick to permit and install, and sites are not limited by local infrastructure ( i.e. , telephone or Internet) to collect data. Moreover, the technology for such installations is well-tested and mature. The downside is that the state of health of the system is unknown between data collection intervals, and when an interesting earthquake occurs researchers must wait for the data. In places where the local networks are sparse, the time to acquire data from temporary networks can be of great importance to the local population. The technology to transport and share large amounts of data rapidly has increased dramatically over the past 10 years with the development of the Internet. Tools and protocols have been developed to link millions of users to millions of Web sites and data repositories. The Center for Embedded Networked Sensing (CENS) developed the Wirelessly Linked Seismological Network (WiLSoN) to extend the Internet into a seismological network. The seismology community already has deployed radios in both temporary ( e.g. , Werner-Allen et al. 2006) and permanent seismic networks ( e.g. , the High Performance Wireless Research and Education Network, the Southern California Seismic Network, USArray, the U.S. National Seismic Network, the Mexican Servicio Sismologico Nacional, and the Global Seismic Network) in the past. The goal of extending the Internet into a seismological network is to be able to dramatically increase scalability, to improve monitoring of the state of the network, and to improve ease of deployment. A freshly deployed seismic station within WiLSoN is able to join the network much like a laptop in a coffee shop. …

RSS Feeds: Sweating the Really Simple Stuff

In this day of millions of websites, thousands of publications, and hundreds of e-mails in your inbox each day, how do you keep up? The days are over when you can casually browse a few websites each day looking for the best articles and information. There are too many good sources of information now and it’s near impossible to check them all each day. So what is a researcher, scientist, or just plain interested party to do? RSS to the rescue! What is RSS? There are a few accepted acronyms of the term, but the one most commonly used is Really Simple Syndication. RSS is a way for you to keep up with dozens or even hundreds of newspapers, blogs, databases, catalogs, and other content without having to visit numerous websites every day. RSS is a mix between your local newspaper, a web portal like My Yahoo, and Reader’s Digest, except you choose all of the content yourself. RSS allows you to create your own newspaper of sorts from a conglomeration of whatever sources you like. You’re not just restricted to using Reuters and the Associated Press. Most websites have what are called RSS feeds nowadays: large newspapers like the Washington Post, Chicago Tribune and New York Times; small news organizations like my local Falls Church News Press; job sites like Monster and Career Builder; classified ads sites like Craigslist; just about every web log, or “blog;” even government sites like USA.gov and Whitehouse.gov; and, most importantly to Web Watch readers, many online journals and scientific websites have RSS feeds. So why is this useful? Imagine this: Instead of browsing to your dozens of bookmarked websites each day to see if there is a new article or tidbit of information to read, or constantly searching for content via your favorite search engine like Google, you will be told when and only when new content is available. Your RSS reader (also known as a feed reader or aggregator) will check the subscriptions that you have chosen a few times a day to see if there is new content. If there is, the RSS reader will download the full content or a summary along with a link to the original article or web page. How does it work? RSS, along with something called Atom, is a standard specification that uses XML (eXtensi-

Google Scholar: Potentially Good for Users of Academic Information

Use of the Google search engine is commonplace amongst all sectors of the academic community. The development of the specialist Google Scholar search service will benefit the academic community in bringing to their attention content more relevant to their needs. The vast number of Web sites containing potentially relevant information requires a search engine ranging over many millions of Web sites but with the ability to target very specific types of information. The Google Scholar service has the potential to grow if it develops close contacts with both providers and users of academic information. Use of Google Scholar will benefit the authors and managers of open access content, but there are opportunities for all types of academic content providers in the way Google Scholar is set up. Google Scholar will face competition and have to keep pace with user expectations and technological developments.

Trade-offs in Online Purchase Decisions:: Two Empirical Studies in Europe

The Internet offers firms a new way to market their products and services and to interact with their end-consumers. While many firms have developed websites, very little is known about the trade-offs consumers are willing to make when making online purchases. With millions of websites competing for attention, online firms need to know in what way consumers make purchase decisions online. Consumers mainly evaluate websites on the basis of choice and convenience. In this paper, we present the results of two European studies that examine what consumers actually value in an online environment. In study 1, we assess choice-related trade-offs in terms of number of product categories, variety of products within a given category and product-related information. Conjoint analysis revealed that product-related information represents an important decision-making variable. In study 2, we assess convenience-related trade-offs in terms of logistics, fulfilment and security. Conjoint analysis revealed that fulfilment is the most important variable related to online handling. Finally, our study clearly indicates that firms have to distinguish different consumer segments on the basis of their preferences. This knowledge enables online firms to use their resources more effectively.

Advances in diabetes management

IT IS WELL established that diabetes is a primary cause for the development of kidney disease accounting for 40% of all new cases. In 1997, there was an estimated 16 million people with diabetes (approximately 5 million undiagnosed) with an expected increase of 165% by the year 2050. Diabetes management and control of underlying complications should be an ongoing priority. However, keeping abreast of new approaches, medications, monitors, lancets, and syringes can be challenging. There are millions of Web sites, articles, and resources available, but between journals and diabetes, who has time to read everything? Included in this Product Update is a overview on the most recent advances and resources available in diabetic care.

Constructing dependable Web services

The majority of today's millions of Web sites offer read-only access to relatively small amounts of infrequently changing information. The load on these sites is usually small, and services can often be hosted as background tasks on general-purpose workstations. Concern for the quality of service (QoS) presented to users at these sites is generally not primary. Conversely, a much smaller number of sites are very popular; they support heavy loads and must meet user expectations regarding QoS to maintain their popularity. We discuss issues involved in supporting high-volume, high-reliability Web services. We begin by surveying the diverse technical challenges and constraints posed in this environment, followed by currently used hardware and network based approaches to meeting the scalability requirements and software-implemented techniques to addressing fault tolerance. However, these approaches do not scale well, so we discuss possible alternatives.