Milk Bottles Research Articles

Film style, production design and the politics of interracial–interfaith relationship in Yasmin Ahmad’s Chocolate (2009)

In this article, I examine the film style of Yasmin Ahmad’s short film Chocolate (2009) by looking specifically at its production design component. Through the application of design intensity theory, the abstract function of film style theory and Viktor Shklovsky’s ostranenie (defamiliarization) concept, my examination reveals that production design through the patterning of everyday objects as props (kitchen utensils, a plastic food cover, AA batteries, a baby milk bottle and a chocolate bar) in Chocolate functions more than denoting the setting of the story and enhancing the reality effect. It also works to visualize abstract ideas about the ambivalent possibilities of interracial–interfaith relationships in contemporary Malaysia.

Evaluation of Fatigue Life of Recycled Opaque PET from Household Milk Bottle Wastes.

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is among the most used thermoplastic polymers in large scale manufacturing. Opaque PET is increasingly used in milk bottles to save weight and to bring a glossy white aspect due to TiO2 nanoparticles. The recyclability of opaque PET is an issue: whereas the recycling channels are well established for transparent PET, the presence of opaque PET in household wastes weakens those channels: opaque bottles cannot be mixed with transparent ones because the resulting blend is not transparent anymore. Many research efforts focus on the possibility to turn opaque PET into resources, as one key to a more circular economy. A recent study has demonstrated the improvement of the mechanical properties of recycled PET through reactive extrusion. In the present work, the lifespan of recycled opaque PET has been evaluated throughout tensile–tensile fatigue loading cycles at various steps of the recycling process: The specimens are obtained from flakes after grinding PET wastes (F-r-OPET), from a subsequent homogenization step (r-OPET-hom) and after reactive extrusion (Rex-r-OPET). Virgin PET is also considered as a comparison. First, tensile tests monitored by digital image correlation have been carried out to obtain the elastic modulus and ultimate tensile stress of each type of PET. The fatigue properties of reactive REx-r-OPET increase, probably associated with the rise of cross-linking and branching rates. The fatigue lifespan increases with the macromolecular weight. The fracture surface analysis of specimens brings new insight regarding the factors governing the fatigue behavior and the damaging mode of recycled PET. TiO2 nanoparticles act as stress concentrators, contributing to void formation at multiple sites and thus promoting the fracture process. Finally, the fatigue life of REx-r-OPET is comparable to those of virgin PET. Upcycling opaque PET by reactive extrusion may be a relevant new route to absorb some of the growing amounts of PET worldwide.

Study on the Direct Transformation of Milk Bottle and Wood into Wood–Plastic Composite through Injection Molding

Plastic has transformed the world; however, it generates a huge amount of waste plastics. It is well evident that, if urgent action is not undertaken on plastic pollution, it will pose threats to not only the environment, but also human life. Just simply discarding waste plastics will result in wasting a lot of valuable materials that could be recycled. Recently, the use of waste plastics has been considered for producing wood plastic composites (WPCs), which are superior to normal wood. Waste plastics are pelletized using an extruder and are then subjected to injection molding. In this study, investigations were carried out to determine the possibility of producing WPCs without the palletization of waste plastic to turn WPC production into a shorter, simple, and easy-to-achieve process. Here, a waste milk bottle, a familiar single-use plastic, was picked as a case study. Waste plastic granules and wood particles were mixed and directly injection molded to produce valuable WPCs. The water absorption of WPCs with 20% wood is 0.35%, and this increased to 0.37% when wood content was increased to 40%. The tensile strength at yield, elongation at break, and impact strength of WPCs with 20% wood content are 19.54 MPa, 5.21%, and 33.92 KJ/m2, respectively, whereas it was 17.23 MPa, 4.05%, and 26.61 KJ/m2 for the WPCs with 40% wood content. This process can be a potential solution for two problematic wastes at the same time.

Synthesis of SiO2@MOF-199 as a Fiber Coating for Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction of Phthalates in Plastic Bottled Milk

Synthesis of SiO2@MOF-199 as a Fiber Coating for Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction of Phthalates in Plastic Bottled Milk

Automatic Pasteurized Formula Milk Preparation Machine with Automatic Sterilized Containers.

Children are the future of our generation, so reducing child mortality is very critical in developing countries. There are lots of asserting factors of child mortality but malnutrition is one of the prominent factors. Medically, it has been proven that breastfeeding is one of the sources of nutrients and it is being always appreciated to have mothers' milk to a child in the early days. However, with the increasing participation of women in the workforce, the child care load on breastfeeding mothers is very high. This forces many of them to take long career breaks. Here, in this paper, we have an automatic formula milk dispensing unit that will be used in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) and for breastfeeding mothers at home. The device has inbuilt sterilization and pasteurization units that would maintain the overall hygiene and sterilization of baby milk bottles. Currently, the device has a few buttons through which we can control the functionality of the device.

A mechanistic model for infant-feeding via bottles

Recent literature has pointed out the discrepancies in flow labelling of baby bottles available in the market. In order to facilitate the categorization of labelled flow, this study is a first attempt to model milk flow out from a baby bottle under the negative suction pressure applied by a baby. The physical model results are compared with experimental measurements obtained under a controlled set of conditions using a breast pump connected to a milk bottle. The impact of applied suction pressure (ranging from low to high values in literature), bottle and nipple dimensions (corresponding to milk bottles labelled for different baby ages), tilt angle (resting versus active feeding position), bottle liquid filling level (beginning of a feed versus end of a feed) and liquid delivered (3 levels of viscosity, corresponding to water, milk and milk with cereals) on the milk flow out from a bottle is evaluated. Based on the results obtained, the relative importance of different parameters on the milk flow is discussed. The steady-state model proposed in this study delivered results in good agreement with the experimentally measured data under all scenarios. We conclude that the nipple orifice radius and suction pressure have the largest impact on milk flow, followed by the other parameters. This study allows a better understanding of parameters to be considered when designing a baby bottle. Furthermore, it can be used to more precisely label milk flow values for different bottles according the baby's age group. Thus, helping parents and healthcare practitioners to make more informed and appropriate choice from a wide range of milk bottles and nipple designs. • A static mechanistic model, based on Bernoulli's principle, for infant-feeding via baby bottles is proposed. • An experimental set-up using a breast-pump was used to validate the model predictions, and a very good agreement was found. • An infant's suction was found as the main driver of the milk flow, followed by the nipple orifice radius. • The feeding fluid viscosity and feeding angle impacted the milk flow, but at a lower extent compared to the other parameters. • The bottle shapes studied in the current work were found to have negligible impact on the milk flow.

The Case Number 112 of Congenital Chylous Ascites and Its Successful Treatment

Background:Congenital chylous ascites is a very rare condition that has been well recognized as early as the 1950s, and was mostly called “Congenital chyloperitoneum” during that time. Few cases have been reported during the 1960s, and in 1967, Craven et al attributed the development of congenital chylous ascites to obstruction of the cisterna chyli and chylous reflux into the peritoneal space and small intestine and they demonstrated lymphangiographically. Patients and methods: The use of a unique dietary therapy for the treatment of congenital chylous ascites is briefly described and the relevant literature is described. Results:An infant with congenital chylous ascites was seen at about the age of two and half months. He was initially treated with intravenous somatostatin infusion, and thereafter by repeated paracentesis, and continued to receive breast and bottle milk feedings. However, when he was first seen, ultrasound was still showing moderate ascites. The boy was successfully treated a combination of a unique form of very low-fat diet and octreotide acetate subcutaneous injections. Treatment was not associated with a negative effect on growth or development, and no evidence of nutritional deficiency was observed. Conclusion: The case number 112 of congenital chylous ascites is reported and its unique therapeutic approach is described.

Sosialisasi Pentingnya ASI Esklusif Sampai Bayi Usia 6 Bulan

The occurrence of nutritional insecurity in infants is due to not only lack of food, but also because breast milk (ASI) is mostly replaced with bottle milk in a way and the amount does not meet the needs. The growth and development of infants is largely determined by the amount of breast milk obtained, including energy and other nutrients contained in the milk. Breast milk without other food ingredients can meet the needs of growth until the age of about four months.. In nation building, human quality improvement. Service Activities March 2022 The activity was attended by 25 pregnant and lactating mothers. The implementation of community service activities used is the dissemination of reproductive health in preparation for breastfeeding. The method used is the lecture method, question and answer method and games / quizzes. The result of this community service activity is the awareness of mothers to participate in socialization activities regarding reproductive health in preparation for pregnancy or breastfeeding. Some of the supporting factors for these activities include: 1. The participants have a great willingness to get information and knowledge about socialization regarding reproductive health as a preparation for breastfeeding, 2. This health education activity is strongly supported by the village, either directly or indirectly, actively participates in the implementation of health education regarding socialization of reproductive health as a preparation for breastfeeding.

Evaluating the Use of QR Codes on Food Products

Today, consumers consider food packaging to be as equally important as a product brand. In addition, the increase in smartphone usage by consumers has led marketers to design new forms of packaging. Among the latest marketing trends, smart packaging with the use of QR Codes is emerging as one of the most promising technologies to enhance the information provided to consumers and influence their buying behavior. This study evaluates the use of a QR Code on bottled milk and more specifically on milk produced by one of the most well-known “boutique” Greek dairy producers. It consists of two phases. In the first one, data was gathered from 537 consumers of the product to capture and analyze their (i) buying behavior, (ii) perception of the product’s package, and (iii) knowledge about the product. In the second phase, a Quick Response (QR) Code was placed on the bottle’s label. Consumers who scanned it were linked to a web page containing information on the product. A total of 308 from the 537 initial respondents scanned the code, accessed the site, and answered the second questionnaire. Similar to the first stage, (i) the consumers’ buying behavior, (ii) their perception of the product’s package, and (iii) their knowledge about the product were examined, following their visit to the above-mentioned website through the QR Code. The objective was to evaluate the use of web applications using enriched text information. The results show that a QR Code on the packaging of food products, which directs consumers to entertaining and enriched content, results in an increased level of usage intention. Moreover, they proved that comprehension and self-confidence are higher with the adoption of the QR Code. In addition, the use of QR Codes enables businesses to provide timely and accurate information and positively influence consumers′ buying behavior.

Metal-organic framework mixed-matrix membrane-based extraction combined HPLC for determination of bisphenol A in milk and milk packaging

The residues of bisphenol A (BPA) in milk packaging may transfer to milk, adversely affecting the human endocrine system. Consequently, to analyse or monitor BPA, it is imperative to develop rapid and effective approaches to BPA extraction from milk and milk packing as BPA is usually present in trace levels. Herein, we developed a rapid, simple, and low-cost dispersive-membrane-solid-phase-extraction (DME) for BPA with MIL-101(Cr) mixed-matrix-membrane (MMM). The MMM had large surface area (1322.09 m2/g) and pore volume (0.65 cm3/g), possessed great extraction efficiency of BPA, and kept more than 90% extraction efficiency after 20 times of reuse. Using the developed MIL-101(Cr)-MMM-based DME coupled with HPLC-fluorescence detector, we received an adequate linearity in the range of 0.1 ∼ 50 μg/L BPA and a limit of detection as low as 16 ng/L under optimized conditions. The recoveries of BPA in milk and milk bottles were from 74.2% to 110.6%, with RSDs less than 9.4%.

Ultrasonic analysis of effects of varying temperature, pH, and proteolytic enzymes on hydrolysis of lactose by neutral lactase formulations in infant milk and in the infant digestive system

Lactose intolerance in infants can be overcome by adding lactase enzyme formulations to milk, hydrolysing the lactose present. Commonly, such formulations require a significant incubation period after addition to milk to allow time for hydrolysis to take place at desired temperature. Such incubation is often problematic for household conditions, and therefore, formulations with short or, ideally, no incubation period are needed. Development of such formulations requires understanding of the complex process of lactose hydrolysis within the variable temperature and pH conditions in the milk bottle and in the gastrointestinal tract. The current paper describes the application of high-resolution ultrasonic spectroscopy for detailed characterisation of the effect of pH, temperature, and proteases present in the digestive tract on hydrolysis of lactose. The results were employed in the development of a predictive model of lactose hydrolysis within conditions of the infant digestive system. The model was applied for analysis of the whole infant feeding process: from hydrolysis in the bottle, to the stomach and small intestine, and for assessment of the impact of enzyme dosage, the incubation period, and bottle temperature profile on the levels of lactose and galacto-oligosaccharides (produced during hydrolysis), released from the stomach and reaching the large intestine where symptoms of intolerance arise. The results showed that the activity of Ha-Lactase in the stomach and small intestine assists significantly in the reduction of lactose load to 10 % or less of the amount of lactose in the feed, depending on conditions.

Environmental benefits of material-efficient design: A hybrid life cycle assessment of a plastic milk bottle

Over a million plastic bottles are bought around the world every minute, 20,000 every second. While there is agreement that single-use plastics should be phased out, records of plastic pollution point in the opposite direction. Until the phasing-out of single-use plastics materialises, there is an immediate opportunity to mitigate the environmental impacts of plastic use through better design, that is to improve material efficiency without affecting function or performance. In this article, we focus on a standard plastic milk bottle, which we redesign based on a previously developed shape factor for the sustainability of forms, achieving a ∼13% material reduction. Environmental benefits are evaluated globally through hybrid life-cycle assessment (LCA) both in the 10 countries in which the original plastic bottle is used and the other 22 countries upstream in the supply chain. Results obtained through hybrid LCA are 17.3% higher than those obtained through process-based LCA. Environmental benefits arising in the 22 countries in the upstream supply chain are twice as much as those observed in the 10 countries where the original bottle is used. Overall, our findings show a potential annual reduction of ∼1.9 Mt CO 2 e, equivalent to approximately 415,000 cars taken off the road, thus proving the substantial and viable benefits that can be achieved by material efficiency through redesign.

Faktor Risiko Kejadian Diare pada Anak Usia 6-24 bulan di Kota Jambi

Diarrhea is a major cause of child morbidity and mortality in developing countries, including Indonesia. This study aimed to determine the risk factors for diarrhea in children aged 6-24 months. This study used a case-control design with 48 cases and 48 controls. Cases were children aged 6-24 months who had experienced diarrhea with the ICD code A.09 recorded in the register book from October 2019 to March 2020. The control samples were children aged 6-24 months who did not suffer from diarrhea with age (range ±3 months), gender, and domiciled in the same village as the case. Samples were taken using the total sampling method. Data collection used interview and direct observation techniques in July 2020. Data analysis was carried out univariate and bivariate using the chi-square test. The results of the study showed the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding (p= 0.000 OR=4.8 95% CI: 2.04-11.53), use of milk bottles (p=0.000 OR=6.3 95%CI 2.5-15.7), and CTPS habits (p = 0.000 OR = 4.8 95% CI 2.0-11.5) with the incidence of diarrhea in children. Family latrines (p=0.168 OR=4.3 95%CI 0.4-39.7), and drinking water sources (p=1,000 OR=1.0 95%CI 0.1-16.4) were not factors diarrhea risk. Health workers should educate the importance of the habit of washing hands with soap and washing bottles. Parents should give exclusive breastfeeding, clean regularly, and pay attention to how to store milk bottles before use.

Edward R. D. Scott (1947–2021): A tribute to an exceptional scientist and wonderful man

Edward R. D. Scott (1947–2021): A tribute to an exceptional scientist and wonderful man

Circular economy for sustainable packaging

Circular economy for sustainable packaging

Relationship Pattern Of Formula Milk Using A Milk Bottle To The Risk Of Dental Caries In Children Aged 3-6 Years In Bontorannu Village Bulukumba Regency

WHO’s data in 2017 shows that 60-90% of children’s in industrilized countries experience dental caries. Whereas in Indonesia, especially in South Sulawesi, based on a survey conducted by the Hasanuddin University Faculty of Dental Health in 2019 showed that children’s suffering from dental caries reached up to 90.05%. The purpose of this research is to determine the relationship between the pattern of formula milk using milk bottles against the risk of dental caries in children. Type of the research is quantitative study with an observational method using a cross sectional approach. Population in this study were all children’s aged 3-6 years in Bontorannu Village, Bulukumba Regency who consumed formula milk using a milk bottle, as many 38 children’s. Sampling was done by nonprobability sampling with a total sampling technique. Research result shows that children who consume formula milk using milk bottles correctly as many 13 (34.2%) isn’t risk suffering of dental caries, and wrong as many 25 (65.8%) is risk suffering dental caries. The results of data analysis using the chi-square test obtained p value=0.000 (0.05), H0 is rejected or there is a significant relationship between the pattern of formula milk using milk bottles and risk dental caries in children’s.

Mathematical Models for Milk Dispatching Problem

This study considers the milk dispatching problem for a small-sized distribution company. The milk dispatching problem can be seen in many reallife applications. Under a social responsibility project, several organizations, including companies and municipalities, distribute bottled milk for children to primary schools and impoverished families without any charge. These companies generally use capacitated vehicles for distribution and should consider available hours of the schools as well as the families. The planners generally want to minimize their expenses, such as fuel oil and storage costs. Under those restrictions, the problem turns out to be a capacitated vehicle routing problem with time windows (CVRPTW). One of the main objectives is to minimize total traveled distance considering the vehicle type to reduce the fuel consumption of the vehicles. Another objective is to minimize serving the customers late to reduce the storage cost of undelivered milk. To achieve those objectives, we formulated mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) and constraint programming (CP) models for the problem. To verify and compare our mathematical models, we modified well-known instances from the literature, including problem-specific parameters. The comprehensive computational results show that both models are very competitive for the problem. However, it should be noted that the MILP model outperforms the CP model in terms of solution quality and CPU time for the instances with a long planning horizon.

Life cycle assessment (LCA) of PET and PLA bottles for the packaging of fresh pasteurised milk: The role of the manufacturing process and the disposal scenario

AbstractEnvironmental protection issues are at the forefront of the vast majority of the media and public opinion. The study in question revealed the life cycle of a product commonly used in the home, the bottle of fresh pasteurised milk. The materials used for the manufacturing of the bottles are PET (PolyEthylene Terephthalate), plastic derived from fossil resources, and PLA (PolyLactic Acid), bioplastic derived from sugar cane, therefore from renewable resources. The life cycle of the bottles was carried out by highlighting the extraction phase of raw materials, the production of polymer, bottle, other packaging and distribution of milk and lastly, final disposal, excluding the phase of use, not significant for the purposes of this study. The studies were focused on two disposal scenarios, the current scenario and the one that is likely to take place in 10 years. In the current disposal scenario, there is no clear reduction in environmental impact from the comparison of the materials examined. With reference to the 2030 disposal scenario, the PLA turns out to be much more environmentally friendly.

Analysis of Thermal Sensitivity of Human Cytomegalovirus Assayed in the Conventional Conditions of a Human Milk Bank.

One of the main concerns in human milk banks (HMB) is the transmission of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) that could be present in the milk of infected women. There are consistent data showing that this virus is destroyed by Holder pasteurization (62.5°C for 30 min), but there is a lack of information about the response of the virus to the treatment at lower temperatures in strict HMB conditions. In order to analyze the effectiveness of different temperatures of pasteurization to eliminate HCMV in human milk, a preliminary assay was performed incubating HCMV-spiked raw milk samples from donor mothers at tested temperatures in a PCR thermocycler and the viral infectivity was assayed on cell cultures. No signs of viral replication were observed after treatments at temperatures equal or >53°C for 30, 20, and 10 min, 58°C for 5 min, 59°C for 2 min, and 60°C for 1 min. These data were confirmed in a pasteurizer-like model introducing HCMV-spiked milk in disposable baby bottles. No viral infectivity was detected on cell cultures after heating treatment of milk for 30 min at temperatures from 56 to 60°C. Thus, our results show that by using conventional pasteurization conditions, temperatures in the range of 56–60°C are enough to inactivate HCMV. Consequently, we consider that, in order to provide a higher quality product, the current recommendation to pasteurize both mother's own milk and donated milk at 62.5°C must be re-evaluated.

Gambaran Prevalensi Karies Pada Anak Usia 3-5 Tahun Yang Mengkonsumsi ASI dan Susu Botol :Kajian Pada PAUD Sapta Kemuning, Depok Jawa Barat (Laporan Penelitian)

Background: Oral health problems can affect children's general development, general body health and also have a negative impact on children's quality of life. The high rate of early caries in children with the insidence of active dental caries in Indonesia from 53.2% in 2013 increased to 57.6% in 2018 according to the 2018 Basic Health Research data. The high rate of early caries in children begins with breast milk consumption (0 – 6 months) and increases use of bottled milk during the first 6 months after birth. The habit of drinking milk before bed by using a bottle that is too long, also the habit of sucking candy and sweet foods can cause children to get caries. Objective: To describe the early caries prevalence in children aged 3-5 years who consume breast milk and bottled milk in Early Childhood Education Sapta Kemuning, Depok, West Java. Methods: This study was a descriptive observational study with a cross sectional approach to describe the prevalence of caries in 56 children aged 3-5 years who consumed breast milk and bottled milk according to the inclusion criteria. The child is examined def-t by the lecture, the parents are given a questionnaire containing 3 questions which include the type of intake given to the child, the frequency of administration, and the position of the child when given the intake that has been tested for validity and reliability. Results: Obtained a mean of def-t 6.4 (high). The results showed that 40 children consumed breast milk and 10 children who consumed bottled milk were exposed to caries with an average def-t value of 6.2 (high) and 7.0 (very high). Conclusion: The results showed that the largest caries prevalence in PAUD Sapta Kemuning students was caused by breast milk consumption which was 95% followed by bottle milk consumption of 83%.