Military Purposes Research Articles

INVESTIGATION OF FLUORESCENCE EFFECTS OF EU(TTA)3(H2O)2 AND EU(TTA)3(PHEN) COMPLEXES IN THE PRESENCE OF OTHER LANTHANIDE METAL IONS

In this study, we explore the fluorescence behavior of Eu(TTA)3(H2O)2 and Eu(TTA)3(Phen) complexes in the presence of various other lanthanide metal ions, with the objective of ensuring diversity in the raw material sources for military purposes. The fluorescence properties of these complexes are investigated to understand their potential interactions with other lanthanide ions and their effects on fluorescence emission. Spectroscopic analysis is conducted to examine how the presence of different lanthanide ions influences the fluorescence emission of Eu(TTA)3(H2O)2 and Eu(TTA)3(Phen) complexes. Product structure characteristics are determined by IR, UV-Vis, and EDX spectroscopy. The optical properties of the complex are studied by fluorescence spectroscopy. The results indicate that the structure EuxM1-x(TTA)Phen (M: Tb, Nd, Pr; x = 0.1; 0.5; 0.9; 1.0) gives stronger luminescence at ignited wavelengths λex = 385 nm.

Artificial intelligence as it is in the current conditions of digital transformation of global society

The article is devoted to the study of the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in the modern digital transformation of the rich countries of the global North and the poor countries of the global South. Particular attention is paid to the different conditions of the digital revolution in the former and the latter. They are leading to an increase in old inequalities and the emergence of new digital inequalities between developed and developing countries. At the same time, the pursuit of profit in the digital economy has become the main reason for further material and property differentiation between the first, second, and third world countries, as well as between the rich and the poor within each of these countries. All of this hinders the revolutionary potential of AI in the interests of all countries and peoples and creates conditions for its use for anti-people purposes, including by combining AI with weapons for the military purpose of killing people. The task of civil society is precisely to force state authorities to take measures to regulate digital business in order to overcome the threats posed by the oligarchs of digital corporations and improve the socio-economic situation of both the cybertariat and the entire working population in the countries of the global North and the global South.

A vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) unmanned aircraft vehicle trajectory control model with air-launched missiles

Purpose In today’s technology, the significance of unmanned aerial vehicles is steadily increasing. Many unmanned aerial vehicles design, especially those used for military purposes, have achieved autonomy from human operators. Undoubtedly, one of the most crucial features of these aircraft is their vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) capability. Inspired by quadrotor methodology, this paper aims to conduct, a modeling of an aircraft with VTOL capabilities. Design/methodology/approach The impact of releasing air-launched missiles, considered as the useful payload carried during the flight of the aircraft, has been taken into account in this modeling. The release of air-launched missiles disrupts both the symmetric structure of the system and alters the mass and inertia parameters. Simulations were conducted to investigate scenarios involving the simultaneous release of all air-launched missiles and their release at different times. Findings The investigation focused on determining how quickly an aircraft, aiming to consecutively hit targets, can return to its desired trajectory. The time interval between the consecutive releases of two air-launched missiles has been identified. Originality/value It is crucial for a VTOL-capable aircraft to possess a unique modeling structure to examine its capability of releasing air-launched missiles in various scenarios. This entails understanding not only the aircraft’s VTOL functionality but also its ability to effectively release missiles in different operational conditions.

Rupshi Airport: A Forgotten History

Rupshi, the capital of Rupshi Zamindar, was established by Jagadindra Narayan Choudhury in honor of his beautiful wife, Rupshi Devi, between 1915 and 1920. Since then, the place has been known as Rupshi. During colonial India, the British took more than five thousand bighas of land from the Zamindar and handed it over to an American company to build an airstrip on the eve of World War II. This airstrip has since been known as Rupshi Airport. Recently, the Assam Cabinet approved the renaming of Rupshi Airport after the Bodo social reformer Gurudev Kalicharan Brahma. This paper aims to explore the history of Rupshi and the significance of constructing Rupshi Airport for military purposes. It analyzes why people have reclaimed the name Rupshi Airport and how the renaming has erased the glorious past of the place, leading to an identity crisis.

The Metamorphoses of a North African City: Colonisation and Decolonisation of Médéa (1842–1962)

Médéa, (Algeria) was (re)founded by the Zirid governor Bologhin Ibn Ziri on an ancient fortress in the 10th century. In 1842, it was conquered by the French army and underwent major modifications for military purposes and enlarged to accommodate the successive waves of European settlers, during the 132 years of occupation. In 1962, the city was reclaimed by the local population from the Europeans who had fled the country, and underwent a new era of changes and readaptation. The article retraces the spatial changes during the three periods of its urban history and provides physical evidence in the light of post-colonialism theory.

Multirotor drone noise: numerical approach for aeroacoustics and in-flight noise prediction

Nowadays, multirotor drone usage has become widespread for various purposes: amateur or professional videos, building inspection, civil security, military defense, etc. But this usage increase has also seen growing concerns about community noise annoyance in inhabited areas, acoustic detectability for security and military purposes, or remote wildlife monitoring. Predicting the drone noise can now be accurately achieved thanks to computational aeroacoustics (CAA). The present work deals with the aeroacoustic simulation and measurement of a quadcopter drone and in-flight condition prediction. The CAA simulation of a single rotor is first compared with test bench measurements in an anechoic room. Comparison for the full drone is then derived from this single-rotor comparison. Finally, the study is further extended to in-flight comparisons, in order to show that CAA simulation can help design quieter drones in real operating conditions.

Application ofcommunication approach in studying English for military purposes

The article discusses the use of communicative approach in teaching English to cadets at military universities. Today, the communicative approach is an effective way to learn a foreign language. It is focused on the communication situation. Its important advantage is the ability to overcome the language barrier.

Blurring Boundaries: An Analysis of the Digital Platforms-Military Nexus

ABSTRACT This work analyses the mutual dependence linking digital platforms, i.e., ‘Big Tech’, and the US military apparatus. Three main elements at the roots of such dependence are detected: an ‘originary linkage’ binding the development of digital platforms with governments’ military R&D efforts; the critical nature of infrastructures and technologies controlled by platforms; and their role as their government’s ‘eyes and ears’ (both at home and abroad). Focusing on the US, we first document the growing relevance of these corporations as US Department of Defense contractors. Second, we explore a selection of multi-year contracts entrusting platforms to develop and manage critical technologies and infrastructures for military purposes. Finally, we document the direct involvement of major US-based platforms in war scenarios.

Trends in the application of artificial intelligence technologies in the military and technical sphere

The role and significance of artificial intelligence technologies in the military-technical sphere are determined. The principles of using artificial intelligence technologies in the activities of the armed forces are outlined. Attention is focused on the threats and risks posed by the use of artificial intelligence in the military-technical sphere. The peculiarities of the legislative provision of the military use of artificial intelligence technologies in the USA are highlighted. Detailed aspects of the technological implementation of artificial intelligence during the execution of military tasks in the context of the American experience. The conceptual foundations of the russian use of artificial intelligence technologies of a military nature are revealed. The institutional capabilities and achievements of the russian federation in the field of technological support of the needs of the army in the field of artificial intelligence have been determined. The scope and directions of the russian army's innovative developments using artificial intelligence technologies are outlined. It has been updated that unmanned systems are singled out as a special priority for the application of technologies in the field of artificial intelligence of the russian federation. The main global trends in the use of artificial intelligence technologies in the military sphere are revealed. Further directions of improving the field of military use of artificial intelligence technologies have been identified. It was concluded that the development, introduction and approval by the world community of criteria for the responsible use of artificial intelligence for military purposes will contribute to the construction and formation of an international consensus on the responsible handling and use of artificial intelligence technologies.

Effect of Electromagnetic Wi-Fi Radiation On The Development Of Chicken Embryo

Abstract Significant technological progress in the field of wireless devices that were primarily intended for military purposes, has resulted in their common manipulation by the general population. Wi-Fi, mobile phones, and other modern devices offer many advantages to their users. On the other hand, their excessive usage creates an environmental burden, also known as electrosmog. The objective of our current study was the observation of the Wi-Fi radiation effect on the histo-logical structure of the organs in the 9-day-old chicken embryo. On day 9 of incubation, the embryological material was routinely processed for preparation of hematoxylin-eosin, picrosirius red and periodic acid Schiff stained histological sections. Radiation with a frequency of 2.4 GHz and average power density of 300 µW.m−2 applied during the entire development up to the 9th embryonic day did not fundamentally affect general organogenesis. However, in the parenchyma of organs such as the liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys, and gonads, as well as in the developing mesenchyme, obvious vascular congestion of the blood vessels of different caliber was observed. Also, an increase in collagen and glycosaminoglycans production in the cartilaginous matrix and perichondrium of the future bone skeleton as well as developing connective tissue was noted. Although these morphological changes were just subtle, they point to the Wi-Fi radiation’s ability to influence the histogenesis of the individual.

Classification, military applications, and opportunities of unmanned aerial vehicles

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are cutting-edge technologies used for military purposes world-wide at tactical, operational, and strategic levels. This study provides an overview of the history and current state of military drones, considering a global and Ecuadorian background. Then, a classification of the UAVs developed and built in Ecuador is conducted based on their endurance, altitude, and wing span to understand the national context and progress. The research also delves into the applications of UAVs in several military operations and missions, aiming to create a framework that aligns UAV capabilities with specific operational needs; this permits the identification of the challenges and opportunities the country faces. Unmanned aerial systems have changed the battlefield, and the government needs to adapt to a national strategy that incorporates this technology; this research analyzes and provides insights to improve military capabilities such as exploring modern UAV military applications, technical updates in communication, navigation, and data acquisition systems; and the integration of emerging technologies like smart materials, artificial intelligence, and electric propulsion systems. This study provides valuable insights into the Ecuadorian UAVs that enhance the country’s military operations and offer some applications and uses of this technology for national security.

Silicon Waveguide-Integrated Platinum Telluride Midinfrared Photodetector with High Responsivity and High Speed.

The detection of mid-infrared light, covering a variety of molecular vibrational spectra, is critical for both civil and military purposes. Recent studies have highlighted the potential of two-dimensional topological semimetals for mid-infrared detection due to their advantages, including van der Waals (vdW) stacking and gapless electronic structures. Among them, mid-infrared photodetectors based on type-II Dirac semimetals have been less studied. In this paper, we present a silicon waveguide integrated type-II Dirac semimetal platinum telluride (PtTe2) mid-infrared photodetector, and further improve detection performance by using PtTe2-graphene heterostructure. For the fabricated silicon waveguide-integrated PtTe2 photodetector, with an external bias voltage of -10 mV and an input optical power of 86 nW, the measured responsivity is 2.7 A/W at 2004 nm and a 3 dB bandwidth of 0.6 MHz is realized. For the fabricated silicon waveguide-integrated PtTe2-graphene photodetector, as the external bias voltage and input optical power are 0.5 V and 0.13 μW, a responsivity of 5.5 A/W at 2004 nm and a 3 dB bandwidth of 35 MHz are obtained. An external quantum efficiency of 119% can be achieved at an input optical power of 0.376 μW.

THE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNOLOGIES APPLICATION IN THE MILITARY SYSTEMS ANALYSIS

This article analyzes the use of artificial intelligence technologies in military systems. Artificial intelligence (AI) is one of the modern areas of information technology. The history of human-like mechanisms development dates back to ancient times and has gone through a complex evolutionary path from myths and legends about the first androids, mechanical chess players and other complex mechanisms with human behaviour to modern autonomous robots. The first research on AI in the modern sense began almost immediately since the appearance of the first computers. Since the late 1950s, AI researchers have been trying to create smart machines that mimic the brain. AI has become a key technology in various industries, including the military, in recent decades. Thanks to its characteristics, AI transforms traditional strategies and tactics into a military art. Various aspects of the artificial intelligence use are discussed, in particular autonomous weapons systems, forecasting and analytics, cybersecurity and strategic planning. The advantages and opportunities provided by the use of artificial intelligence by military formations are highlighted, as well as attention is drawn to the ethical and legal aspects of this issue. Artificial intelligence technologies open up new opportunities for the military in many aspects, from autonomous systems to analytics and strategic planning. However, it is also important to take into account the ethical and legal aspects of these technologies use, as well as the risks associated with their implementation. A balanced approach to the use of artificial intelligence will help ensure its effective application in military systems. The article focuses on the importance of a balanced approach to the artificial intelligence technologies use for military purposes, taking into account their capabilities and risks.

Методика балістичного планування місій низькоорбітального сервісного обслугову-вання з малою постійною тягою рушійних систем

The current stage of space exploration is characterized by an increased interest in the development, deployment, and operation of low-orbit satellite constellations (LOSC) for Earth and near-Earth space remote sensing for military and civilian purposes and for global and regional satellite communications. Reusable space launch vehicles have significantly reduced the orbital injection cost. As a result, satellite operators are developing and deploying large-scale LOSCs of various orbital structures with a large number of spacecraft. According to current estimates, more than 70% of all the operating satellites operate in low-Earth orbits (LEOs) at altitudes between 160 km and 2,000 km. Since LEO satellites are generally much cheaper than satellites in geostationary orbits, the possibility of their on-orbit servicing (OOS) has not been the focus of research. However, the use of LEO OOS has prospects for growth. Techniques for ballistic planning of LEO OOS missions have been and are being developed. The disadvantages of approximate techniques include the use of simplified flight dynamics models. Most of the existing exact techniques are based on the use of full mathematical models of flight dynamics and the shooting method to solve the boundary value problem of an orbit transfer. Using the shooting method requires a sufficiently accurate initial guess, which is difficult to determine. To obtain a second approximation, use is mainly made of optimization methods, which do not always find a global minimum. In this regard, there is a need to develop new techniques that would be free from the above disadvantages. The goal of the article is to develop a ballistic planning technique for low-orbit servicing missions with low constant thrust propulsion systems. The technique includes the identification of LEO areas promising for OOS, a mathematical model of the dynamics of perturbed OOS orbit transfers in modified equinoctial orbital elements, and a solution algorithm for the boundary value problem of determining the control parameters of perturbed OOS low-orbit transfers. The problem is solved using methods of statistical analysis, flight dynamics, shooting, genetic optimization, and mathematical simulation. The novelty lies in the identification of LEO areas promising for OOS and the development of a mathematical model of orbit transfer dynamics in modified equinoctial orbital elements and a solution algorithm for determining the control parameters of perturbed OOS low-orbit transfers. The results of the work may be used in the justification and planning of LEO OOS missions and the formulation of requirements for LEO OSS mission propulsion systems.

Peran Strategis Nikel dalam Logistik Militer dan Dukungan Industri: Tinjauan Kebijakan dan Peluang

Nickel, a critical element in defense applications, plays a strategic role in military logistics and industrial support. This paper reviews the strategic importance of nickel in military logistics, evaluates the impact of policies and regulations on nickel supply for military purposes, and explores opportunities for enhancing nickel's role in defense applications. This qualitative research study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of nickel's significance in military logistics and identify avenues for optimizing its utilization in defense systems. Using secondary data sources including academic journals, government reports, and industry publications, this study employs qualitative research methods to analyze the strategic importance of nickel, assess the influence of policies and regulations on its supply, and identify opportunities for enhancing its role in military logistics. Findings reveal the multifaceted role of nickel in defense equipment, the complexities of policies and regulations governing its supply chain, and the potential for innovation and collaboration to enhance its utilization in military applications. The novelty of this research lies in its comprehensive review of the strategic role of nickel in military logistics, the analysis of policy impacts on nickel supply, and the identification of opportunities for enhancing its role in defense applications. Keywords: military logistics, nickel, policies, regulations

Impact of Aircraft Noise and Compliance with the Use of Personal Protective Equipment on Hearing Impairment in Pilot Cadets at Indonesian Civil Pilot Academy - Banyuwangi

Noise in the workplace is a health issue in several countries. Similarly, in the aerospace industry, advanced aircraft, whether for civilian transportation or military purposes, pose risks due to exposure to aircraft noise, which passengers are continuously subjected to at relatively higher intensities and for prolonged periods. The problem of this research is to identify, reduce, and prevent the impact of aircraft noise and compliance with the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) on hearing impairment among cadet pilots at the Indonesian Aviation Academy in Banyuwangi. The research objective includes collecting medical records of 57 cadets, measuring aircraft noise levels, and conducting a questionnaire survey. The method used in this study is descriptive quantitative, with 57 respondents. Data analysis was performed to determine the compliance of cadets with PPE usage at the Indonesian Aviation Academy in Banyuwangi. The results show that the noise produced by the aircraft operated by the academy exceeds the permissible noise level (PNL), and the questionnaire results indicate low compliance with PPE usage. However, medical record data reveal that the majority of cadets still have normal hearing, with only 12.3% or 7 respondents categorized as having mild hearing impairment. These findings imply a positive and significant influence of aircraft noise level and PPE compliance on hearing impairment among trainees.

The Rapid Emergence of Autonomous Weapons (AWS) and its Ethical Challenges

Purpose: This article aims to derive ethical challenges for the Republic of Korea (ROK) military in response to the rapid emergence of Autonomous Weapons (AWS) and propose development strategies. Method: To identify previous research on AWS and ethical challenges regarding AWS in the international community, this research proposed ethical challenges and development strategies for AWS in the ROK military. Results: The ethical challenges regarding AWS in the ROK military include controllability, accountability, reliability, transparency, data management, and human rights protection. To overcome the ethical challenges associated with the development of AWS, active collaboration with not only the Ministry of National Defense but also relevant agencies, industry-academia partnerships, and other stakeholders is necessary to promote their advancement. Conclusion: The ethical issues related to the dignity of life, control over decision-making, and other aspects must be continuously improved in the process of utilizing AWS for ROK military purposes in cooperation with the international community.

THE ACTIONS OF OTTOMAN STATE TO OPEN THE PORT OF TEKİRDAG TO INTERNATIONAL TRADE (1840-1920)

Since the 1840s, the Ottoman Empire has carried out a series of activities to rehabilitate the Edirne Meriç River and Enez Port and bring them into international trade. The inspiration for these studies is the Paris Embassy Report (Sefaretname), written by Mehmet Çelebi during his Paris embassy. While the Ottoman Empire prioritized the use of rivers and lakes only for military purposes, after this date, it was faced with the fact that rivers and lakes could also be connected to international trade routes. However, the Ottoman Empire could not take the necessary steps in this regard for a long time. Among the reasons for this was that Ottoman engineers did not have the river technologies and engineering knowledge developed in European countries such as France. For this reason, Sultan Abdulmecid wanted to benefit from foreign experts. Monsieur Borel, one of the experts he invited from France, stated that although he worked on Meriç and its tributaries for a while, it would be more profitable and practical to connect the Rumelian trade routes to the newly established docks, piers and ports by opening new channels instead of improving this river. In this statement, he also gave great importance to Tekirdağı (Tekfurdağı) Port. He emphasized that if the Tekirdağ port, which was a very small port at that time, was enlarged and expanded, it would be the shortest way to transport all the goods and commodities to be produced in Rumelia to the Mediterranean and Istanbul. As a matter of fact, when Monsieur Borel's statement is examined, it is understood that Tekirdağı port can be a very busy and comprehensive port if the suggested roads and channels to be opened are built. Although river improvement works were not mentioned among the renovation works initiated by the Ottoman Empire after the Tanzimat, recent research has revealed that the Ottoman Empire had a great desire and desire to establish national and international trade routes. In this article, the works and results of the Ottoman Empire's efforts to establish and expand the Tekirdağ port and make it the busiest port in Rumelia and the Balkans between 1840 and 1920 will be emphasized using original documents.

Air Traffic Controllers' Perspectives on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Integration into Non-Segregated Airspace

The integration of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) into non-segregated airspace presents both opportunities and challenges for air traffic control (ATC). The aim of the study is to explore the perspectives of air traffic controllers on the current and anticipated challenges, workload, stress factors, performance errors, and mitigation strategies related to UAV integration. The sample consisted of 213 air traffic controllers in Türkiye. UAV operations have been available in Türkiye not only for military purposes but also for purposes such as forest fires, earthquakes, security, and others for a long time, and these UAV operations are provided with air traffic services (ATS) by air traffic controllers. The results show that air traffic controllers are concerned about mid-air collisions due to UAV technology limits and regulatory gaps, along with managing risks and unique flight characteristics. Addressing technology limitations, regulatory ambiguity, and other factors necessitates a comprehensive strategy. Solutions must prioritize collision avoidance systems, clear communication guidelines, and defined no-fly zones. It is recommended that future studies focus on the comprehensive impact of UAVs on air traffic operations and the development of regulations.

Война дронов как пример влияния самоуправляемых систем на изменение баланса сил

According to our forecasts a new, very powerful technological wave will begin, in the next 10–15 years, which we call the Cybernetic Revolution. Its final phase will begin in the 2030s. The main technological breakthroughs of the Cybernetic Revolution will lead to the emergence and widespread implementation of self-regulating systems, that is, systems capable of functioning not only in the absence (or with minimal participation) of humans, but also independently (using artificial intelligence and other innovative technologies) to accept complex solutions. Such systems already exist, but in the future we will see the emergence of many new and more advanced self-regulating systems that will be in demand in a wide range of areas of life: from medicine to the management of “smart cities.” However, in the context of the topic of the article, we are especially interested in self-regulating systems used for military purposes: drones of various types (water, land, and air), but especially UAVs, as well as robots and self-driving vehicles. The article will show how the special military operation in Ukraine accelerated the development and expanded the use of these self-regulating systems; how and why UAVs have a major impact on military tactical and strategic decisions and practices. Particular attention will be paid to the impact of drones and other self-regulating military systems on the global and regional balance of power, and to predictions of how future wars may be shaped by the development of self-regulating systems.