Abstract
The Suomi NPP (S-NPP) Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) performs the scheduled lunar roll maneuver on a monthly basis. The lunar calibration coefficients and lunar F-factor are calculated by taking the ratio of the lunar observed radiance to the simulated radiance from the Miller and Turner (MT) lunar model. The lunar F-factor is also validated against that derived from the VIIRS Solar Diffuser (SD). The MT model-based lunar F-factors in general agree with SD F-factors. The Lunar Band Ratio (LBR) is also derived from two channel lunar radiances and is implemented in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Integrated Calibration and Validation System (ICVS) to monitor the VIIRS long-term radiometric performance. The lunar radiances at pixels are summed for each of the VIIRS Reflective Solar Bands (RSBs) and normalized by the reference band M11 which has the most stable SD-based calibration coefficient. LBRs agree with the SD based F-factor ratios within one percent. Based on analysis with these two independent lunar calibration methods, SD-based and LBR-based calibrations show a lifetime consistency. Thus, it is recommended that LBR be used for both VIIRS radiometric calibration and lifetime stability monitoring.
Highlights
On 28 October 2011, the Suomi National Polar orbiting Partnership (Suomi NPP) satellite was successfully launched with the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) onboard [1,2,3]
Reflective Solar Bands (RSBs) band radiometric calibration is based on the Solar Diffuser (SD) and its degradation over time is measured by the Solar Diffuser Stability Monitor (SDSM)
The H-factors are applied to corresponding VIIRS bands according to the of F-factors and they are averaged over the Half Angle Mirror (HAM) sides, gain states, and all the SDSM detector center wavelengths at the SD observation angle
Summary
On 28 October 2011, the Suomi National Polar orbiting Partnership (Suomi NPP) satellite was successfully launched with the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) onboard [1,2,3]. RSB band radiometric calibration is based on the Solar Diffuser (SD) and its degradation over time is measured by the Solar Diffuser Stability Monitor (SDSM). The required VIIRS radiometric calibration uncertainty is expected to be less than 2 percent in spectral reflectance unit at the typical radiance [4]. To meet this uncertainty requirement, the SDSM is designed to track the SD reflectance changes over time. Cao et al developed the Lunar Band Ratio (LBR) method which provides relative radiometric calibration without using a lunar irradiance model [9]. Two independent methods using a lunar irradiance model and LBR are applied to evaluate radiometric performance of S-NPP VIIRS RSB bands.
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