Mill Products Research Articles

КОЛОРИРОВАНИЕ САНИТАРНО-ГИГЕНИЧЕСКОЙ БУМАГИ НАТУРАЛЬНЫМИ КРАСИТЕЛЯМИ

The use of local raw materials is the most important task for the development of the economy of our Republic. In turn, there is a need to search for new technologies for coloring paper products, by expanding the classes of dyes used for dyeing and developing efficient processes that take into account the savings in material resources, as well as the environmental friendliness of the dyes used. At the same time, it is especially important to use natural dyes based on plants and their wastes growing in our republic. This scientific work is devoted to the study of the possibility of dyeing paper with natural dyes. The purpose of this work is to study and develop a new technology for dyeing sanitary-hygienic paper with natural dyes based on dye plants growing in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The results of the research make it possible to produce paper products at a reduced cost due to the localization of expensive synthetic dyes with natural dyes based on local flora, as well as to improve the quality indicators of these products. In addition, the increase in assortments also contributes to an increase in the productivity of paper mills. In the work, physicochemical, physico-mechanical, sorption, coloristic methods were used, and an aqueous solution of a natural dye was also obtained by extraction. In the course of this study, for the first time, new science-based technologies for dyeing paper pulp with natural dyes based on local flora were created. Based on the results of the research, an economically beneficial technological regime for the production of environmentally friendly assortments of sanitary papers was proposed.

Bilyeli Değirmen ve Karıştırmalı Değirmen Kombinasyonu ile Çok İnce Talk Üretimi

In this study, it was investigated that talc ore could ground to very fine sizes using a combination of conventional ball mill and vertical stirred mill. Firstly, the conventional ball mill parameters such as mill speed (% of critical speed), material filling ratio (Jb), ball filling ratio (fc), ball size distribution (10-20-30-40 mm, %), grinding aid ratio (% of powder) and grinding time (min.) were optimized using classic experimental design. As a result of the optimization, fine talc product was obtained with d90=93.52 µm particle size. In the second stage, the ball mill product was re-milled using a stirred mill. As a result of study, a final ultra-fine talc powder was obtained after 60 minutes grinding time with d50=1.85 µm particle size and 14058 cm2/g total surface area. It has been seen that the conventional ball mill+stirred mill combination effective a process to obtain talc powder that suitable for industrial use.

ROOT CAUSES OF MISROLL IN REROLLING MILLS

Steel has been known to humanity for 4,000 years. The level of per capita consumption of steel is treated as one of the most important indicators of socioeconomic development and living standards of the people in a country. Steel rerolling mills, also called reduction mills, are widely distributed across the world. The major concerns in the steel rerolling mill are misroll and cobble, which adversely affect most of the technoeconomic parameters, including the mill utilization, material yield, mill productivity, overall equipment effectiveness, overall line efficiency, and specific heat consumption of the reheating furnace. This paper discusses the major issues that lead to misroll and cobble in the rerolling mills, and these issues were identified via a shop floor analysis and breakdown records at an iron and steel rerolling mill. After the identification of the root causes of misroll, solutions are suggested.

Gram-Scale Mechanochemical Synthesis of Atom-Layer MoS2 Semiconductor Electrocatalyst via Functionalized Graphene Quantum Dots for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution.

The development of advanced and efficient synthetic methods is pivotal for the widespread application of 2D materials. In this study, a facile and scalable solvent-free mechanochemical approach is approached, employing graphene quantum dots (GQDs) as exfoliation agents, for the synthesis and functionalization of nearly atom-layered MoS2 nanosheets (ALMS). The resulting ALMS exhibits an ultrathin average thickness of 4nm and demonstrates high solvent stability. The impressive yield of ALMS reached 63%, indicating its potential for scalable production of stable nanosheets. Remarkably, the ALMS catalyst exhibits excellent HER performance. Moreover, the ALMS catalyst showcases exceptional long-term durability, maintaining stable performance for nearly 200 h, underscoring its potential as a highly efficient and durable electrocatalyst. Significantly, the catalytic properties of ALMS are significantly influenced by ball milling production conditions. The GQD-assisted large-scale machinery synthesis pathway provides a promising avenue for the development of efficient and high-performance ultrathin 2D materials.

ZIRCONIUM DIBORIDE WASTE RECYCLING BY GRINDING AND RECURRENT SPARK PLASMA SINTERING

An economically viable and environmentally friendly method is proposed for recycling the wastes from electrical discharge cutting of the blanks obtained by the spark plasma sintering of a powdered composition based on zirconium diboride with the addition of silicon carbide, lanthanum and yttrium oxides. The wastes are ground in a flow-type centrifugal mill TsEM-7-1, and the product of milling is further consolidated by spark plasma sintering. The microstructure and phase composition of the sintered materials made from initial powder composition and the powder obtained by grinding the ceramic wastes from final machining of finished products are investigated. It is shown that the largest pieces in the wastes that cannot be ground in the mill are to be crushed preliminarily to enhance the yield of ground powder. The absence of differences in the phase composition of initial and processed powder mixtures and blanks made of them has been revealed, which demonstrates the possibility of repeated use of the wastes for spark plasma sintering of the materials formed from ceramic powders based on zirconium diboride, for the purpose of decreasing the consumption of initial components.

Hierarchical Intelligent Control Method for Mineral Particle Size Based on Machine Learning

Mineral particle size is an important parameter in the mineral beneficiation process. In industrial processes, the grinding process produces pulp with qualified particle size for subsequent flotation processes. In this paper, a hierarchical intelligent control method for mineral particle size based on machine learning is proposed. In the machine learning layer, artificial intelligence technologies such as long and short memory neural networks (LSTM) and convolution neural networks (CNN) are used to solve the multi-source ore blending prediction and intelligent classification of dry and rainy season conditions, and then the ore-feeding intelligent expert control system and grinding process intelligent expert system are used to coordinate the production of semi-autogenous mill and Ball mill and Hydrocyclone (SAB) process and intelligently adjust the control parameters of DCS layer. This paper presents the practical application of the method in the SAB production process of an international mine to realize automation and intelligence. The process throughput is increased by 6.05%, the power consumption is reduced by 7.25%, and the annual economic benefit has been significantly improved.

Using AquaCrop model to derive deficit irrigation schedules for improved irrigation water management for tomato production in Zimbabwe

Increasing scarcity and unreliability of rainfall, and the absence of irrigation schedules are challenges to decision-making, particularly for viable tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) production in Zimbabwe. The objective of this study was to determine water requirements of tomato as a basis for developing generic calendar guidelines for a more efficient irrigation management in Harare, Zimbabwe. We explored the options of improving the traditional, dry and supplementary wet season irrigation practices. By considering the archived climate data of thirty years (1991-2021) for Harare; and model-simulated consumptive water use from 2014 to 2017 at Thornpark Research Station, together with the crop and soil characteristics; and the irrigation method; an irrigation calendar was developed using the AquaCrop model 5.0. The improved irrigation schedule for dry season tomato cultivation at 60% ETc, resulted in water use of 471.6 mm, with a yield of 3.40 t ha-1; compared to water use of 820 mm and a yield of 1.118 t ha-1; for the wet season. Through this model, we have been able to estimate the time interval between the previous irrigation and the next irrigation for any date in the growing season. Therefore, year-round irrigated tomato production may be feasible with an added yield advantage of 2.28 t ha-1 obtainable using water and rainy periods.

The Making of J. S. Mill'sCollected Works, and Its Aftermath

AbstractIn 1973, a conference was held in Toronto to mark the bicentenary of James Mill's birth and the centenary of John Stuart Mill's death. By that time, Toronto had emerged as the centre of Mill studies. Between 1963 and 1973, the University of Toronto Press had published, in a scholarly edition, eleven volumes of Mill'sCollected works. A further twenty-two volumes would appear in the eighteen years that followed. Only two of the nine presenters at the 1973 conference were members of a Philosophy Department. Philosophers had a modest part in the production of Mill'sCollected works. Yet, philosophers came to dominate Mill studies in the decades after the Mill edition wrapped up in 1991. Philosophers contributed ten of the fourteen essays featured inThe Cambridge companion to Mill(1998), edited by John Skorupski. Philosophers constituted twenty-six of the thirty-seven contributors toA companion to Mill(2017), published by Wiley Blackwell and edited by Christopher Macleod and Dale E. Miller. This communication explains the relative unimportance of philosophers in the creation of theCollected works, and comments on the forces shaping the subsequent pre-eminence of philosophers in Mill studies.

Model construction and optimization for raising the concentration of industrial bioethanol production by using a data-driven ANN model

This work aims to model and predict the bioethanol produced from a conventional fermentation process. An industrial dataset was obtained from a sugar mill in India. These datasets comprised a total of 1300 experimental values acquired from a total 100 days of production of the sugar mill in the year 2021. Using this data, a framework based on deep learning Artificial Neural Network (ANN) technique model was developed and validated with the test data. Specifically, the normalized dataset was passed through an ANN model consisting of one input layer, two hidden layers and one output layer, and the percent model error calculated by using average absolute deviation metric and was found to be 4.48 and 1.99% for training and testing data, respectively. The optimization of the process variables was performed for the first time using a data synthesis technique in which the normalized dataset was first synthesized and then passed through an ANN model to get an optimized input variable set for an increase in bioethanol concentration (BEC) in the final product by 1°GL. The operating parameters which significantly influenced the BEC are concentration of cell in pre-fermentation (PFM), water fermentation pH (WFMpH), and water fermentation hardness (WFH). An increase of 8.45% in BEC was obtained for Sugar mill, India.

An unexpected effect of selective deposition of metallic particles on the {111} facets during mechanical treatment of diamond crystals in a planetary mill

The understanding of the processes occurring during friction at diamond/metal interfaces is of great importance for improving the performance of abrasive materials and developing the efficient methods of coating deposition on the diamond surface. The present work reports the morphological, structural and compositional changes of diamond microcrystals treated in a high-energy planetary mill. The starting diamond crystals were of cuboctahedron and truncated octahedron shapes and had sizes of 50, 100, 200 and 500 μm. The treatment was conducted in two modes, namely, with and without milling media. The milling vials were made of stainless steel. When milled with steel balls as the milling media, the diamonds were ground and experienced significant shape changes. In addition, iron was found as a separate phase in the product of milling. An unexpected effect of selective deposition of fine particles of a Fe-based alloy on the {111} facets of diamond crystals during their treatment without milling media was observed. After treatment, the shape of the crystals was well preserved. The selective deposition was found to be independent of the crystal size. Possible explanations of the observed effect were proposed.

Confirmation of n‐Hexane as an Inert Co‐Solvent in the Production of Functionalized Silicon Nanoparticles from Reactive High‐Energy Ball Milling

AbstractAlkanes such as n‐hexane have been used as co‐solvents in the production of functionalized semiconductor nanoparticles from alkenes and alkynes using Reactive High Energy Ball Milling (RHEBM) under the assumption that they are non‐reactive under typical milling conditions. In this paper, a comparative study with two hydrocarbon solvents of comparable chain length, 1‐hexyne, and n‐hexane, and their milling products using three different commercially available silicon precursors, namely single crystal silicon wafers and polycrystalline particles having a nominal size of 4 µm and 1 mm, is reported. It is found that nanoparticle formation and surface functionalization in all the three silicon systems occurs only with 1‐hexyne; n‐hexane is non‐reactive and does not lead to appreciable functionalized nanoparticle formation under the conditions studied. Nanoparticles (where formed) and microparticle byproducts of appropriate samples are characterized by Transmission electronic microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Photoluminiscence spectroscopy (PL), Nuclear magnetic resonance 1H/13C NMR, and thermogravimetry TGA to separately confirm nanoparticle formation and surface functionalization.

Acoustic Sensing of Fresh Feed Disturbances in a Locked-Cycle Laboratory AG/SAG Mill

In a large-scale operation, feed ores are introduced into the AG/SAG mill in a continuous mode at a given flow rate to replace the discharging slurry. Nonetheless, the variations in the feed characteristics, typically hardness and size distribution, could cause sudden disruption to the mill operation. This would be challenging to detect in practice, owing to the hostile environment of the mill. In this work, an acoustic sensing-based monitoring technique was utilized in a laboratory-scale AG/SAG mill locked-cycle study to keep track of fluctuations caused by feed ore heterogeneity. Analysis of the recorded mill acoustic response using statistical root mean square (RMS) and mill discharge sizes showed that the introduction of fresh feed with varying hardness and size distribution considerably altered the mill product undersize of −150 μm and acoustic emission. Overall, the acoustic sensing technique demonstrated that the AG/SAG mill stability as well as disturbances caused by different feed size fractions and hardness can be monitored using the mill acoustic response, an indication of real-time monitoring and optimisation.

PENINGKATAN PRODUKTIVITAS PABRIK KERTAS DENGAN MEMPERTIMBANGKAN POWER FAKTOR DAN MENGGUNAKAN KAPASITOR BANK DI PT DAYASA ARIA PRIMA

This study aims to determine the increase in paper mill productivity with the ETAP 12.6 simulation method. The progress of the company as a business organization has increased activity, increased performance and increased productivity in the electrical system at PT Dayasa Aria Prima to take strategic steps in minimizing expenditure costs on the electrical system and developing an electrical system based on ETAP 12.6 analysis and simulation at PT Dayasa Aria Prima. Changes in the value of the power factor will have an impact on decreasing the value of cos φ. Based on the analysis and simulation of ETAP 12.6 it is known that the power factor of PT. Dayasa Aria Prima is around 0.70% where the company has to pay a fine to PLN. To eliminate or eliminate fines, an increase is made to meet the standard requirements for power factor which must be more than 0.85%. Installing a capacitor bank with a power factor is an effective and efficient way to increase productivity so that companies can control and measure the productivity and cost efficiency of the company

ANALYSIS OF THE PROCESS OF REGULATION OF GRAIN SHREDDER MODES ON A STEP-ROTARY SHREDDER

One of the main problems of the branches of the modern grain processing industry, including milling, cereal and feed production, is their very high energy intensity. In order to achieve high economic indicators in the livestock industry, the feed ration must contain a certain set of substances that fully meets the needs of the animal's body in nutrients. This is possible by preparing full-fledged compound feeds. Therefore, the production of compound feeds is an important branch of agriculture. .Regulation of the degree of grinding of feed grain on rotary grinders can be done by changing the angular velocity of the rotors. The purpose of this work was to conduct a theoretical analysis and practical verification of the process of regulating the degree of grain grinding by regulating the angular velocity of the rotors. When choosing the control scheme of the electric drive, factors such as the structure of the installation, drive power, control range, physical and mechanical properties of the crushed material were taken into account. For two-rotor shredders, there are two variants of the technological process. At the same rotor speeds, depending on the structural parameters of the installation, the power consumption of a small rotor is 60... 80% of the power of a large one. To improve the use of the chopper drive motors, the angular velocity of one drive and the plant performance should be adjusted simultaneously so that the power on the second engine remains constant.

Consequential life cycle assessment of kraft lignin recovery with chemical recycling

The recovery of kraft lignin from black liquor allows an increasing of the pulp production of a kraft mill (marginal tonnage) and at the same time provide a valuable material that can be used as energy or chemical feedstock. However, because lignin precipitation is an energy- and material-consuming process, the environmental consequences from a life cycle perspective are under discourse. The aim of this study is to investigate, through the application of consequential life cycle assessment, the potential environmental benefits of kraft lignin recovery and its subsequent use as an energy or chemical feedstock. A newly developed chemical recovery strategy was assessed. The results revealed how the use of lignin as energy feedstock is not environmentally advantageous compared to producing energy directly from the pulp mill's recovery boiler. However, the best results were observed when lignin was used as a chemical feedstock in four applications to replace bitumen, carbon black, phenol, and bisphenol-A.

Evaluating the Efficiency of Organic Manures and Seaweed Extract on the Improvement of Growth and Productivity of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Plants

Evaluating the Efficiency of Organic Manures and Seaweed Extract on the Improvement of Growth and Productivity of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Plants

Sustainability assessment of virtual water flows through cereal and milled grain trade among US counties

Transference of the embedded water, so-called virtual water, in the trade of crops among regions within a country is often neglected, leading to no information about the impacts on the water resources of exporting regions, especially if those regions are water-stressed or, worse, water-scarce. Virtual water trade, if not considered through the lens of sustainability, could lead to adverse effects on the water resources of an exporting region. Previous related studies have quantified virtual water trade among the states in the United States providing valuable insights; however, information for specific crop trade among counties, its water footprint (WF) at the county scale, the resultant virtual water flow among counties, and the sustainability assessment of those virtual water flows are lacking. In this study, we calculate the green and blue WF of cereal and milled grain products at the county level and then, using trade data, calculate the virtual water flows among the counties. Then, we assess the sustainability of the import by introducing unsustainable import fraction (UIF), which is the ratio of virtual water imported from water-scarce counties to that of total virtual water imported in the form of cereal and milled grains. Finally, we quantify the change in UIF from the 2007–2017 period. A few of the significant insights discovered through this analysis include: (i) most of the cereal and milled grains trade is occurring among neighboring counties; ii) one-third of US counties import 75% or more virtual water from water scarce regions; (iii) in 2017, Texas and Missouri were the largest importer and exporter, respectively; and (iv) the number of counties importing cereals and milled grains from water-scarce counties increased from 2007 to 2017. Recommendations on alleviating the negative effects of the unsustainable import of cereal and milled grain are provided toward the end of the discussion.

Optimization of hot rolling parameters of CRNO steel with the aid of hot compression test and deformation map

Abstract Cold-rolled non-oriented (CRNO) electrical steels find a wide variety of applications in the core of electrical machines due to low core loss and high magnetic permeability. Stringent market conditions not only require CRNO steel with superior magnetic properties but also demand excellent surface conditions. CRNO steel is cold rolled to 0.5 mm in reversing mill. High hot rolled input thickness (>2.6 mm) increases the number of passes during cold rolling and adversely affects the mill productivity. It also results in surface defects such as buckling and coil break. The flow stress of this steel varies differently compared to conventional rolled steel. Thus, it becomes difficult to optimize the reduction schedule and hence safe hot rolling practice is adopted to restrict roll force within permissible limit resulting in higher thickness. A hot compression test was carried out in a Gleeble–3500 to evaluate the flow stress behaviour of this steel and a deformation map was developed to optimize the hot rolling window. The input from the hot compression test and deformation map was used to develop a mill setup model to accurately predict the roll force and optimize the reduction schedule of CRNO steel in the finishing stands of HSM. The final thickness of hot-rolled coils during industrial trials with an optimized reduction schedule was found to be in the range of 2.4–2.6 mm compared to 2.7–3.0 mm during conventional rolling. These coils were further cold rolled and finished in 4–5 passes compared to 6–7 passes with conventional rolling. Reduction in the number of passes has resulted in increased productivity during cold rolling as well as improved surface finish.

Investigation of the mechanism of defect formation on reinforcements in multi-strain rolling with separation.

In the production of rolled metal products, along with physical and mechanical properties, much attention is paid to the quality of the surface. Proper surface quality of rolled rebar provides not only the presentation of products, but also high performance properties of products ‒ long-term trouble-free operation of reinforced concrete structures. In order to increase production volumes and increase the productivity of mills, most manufacturers of rebar of small profiles No. 8‒22 use rolling with separation into several threads ‒ the slitting process. With the slitting process, most surface defects are formed near or in the thread separation area. The correct classification of defects and the establishment of the nature of their formation is a very important stage necessary for the analysis of production technology and the development of measures to improve product quality. The paper studies in detail the mechanism of formation of surface defects on reinforcement No. 12 of steel grade 25Mn2Si during rolling with separation into four threads.

Fractal approach of particle size distribution description of ball milling products: effects of ore type, feed and particle size

ABSTRACT Samples used for this study include chalcopyrite and ilmenite ores. Feed size was divided into two fractions of (+2.38 −4) and (+2 −2.38) millimeters, from which different feeds with different weight and size percent values were fed to mill at three feeds of 750, 1000, and 1250 gr. Particle size distribution (PSD) resulting from grinding operation was investigated through fractal approach to calculate fractal dimension of PSD of products. Fractal dimensions for PSD of products were equal (2.41–2.63) and (2.49–2.60) for chalcopyrite and ilmenite ores, respectively. Fractal dimensions of products are increased by increasing weight of particles for fraction of (+2.38 −4) millimeters in mill feed. This can be attributed to increased coarseness of feed particles, leading to increased dispersion of the products’ PSD. Fractal dimension of products would be reduced with an increase in feed weight, which can be due to lower grinding rate of particles and, consequently, lower production of fine particles. Fractal dimensions obtained for chalcopyrite products were bigger than those of ilmenite once. Fractal dimension has a direct relationship with feed size and an inverse relationship with feed.