Role Of Military Research Articles

The Impact of Military Policing on Armed Forces: The Case of Italy

In recent years, governments have progressively expanded the military’s role in internal security, often utilizing military policing to enhance their consensus. However, extending the armed forces’ participation in internal security gives rise to problems within the military. This article introduces a framework to analyze these problems and applies it to the explorative case study of “Strade Sicure,” an internal security operation of the Italian Army. The framework is used to develop the working hypothesis that Italian soldiers deployed in the operation are transformed into subordinates of the police: They are relegated to routine constabulary duties and work under the strict supervision of police officers. The article tests the hypothesis with qualitative data, including interviews with retired military personnel. The research contributes to the debate on military role expansion by offering a framework to study its effects on the military. Moreover, the article provides empirical evidence that holds practical policy implications.

The weapons of mass destruction-civil support team PA.

The weapons of mass destruction-civil support team (WMD-CST) physician associate/assistant (PA) is an autonomous PA who balances military and civilian roles to achieve mission success and support the safety of the US public. This article by multiple WMD-CST PAs across the nation describes the WMD-CST PA profession and how traditional PA roles continue to advance.

On (In-)Secure Grounds: How Military Forces Interact with Global Environmental Change

Abstract Military forces contribute to, struggle with, and respond to global environmental change. This entangles them ambiguously with their ecological environment. This article reviews these entanglements in two steps. First, it develops a three-dimensional typology of ecologically relevant military activities by drawing on the environmental peace and conflict research streams of political ecology, decolonial studies, environmental conflicts, environmental peacebuilding, securitization, and climate human security. In a second step, this typology then guides the first literature review of studies on military –environment interactions. The review finds four different military roles: (1) Military forces are complicit in causing environmental harms through military conduct; (2) they are involved in Anthropocene geopolitics, for instance, in a melting Arctic; (3) they alleviate impacts through a range of mitigation and adaptation measures, including military disaster response; and, finally, (4) some military forces have been found involved in obstructing climate policy. The study argues that these different roles are indicative of the challenges that conventional security policies face when addressing the increasingly multipolar Anthropocene’s global security challenges.

Unlocking the Gates of Memory

This study analyzes official and family historical narratives, and their role in Muslim-Chinese identity formation in Southeast China, from the early Ming dynasty to the twentieth century. The narratives examined here are associated with the Chinese merchant-official Pu Shougeng (d. ca. 1296) and with the late-Yuan Muslim General Jin Ji (posted to Quanzhou in 1333). Both played crucial political and military roles in thirteenth- and fourteenth-century Fujian. The families’ historical narratives – occasionally tightly linked, yet also representing conflicting interests and sentiments – strongly influenced the fortunes of Muslims in Quanzhou at large and especially those of the Pu and Jin lineages, whose descendants still live in Quanzhou and its surroundings. Under current political conditions, Muslim origin has become a desired token for asserting official Muslim-Chinese (Hui) ethnic identity. Thus, family branches that previously made efforts to conceal their ancestral identity are utilizing historical documentation, genealogical records, oral traditions and literature to provide new interpretations to their historical narratives, highlighting certain themes and playing down others, to emphasize their Muslim origin. This analysis sheds additional light on the changing roles of historical narratives in identity formation from the late imperial period until today.

Civilian Protection in Theory and Practice

ABSTRACT This article introduces a Special Issue on the Protection of Civilians (PoC) efforts in United Nations (UN) peacekeeping operations. The UN Security Council adopted Resolution 1265 in February 1999, laying the basis for PoC becoming a fundamental part of UN peacekeeping. On the 25th anniversary of this resolution, it’s time to reflect on the various advances, achievements and challenges facing the UN’s PoC agenda. This introduction to the Special Issue outlines the UN’s three-tiered PoC approach: dialogue and engagement, physical protection, and creating a protective environment. Building on this foundation, the Special Issue explores diverse topics, including pre-deployment training, unarmed peacekeeping, host-state consent, military and police roles in protection, the use of force by troops, civilian protection sites in South Sudan, and the unintended effects of peacekeeping missions. Each article contributes insights across the three PoC tiers bringing together cutting edge insights from leading academics and practitioners in the field.

The Autocrat-in-Training: The Sisi Regime at 10

Abstract: A decade has passed since General Abdel-Fattah al-Sisi assumed the Egyptian presidency. His reign has been marked by autocratic trial-and-error governance and the prioritization of personal desires and instincts over the needs of the Egyptian people. Sisi's focus on state-led infrastructure projects, such as the building of new cities and a new Suez Canal, initially stimulated economic growth but masked underlying economic weaknesses. His military-centered economic strategy expanded the military's role in the economy, leading to a precarious autocracy heavily reliant on coercion and external support. Sisi's economic policies, marked by heavy borrowing and austerity measures, have disproportionately impacted low- and middle-class citizens, leading to rising poverty and social discontent. Despite attempts at economic reform, Sisi's governance remains characterized by personalist rule, resistance to formal institutions, and a reliance on repression to suppress dissent, leaving Egypt in a precarious economic and political state.

The Military's Constitutional Role

The Military's Constitutional Role

The Military Role of the Bedouin Woman in the Arabian Peninsula (al-ʿUṭafa & al-ʿAmmāriyya as an Example) in the 19th and the First Half of the 20th Centuries

Abstract The paper studies one of the important roles in the military history of women in the Arabian Peninsula during the 19th and the first half of the 20th centuries. Attention is given to the linguistic and historical analysis of al-ʿuṭafa and al-ʿammāriyya and the distinction between them and the conditions that need to be satisfied by the young woman rider chosen to be an ʿuṭafa or an ʿammāriyya. The names of some of those women who participated in tribal wars, attacks, and major battles are given as well as their tribal affiliations within the ranks of the armies of the states and amirates of the Arabian Peninsula. Mention is made of her tasks and the duties assigned to her and her fate on the field of battle and the different historical stages of this phenomenon and its subsequent disappearance among the tribes are also considered.

Fascist Expansionism and the Mediterranean: The Rise of Italian Sea Power Seen from France (1924–1936)

Military and naval power was pivotal in Fascist Italy’s expansionism. Nevertheless, studies on this subject focus on the era of the Fascist wars (1935–1943), neglecting the military role in sustaining Fascist revisionism before that phase. Moreover, research on the pre-1935 period has focused on diplomatic and propaganda history, overlooking the military’s role in precociously building Fascist Italy’s challenge to the international order in the inter-war era. This article analyses French perceptions of the rise of the interwar Italian Navy; namely, the precocious perception of Fascist naval expansionism, which was the product of an ideologically driven foreign policy by Mussolini.

Gardens of conflict: the military role of Islamic and Byzantine gardens

Despite recent strides in the exploration of gardens within formal, functional, and symbolic dimensions, the link between gardens and warfare remains an overlooked facet in the realm of garden and landscape history. The present study aims to illuminate the role that gardens assumed during times of conflict. Drawing from primary historical accounts, this research delves into the gardens of both the Byzantine and Eastern Islamic realms through a military lens, conceiving gardens as encampments, battlefields, providers of sustenance, sources of war materiel, and means of defending cities. The findings of this study reveal that both Byzantine and Islamic gardens undertook multifaceted military functions by serving as strategic positioning grounds for the armed forces and meeting their edible needs, particularly during sieges. However, it appears that gardens in Greater Iran and Transoxiana were much more profoundly connected to wars.

Strome, the castle of Loch Carron

Few major castles of the western seaboard of the Highlands and Islands have received less attention than Strome on Loch Carron. This essay attempts to rectify this by looking at its history through pursuing certain themes, under subheadings. It begins by examining the castle’s importance, looking at its location and function in which symbolism and, most probably, economics played essential parts. The article then provides a record of who held the castle from 1472, the year it is first mentioned in written sources. It shows that there were times when its traditional owners, the MacDonalds, sometimes had legal title but continued, as far as can be inferred, in occupation, either directly or through constables, during periods when the castle had been sequestrated by the crown or granted to others. This reflects that the crown and its lieutenants saw Strome to be a powerful base which, in recalcitrant hands, had to be neutralised. At the same time, it shows the value placed upon it by the MacDonalds, first of Lochalsh and later of Glengarry. The analysis then moves to the castle’s military role, first by looking at its place in the MacDonalds’ strategy to retain control of their lands in these western areas of the earldom of Ross, then moving on to its more immediate place in warfare when it was attacked. It concludes with the confrontation with the Mackenzies of Kintail, when, despite a tenacious defence, the MacDonalds were compelled to cede the castle at the end of the 16th century. That it was not then simply taken over by the Mackenzies is significant: the castle and MacDonald hegemony of Lochcarron had come to be inseparable. Its destruction was a Mackenzie imperative and so they blew up part of it with gunpowder.
 Canmore ID 99579

Military operations during the German occupation of Ilirska Bistrica and its surroundings during the Second World War

Between 1918 and 1946, the area of present-day Ilirska Bistrica fell under the Kingdom of Italy; Italy’s capitulation in September 1943 was followed by the period of the German occupation. Due to its geostrategic position on the rail and road junction between Postojna and Rijeka, Ilirska Bistrica had an important military role and hence a strong garrison. Whereas initially, the latter was only composed of German units, starting with 1944, the area also witnessed the arrival of the members of the Slovenian National Defence Corps and finally also the members of the Serbian Volunteer Corps and the Četnik Dinara Division. The presence of these forces prevented the Partisans from launching a direct attack on Ilirska Bistrica, which therefore only witnessed major battles in the very last month of the war.

Frankish and local technological traditions in greyware pottery production at l'esquerda (Catalonia), 7th-9th centuries AD: Examining distribution patterns and exchange at the southern Carolingian border

The archaeological site of L’Esquerda was a distinctive fortified settlement from the Late Bronze Age until the violent destruction of the medieval village in CE 1314. After several centuries of abandonment during the Roman period, peasant populations reoccupied the site. It played military role during the political struggles of the Visigothic kingdom in the 6th and 7th centuries AD and became a strategic site when the Frankish king Louis the Pious strengthened the Hispanic March against the Andalusi Muslim domains. Throughout this period, the settlement was periodically refortified, and a wall enclosing the main access to the site was built. From the time of the early medieval reoccupation of the site, greyware pottery was the primary artefact used for daily cooking purposes. We analysed one hundred samples from this site by means of thin section petrography in order to explore the changes that occurred from a diachronic perspective in accordance with the historical vicissitudes of the site. The results showed a shift towards more regionalized consumption of pottery and the abandonment of previous technological practices. Our study aims to determine whether the presence of imported Frankish products, if any, influenced changes in local pottery production, such as the use of new recipes or firing conditions.

So Near Yet So Far: Nicaragua and Costa Rica's Divergent Fate in Pursuing Democracy

This paper compared the democratic development of Costa Rica and Nicaragua. Although two neighboring Latin American countries with similar culture, language, and historical root, their trajectories of political development are divergent. While Costa Ricas democracy has consolidated, Nicaragua is still struggling in authoritarian rule with dismal socioeconomic development. The paper found that the two seemingly similar countries different fates result from various factors from the role of military, and political systems to the disparity of socioeconomic development. Costa Ricans stable democratic environment then enabled the entrenchment of a pro-democratic political culture that is absent in Nicaragua. The multi-perspective analysis of the two similar countries could have further implications on the comparative studies of countries that share similar social, cultural, and political origins but with different outcomes of democratic development.

Nine years of surgical activity in the deployed French military role 2 medical treatment facility in Mali

IntroductionIn January 2013, France launched a military operation in Mali, which ended in August 2022. This study aimed to analyse the global activity performed by a surgical team within the...

Konstruktionen av militär manlighet i Snoilskys Svenska bilder

The Construction of Military Masculinity in Snoilsky’s Svenska bilder: The paper presents an analysis of the construction of military masculinity in Carl Snoilsky’s Svenska bilder (Swedish Pictures). The construction of military masculinity is discussed as an important element of the cultural memory formulated in this Swedish canonical cycle of historical poetry. Taking Jan and Aleida Assman’s theory of cultural memory as a theoretical starting point, the article juxtaposes it with literary studies of masculinity to reflect on the meaning of military masculinity. War poetry and military poetry is identified as the dominant type of the poetic form of the cycle, and gendered patterns of cultural memory are discussed as reproducing the patriarchal principles of the nineteenth-century historiography. The dominant model of masculinity in Svenska bilder is presented as marked by militaristic values combined with the ethos of bourgeois masculinity. As the cycle assigns different military roles to the different stages of a man’s life, the dynamics of the meanings of masculinity is shown through the category of age. Chivalrous boyhood is presented as a stage preceding youth subordinated to the norm of homosocial military socialisation. The image of the adult man fighting at war is discussed as an amalgam of heroising and deheroising strategies. The presence of war veterans and the concept of the citizen-soldier in Svenska bilder is seen in the article as the confirmation of the hegemonic military model in the cycle.

Radio frequency identification review and development prospect research

Based on the existing literature and data, this paper starts from the principle of radio frequency identification technology, analyses the situation of the application field of RFID and predicts its development prospect. The results show that RFID technology is a kind of technology that uses the transmission characteristics of RF signals through space alternating electromagnetic coupling to identify targets and thus realize rapid automatic identification. Since it was developed and used in warfare in the mid-twentieth century, RF identification technology has developed rapidly and developed a variety of applications. Today, with the development of electronic technology and communication technology, RF identification technology already has a wide and irreplaceable role in medicine, military and food safety. It is not difficult to imagine that with more joint applications of new technology, radio frequency-related algorithm improvement, radio frequency tag price reduction, and other conditions, the technology will have a more extensive and profound application in the future.

Development of Military Role in Indonesian Government

Development of Military Role in Indonesian Government

Civil-military Relations in Mexico: From One-Party Dominance to Post-Transitional Insecurity

While far from ideal, civil-military relations in Mexico in the second half of the twentieth century stood apart from the Latin American trend towards military government and dictatorship. Over the course of the last three decades, however, drug-trafficking, organised crime and high levels of violence and insecurity have deeply transformed this historical pattern with Mexico experiencing a clearcut process of militarization and becoming part of a broad Latin American trend. This article investigates the forces behind and the features of the remarkable political and ideological turnaround with respect to Mexico’s military and militarization. To provide proper context, it first examines the evolution of civil-military relations in Mexico during the era of PRI dominance (ca. 1945-ca. 1985) and the subsequent challenges of a democratic recasting of civil-military relations. It then studies how from the 1990s onwards drug trafficking (and its mutation into organised crime) and an escalating security crisis affected civil-military relations. The last section critically examines the unprecedented promotion of military roles and prerogatives during the administration of President Andrés Manuel López Obrador (2018-2024). The conclusion argues that the shifting relations between civilians and soldiers in Mexico are likely to weaken civilian control over the military and hence risk democratic backsliding.

Russian strategic directions in the Middle East goals- determinants- future dimension))

According to the contemporary Russian strategic approach, the Middle East region witnessed a gradual return to the influential role of this country, as Russia achieved great rapprochement with the region and was able to restore its relations with some of its countries. It also tended to play political and military roles in pivotal issues. This return was accompanied by an increasing desire to penetrate several regions’ countries. Such a penetration would help Russia in ensuring a better position in international interactions and open a new vital field to maximize its strategic interests.