Miller Model Research Articles

A Brief Period of Postnatal Visual Deprivation Alters the Balance between Auditory and Visual Attention

Is a short and transient period of visual deprivation early in life sufficient to induce lifelong changes inhow we attend to, and integrate, simple visual and auditory information [1, 2]? This question is of crucial importance given the recent demonstration in both animals and humans that a period of blindness early in life permanently affects the brain networks dedicated to visual, auditory, and multisensory processing [1-16]. To address this issue, we compared a group of adults who had been treated for congenital bilateral cataracts during early infancy with a group of normally sighted controls on a task requiring simple detection of lateralized visual and auditory targets, presented alone or in combination. Redundancy gains obtained from the audiovisual conditions were similar between groups and surpassed the reaction time distribution predicted by Miller's race model. However, in comparison to controls, cataract-reversal patients were faster at processing simple auditory targets and showed differences in how they shifted attention across modalities. Specifically, they were faster at switching attention from visual to auditory inputs than in the reverse situation, while an opposite pattern was observed for controls. Overall, these results reveal that the absence of visual inputduring the first months of life does not prevent the development of audiovisual integration but enhances the salience of simple auditory inputs, leading to a different crossmodal distribution of attentional resources between auditory and visual stimuli.

Effect of Fatigue Damage Parameter on the Cumulative Life of a Turbine Rotor Under Multiaxial Loading

The effect of the fatigue damage parameter on the cumulative life of a high-speed turbine rotor has been estimated through finite element approach. Two most commonly used multiaxial fatigue damage models based on critical plane approach-Fatemi Socie (FS) model, and Kandil Brown and Miller model (KBM) have been used to estimate the fatigue life. Structural integrity test was carried out in spin test facility to validate the simulation results. KBM model for fatigue life estimation and LMP model for creep damage predicted a cumulative life within a factor of 1.5 scatter band of the experimental value. The combination of FS model for fatigue life estimation and LMP model could predict cumulative life only within a scatter band of 2. Some of the shortcomings attributed to LDS method can be obviated using a suitable fatigue damage parameter. The study provides invaluable input and confidence for the life prediction of high-speed gas turbine rotors.

Risk Class Completion of the Modigliani and Miller Model A New Framework for Discounted Cash Flow

In this paper Modigliani and Miller’s risk class including only one type of firm to date, namely a non-net investing firm, is supplemented by a second type of firm, namely a net investing firm. One main result of the paper is the derivation of the Gordon and Shapiro growth formula within the uncertainty framework of Modigliani and Miller (1958, 1963). The discounting procedure leading to the growth formula is non-trivial. Since innumerable investment policies are conceivable besides the Gordon and Shapiro policy, this paper is only to by regarded as a first step towards (risk class) completion of the original Modigliani and Miller model. By doing so, the model becomes a challenger of current DCF theory.

Remote monitoring of sediment dynamics in a coastal lagoon: Long-term spatio-temporal variability of suspended sediment in Chilika

We present a comprehensive analysis of sediment dynamics in a coastal lagoon by synthesizing various remote sensing datasets. The goal of the study was to monitor and analyze the spatio-temporal variability of total suspended sediment (TSS) concentration and associated environmental forcings in Chilika Lagoon, the largest brackish water lagoon in Asia. Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) surface reflectance cloud free data was used to calibrate a TSS model. MODIS daily 250 m surface reflectance (MOD09GQ) and 8-day composite products (MOD09Q1) were chosen because they are atmospherically corrected and available for free thus making them widely applicable for frequent monitoring of environmental phenomena. Three variants of Miller and McKee (2004) TSS model were recalibrated to establish the relationship between in situ TSS and surface reflectance value in band 1 (Rrs at 645 nm). A significant relationship (R2 = 0.91; n = 54; p < 0.001) was obtained between in situ TSS and MODIS Rrs (645 nm) using a polynomial model. The other two models, exponential and linear, showed comparatively low R2 (0.77 and 0.73 respectively). Accuracy of the models were assessed by comparing the field measured TSS with MODIS derived TSS. Based on R2 values, validation analysis (RMSE = 2.64 mg/L), and residual trend, the polynomial model was found to be the best performing TSS model with an estimation range of 6.5 mg/L – 200 mg/L. The model was then implemented to derive weekly time-series TSS maps of Chilika Lagoon for 14 years (2001–2014). Marked seasonal and inter-annual variations in TSS distribution were observed in different sectors (northern, central and southern) of the lagoon. It was found that the TSS variability is primarily driven by three factors: monsoon effect (precipitation and runoff), wind-driven bottom re-suspension, and river discharge into the lagoon. Further analysis of the relationship between MODIS derived time-series TSS and meteorological parameters revealed that the variability of TSS in the northern sector is highly correlated with precipitation and runoff, whereas, TSS dynamics in southern sector is mainly governed by wind induced re-suspension events. The applicability of the TSS model was demonstrated by analyzing the impact of a recent category-5 cyclone, Phailin, which showed a significant increase in TSS concentration in the lagoon. This is the first of its kind study to comprehensively examine the long term TSS dynamics of Chilika, moreover, the model developed in this research was implemented in various coastal lagoons and estuaries around the world and was proven effective in quantifying TSS.

Radiometric Stability Monitoring of the Suomi NPP Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Reflective Solar Bands Using the Moon

The Suomi NPP (S-NPP) Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) performs the scheduled lunar roll maneuver on a monthly basis. The lunar calibration coefficients and lunar F-factor are calculated by taking the ratio of the lunar observed radiance to the simulated radiance from the Miller and Turner (MT) lunar model. The lunar F-factor is also validated against that derived from the VIIRS Solar Diffuser (SD). The MT model-based lunar F-factors in general agree with SD F-factors. The Lunar Band Ratio (LBR) is also derived from two channel lunar radiances and is implemented in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Integrated Calibration and Validation System (ICVS) to monitor the VIIRS long-term radiometric performance. The lunar radiances at pixels are summed for each of the VIIRS Reflective Solar Bands (RSBs) and normalized by the reference band M11 which has the most stable SD-based calibration coefficient. LBRs agree with the SD based F-factor ratios within one percent. Based on analysis with these two independent lunar calibration methods, SD-based and LBR-based calibrations show a lifetime consistency. Thus, it is recommended that LBR be used for both VIIRS radiometric calibration and lifetime stability monitoring.

Proposal for a Modified Dreyfus and Miller Model with simplified competency level descriptions for performing self-rated surveys.

In competency-based education, it is important to frequently evaluate the degree of competency achieved by establishing and specifying competency levels. To self-appraise one’s own competency level, one needs a simple, clear, and accurate description for each competency level. This study aimed at developing competency stages that can be used in surveys and conceptualizing clear and precise competency level descriptions. In this paper, the author intends to conceptualize a simple competency level description through a literature review. The author modified the most widely quoted competency level models—Dreyfus’ Five-stage Model and Miller’s Pyramid—and classified competency levels into the following: The Modified Dreyfus Model comprises absolute beginner, beginner, advanced beginner, competent, proficient, and expert, while the Modified Miller Model uses the levels of knows little, knows and knows how, exercised does, selected does, experienced does, and intuitive does. The author also provided a simple and clear description of competency levels. The precise description of competency levels developed in this study is expected to be useful in determining one’s competency level in surveys.

Influence of the additives of low-molecular alcohols on the adsorption of mixtures of tween and sodium dodecyl sulfate at the liquid–gas interface

The influence of nonelectrolyte additives (low-molecular alcohols) on the surface tension of individual and mixed solutions of nonionic and anionic surfactants at the air interface and on the patterns of their flotation extraction is investigated. The alcohol additives are found to reduce the surface tension of both individual and mixed surfactant solutions. Additive Fainerman–Miller model is shown to be used to predict the equilibrium surface tension of the surfactant solutions with alcohols.

Lifecycle of Enterprises and its Dynamics: Using Fractal Analogy Model in Empirical Study of Czech and Slovak Enterprises

The paper deals with the problematic of general enterprises’ lifecycle based on size (number of employees) as a parameter of growth and success. Author works with Miller and Friesen lifecycle model (Miller and Friesen, 1984) and expects occurrence of similar pattern in large scale sample composed from 677 randomly chosen companies of different type. This so cold “fractal analogy” will help to describe model lifecycle of general successful company in the terms of most significant time dependent phenomena observed on researched sample of Czech and Slovak enterprises. Except of mentioned model lifecycle characterization, which can be considered as main objective of the paper, there were three supplementary hypotheses tested. Questionnaire research as background of presented data was performed on Silesian University, School of Business Administration in Karvina, Czech Republic with the help of attendant bachelor's degree students. Presented paper includes brief literature review as well as most important research findings accompanied with commented charts, tables and discussion.

Simulation as a high stakes assessment tool in emergency medicine.

The Australasian College for Emergency Medicine (ACEM) will introduce high stakes simulation-based summative assessment in the form of Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCEs) into the Fellowship Examination from 2015. Miller's model emphasises that, no matter how realistic the simulation, it is still a simulation and examinees do not necessarily behave as in real life. OSCEs are suitable for assessing the CanMEDS domains of Medical Expert, Communicator, Collaborator and Manager. However, the need to validate the OSCE is emphasised by conflicting evidence on correlation with long-term faculty assessments, between essential actions checklists and global assessment scores and variable interrater reliability within individual OSCE stations and for crisis resource management skills. Although OSCEs can be a valid, reliable and acceptable assessment tool, the onus is on the examining body to ensure construct validity and high interrater reliability.

Miller's Model for Developing Critical Thinking Skill of Pre-Service Teachers at Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University

Miller's Model for Developing Critical Thinking Skill of Pre-Service Teachers at Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University

The Attitudes of Pre-Service Teachers towards Analytical Thinking Skill Development Based On Miller's Model

The Attitudes of Pre-Service Teachers towards Analytical Thinking Skill Development Based On Miller's Model

David Miller's theory of redress and the complexity of colonial injustice

David Miller has provided one of the most fully-fledged and sophisticated theories of redress for historical injustice. In this paper we analyse his view and we demonstrate how his account of redress reveals some difficulties when it comes to offering redress for past injustices that are characterised by complex and interrelated structures, such as colonialism. This is because Miller would repair the colonial injustice through a ‘correspondence model of redress’, according to which redress should be obtained by identifying the type of reparations that corresponds to the nature of the past injustice at stake. By focusing on the case of colonial injustice, we show how a correspondence model of redress, like the one developed by Miller, is not fully equipped to theorise what redress for colonialism should amount to. The aim of the paper is not to prove Miller's theory true or false, but rather to point at some of the shortcomings that its application to real cases of historical injustice would run into. Despite its sophistication, Miller's theory does not acknowledge with sufficient depth the complexity of colonial injustice and its implications for thinking about redress. Such a complexity not only makes redress more difficult to be achieved through Miller's correspondence model but also it brings to the forefront concerns about the process whereby redress is reached.

Understanding the process of motivational interviewing: A review of the relational and technical hypotheses

Objective: The current study systematically reviews evidence for a causal chain model suggested by Miller and Rose to account for the efficacy of Motivational Interviewing (MI). Method: Literature searches were conducted to identify studies delivering MI in an individual format to treat various problem areas. Results: Thirty-seven studies met inclusion criteria. The results suggest that when clinicians utilise MI consistent behaviours, clients are more likely to express language in favour of change. Furthermore, this client language was consistently related to positive client outcome across studies. Conclusions: While the results support some parts of the Miller and Rose model, additional research is needed to confirm the findings in diverse populations. Understanding the mechanisms of MI's effectiveness may maximise the implementation of MI, potentially contributing to better client outcomes.

Fundamental models in financial theory

This book provides an innovative, integrated, and methodical approach to understanding complex financial models, integrating topics usually presented separately into a comprehensive whole. The book brings together financial models and high-level mathematics, reviewing the mathematical background necessary for understanding these models organically and in context. It begins with underlying assumptions and progresses logically through increasingly complex models to operative conclusions. Readers who have mastered the material will gain the tools needed to put theory into practice and incorporate financial models into real-life investment, financial, and business scenarios. Modern finance's most bothersome shortcoming is that the two basic models for building an optimal investment portfolio, Markowitz's mean-variance model and Sharpe and Treynor's Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), fall short when we try to apply them using Excel Solver. This book explores these two models in detail, and for the first time in a textbook the Black-Litterman model for building an optimal portfolio constructed from a small number of assets (developed at Goldman Sachs) is thoroughly presented. The model's integration of personal views and its application using Excel templates are demonstrated. The book also offers innovative presentations of the Modigliani--Miller model and the Consumption-Based Capital Asset Pricing Model (CCAPM). Problems at the end of each chapter invite the reader to put the models into immediate use. Fundamental Models in Financial Theory is suitable for classroom use or as a reference for finance practitioners.

The Empirical Relationship between Dividend and Investment

The article studies the determinants of two important decisions for the Indian firms—dividend and investment. In contrast to the Miller and Modigliani (1961) model, in which dividend decision is separable from its investment decision, the article finds evidence to support the argument that Indian firms adjust their dividends to accommodate investment, as proffered by Myers’ pecking order model (1984). Interestingly, the article also finds evidence in favour of the proposition that firms adjust their investment decision to accommodate dividends as well. Further, as observed in the literature, the results presented in the article are also consistent with the Lintner (1956) model which predicts that dividends move consistently towards target payouts. However, in contrast to Lintner’s single factor (i.e., earnings) target payout model, we find evidence in favour of multiple factors, such as, agency conflict, asymmetry of information and growth factors, to influence the optimal dividend decision.

Doctors' Professional Competence and Qualification Examination System

Taking paradigm shift in modern medicine as background, and based on McClelland's occupation competency theory and international standards for medical education, this paper analyses the composition of doctors' professional competence. It also summarizes the standards for doctors' professional competence assessment methods based on Miller's Pyramid model. The paper also makes a comparison between Chinese and American's Medical Licensing Examination System from the perspectives of examination qualification, examination pattern, exam type, exam content, test methods. The paper, from three dimensions, which are validity, reliability, and the guiding role, assesses Chinese medical qualification examination. This paper argues that, from the content of the examination, the current medical qualification exam has the following problems: the content of how to be healthy are not rich; humanities, social and managing knowledge are not abundant; the lack in information access, management and analysis capacities. Regarding test method, the practical skills test reliability in Chinese Medical Licensing Examination is not enough, which requires the establishment of a sound basis for a variety of conditions and the promotion for the standardization of practical skills exam as soon as possible.

Multisensory Integration and Attention in Developmental Dyslexia

Developmental dyslexia affects 5%-10% of the population, resulting in poor spelling and reading skills. While there are well-documented differences in the way dyslexics process low-level visual and auditory stimuli, it is mostly unknown whether there are similar differences in audiovisual multisensory processes. Here, we investigated audiovisual integration using the redundant target effect (RTE) paradigm. Some conditions demonstrating audiovisual integration appear to depend upon magnocellular pathways, and dyslexia has been associated with deficits in this pathway; so, we postulated that developmental dyslexics ("dyslexics" hereafter) would show differences in audiovisual integration compared with controls. Reaction times (RTs) to multisensory stimuli were compared with predictions from Miller's race model. Dyslexics showed difficulty shifting their attention between modalities; but such "sluggish attention shifting" (SAS) appeared only when dyslexics shifted their attention from the visual to the auditory modality. These results suggest that dyslexics distribute their crossmodal attention resources differently from controls, causing different patterns in multisensory responses compared to controls. From this, we propose that dyslexia training programs should take into account the asymmetric shifts of crossmodal attention.

Computer simulation of electric properties of metal-ferroelectric-substrate structured ferroelectric field effect transistor under ionizing radiation

This article uses the Miller model to simulate the ferroelectric polarization of the metal-ferroelectrics-insulator-substrate (MFIS) structured ferroelectric field effect transistor (FeFET), interfacial charge concentration, and charge migration rate under ionizing radiation. The capacitance and source-drain current at different total dose and different dose rate are calculated. Results show that the total dose of 0.1 MGy changes slightly the source leakage current and capacitance of the FeFET, and the total dose of 1 MGy leads to a larger variation in these quantities. When the radiation dose rate is varied, the minimal changes in the drain-source current and capacitance are observed. These results suggest that FeFET has a relatively large radiation hardness.

Educational interventions to improve prescribing competency: a systematic review

ObjectiveTo review the literature on educational interventions to improve prescribing and identify educational methods that improve prescribing competency in both medical and non-medical prescribers.DesignA systematic review was conducted. The databases...

Effects of differences of opinions and short‐sale constraints on the dual listed Chinese shares

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study the effects of short‐sale constraints and differences of opinions on the price premium of dual listed Chinese A‐H shares.Design/methodology/approach – The analysis mainly follows the Miller's model, which indicates that the relaxation of stringent short‐sale constraint could reduce the upward bias in stock prices. Following the literature, the paper uses the idiosyncratic return volatility and monthly turnover rate as two main proxies of differences of opinions.Findings – This study shows that the high level of A‐share differences of opinions will lead to the high price premium of A‐share portfolio with the short‐sale constraint in the A‐share market. However, the high level of H‐share differences of opinions has no effect on the price premium of H‐share portfolio and has also positively contributed to the A‐share price premium. The price premium of shorted A‐share portfolio is declined more significantly than those of non‐shorted ones after the relaxation o...