Military Economy Research Articles

DEMAND AND SUPPLY OF LABOR RESOURCES IN THE DEFENSE FORCES UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF THE CONCEPT OF TOTAL DEFENSE

The concept of Total Defense necessitates the mobilization of all national resources, including labor, to ensure comprehensive national security. This study examines the demand and supply dynamics of labor resources within the defense forces under the Total Defense framework. It explores how Total Defense influences recruitment, training, and retention strategies in the defense sector, particularly in the context of the Georgian Defense Forces. The analysis delves into the factors driving the demand for military and civilian personnel, such as heightened security threats and technological advancements, and evaluates the supply side, considering demographics, labor market conditions, and societal attitudes towards military service. Explores examples of total defense concepts developed by various countries, while assessing supply-side demographics, labor market conditions, and public attitudes toward military service. The interplay between these factors is critical in shaping effective human resource strategies to maintain a robust and responsive defense force. This research aims to provide insights into optimizing labor resource management to support Total Defense objectives, thereby enhancing national resilience and security readiness. Keywords: Total Defense, Military Economy, National Security, Georgian Defense Forces, Resources, Recruitment, Deterrence, Resilience.

Institutional peculiarities of the functioning of the economy of Ukraine in the conditions of martial law

The paper shows that the peculiarities of the state of war force the state to reorient its resources and attention to solving critical tasks related to ensuring national security and overcoming the consequences of war. As a result, the priorities of formation, redistribution and use of resources change, which affects the socio-economic model of the state. However, the limiting conditions for adjusting the model of the national economy in the conditions of war are: preserving its economic potential and maintaining viability, which will ensure the future development of the country and its post-war recovery. It is shown that since the beginning of the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation into Ukraine, the share of the military-industrial complex and related industries in the overall structure of the economy has increased. These changes caused significant difficulties for the economy of Ukraine, but also opened up new opportunities for adaptation and development in crisis conditions. Increasing investment in the military industry, developing new logistics routes and diversifying the economy can become part of the country's recovery and development strategies after the war. It has been proven that positive changes in regulatory and legal support, aimed at facilitating business conditions, are necessary, but not sufficient. In order to solve the fundamental problems of the loss of sales markets and opportunities for continued economic activity, strategic measures are needed, including the restoration of infrastructure, support for exporters, stimulation of business relocation and support of labor resources. It is substantiated that the institutional features of the functioning of the economy of Ukraine under martial law are related to the formation of a hybrid model, which is a synthesis of two models, namely: the model of the military economy, designed to meet military needs and vital goods and services, as well as the model of the civilian economy, designed to meet the needs of the population. A comprehensive solution to the outlined problems requires coordination of the efforts of the government, business and international partners to ensure the stability and development of Ukraine's economy in the conditions of the war and after its end, as well as to ensure its sustainable development in the future.

Military economy of modern Russia

The article examines the problems of development of the military economy taking into account historical trends. The relationship between the military and civilian sectors is shown. It is assumed, that during a military conflict spending on defense and national security should be a priority, the government controlling the distribution of the resources, goods and services through rationing. When forming a mechanism for managing military-economic activities, special attention should be given to the effective use of resources allocated for defense needs. With that, one should keep in mind the contradiction between the unlimited military needs of the state and the limited resources that can be directed at any given time for defense purposes. Since the existing mechanism for managing Russia’s military economy does not fully meet modern requirements, a radical restructuring and improvement of this mechanism is needed to solve the existing problems.

INCLUSIVE ECONOMY AND PUBLIC FINANCE: CURRENT STATE AND PRINCIPLES OF POST-WAR RECOVERY

The purpose of this study is to analyse the current state of the economy and public finances in Ukraine and to develop an inclusive and collaborative framework for their post-war recovery. The main research methods used were quantitative, qualitative and documentary analysis. Quantitative analysis was used to evaluate and compare key economic and financial indicators between different countries, as well as to identify trends, including inclusive ones, in the development of the economy and public finances. Qualitative analysis was used to study and analyse the political, social and economic factors that influence the development of an inclusive economy and public finance after conflicts. The documentary analysis was used to assess the legal and regulatory framework governing economic and financial relations in Ukraine and other countries, and to determine the capacity of the existing regulatory system to ensure inclusive post-war recovery. The results of the study, based on the study of empirical material and typologies of best practices of countries that have been in various types of conflicts, prove the need for an in-depth study of the interactions and interdependencies between the inclusive economy and public finance based on the Inclusive Growth Index and structural changes in the issues of the impact of inclusion on the ontogeny of public finance, solving problems with corruption, involvement of civil society institutions and adaptation of SMEs to the conditions of the military economy. The paper also identifies structural, fiscal and debt obstacles to ensuring the sustainability of public finances, which threatens Ukraine's further post-war recovery based on an inclusive paradigm. The authors present the key determinants of post-war recovery based on an inclusive country ranking, which should underpin further progress in public finance in the context of short-, medium- and long-term post-war goals. The study's conclusions are based on the inclusive economy paradigm, which forms an ecosystem of rationalisation of natural resources and the use of innovations, which should become the basis for post-war recovery, ensuring sustainable and balanced development of public finances and inclusive economic policy based on the Ukrainian Peace Formula. To this end, the article substantiates the need to develop a modified version of the strategy (in the tactical projection – more broadly adapted to the conditions of the wartime economy, the need to provide financial resources for the shift in economic policy from raw material orientation to inclusive development, in the medium term – anti-crisis correction of behavioural models of economic agents in the direction of imbuing the Ukraine Facility Plan for 2024-2027 with the spirit of inclusion and barrier-free access, and in the long term – achieving the goals of post-war recovery, ensuring the sustainability of public finances and the national economy) for reforming the public finance management system, which should organically include the post-war recovery of Ukraine and take into account the inclusiveness of the economy, taking into account the programmed joint evolutionary progress in the specified niche (sectoral) strategies. The new socio-economic, financial and budgetary reality coloured by the Russian-Ukrainian war makes it necessary to rethink the interactions and interdependencies between inclusion, public finance and the potential for post-war recovery, both as a result of their collaboration and multidirectional development. The unregulated transition of economic policy to inclusive development is the root cause of the current restraint of transformational changes in public finance, and further creates a regulatory "vacuum" in the unbalanced development of niche strategies that define the paradigm of inclusion and sustainability of public finance. In such a disposition, there is no logical institutional and regulatory "flow" between these strategies to the conceptualisation of Ukraine's post-war recovery from the consequences of the war, as expressed in the Ukraine Facility Plan for 2024-2027.

Poetic Baggage: Representations of Camp Followers in the Latin Verse Inscriptions

Each unit of the Roman army constituted a major logistic operation that cannot be reduced to the fighting men who formed their core and purpose. While camp followers are depicted in literary sources especially as an hindrance to war operations, inscriptions provide a different picture of the world that gravitated around the military forts and fortresses. In the military settlements that guarded the limes, the presence of paramilitary and non-military personnel did not represent a burden, but an important part of the military economy, which in some cases even led to the emergence of a new business class. In this paper, we provide an anthology of verse inscriptions dedicated by, or to, camp followers, with a view to showcase how their everyday interactions with the army were conceptualised and verbalised, ultimately contributing to a richer picture of the limes social ecosystem.

Osnovni zavdannia ta predmet viiskovo-ekonomichnoi statystyky

The main tasks and subject of military-economic statistics as a branch of statistical discipline are proposed. The main challenges and tasks of the national economic system in the conditions of a full-scale military invasion of the Russian Federation into Ukraine are characterized, as the solution which will accelerate Ukraine’s victory in the war. Emphasis is placed on the importance of the following elements of statistical management support, such as accounting, analysis, and forecasting of the vector of development, taking into account all the burdens of war. The key role in this process should be given to the state administration, including state statistics bodies, and, accordingly, to the improvement of statistical literacy at the appropriate level of competence of specialists. Definitions of such concepts as: «military economy», «economic statistics of the Armed Forces», «economic statistics», and «military-economic statistics» are given, and they are also classified and structured among themselves. It was determined that military-economic statistics is a branch of statistical science that studies the quantitative side of mass military-economic phenomena and processes in an inextricable connection with their qualitative characteristics in the conditions of a certain place and time. The subject of the study of military-economic statistics is the quantitative side of mass military-economic phenomena and processes inextricably linked with their qualitative characteristics in the conditions of a certain place and time. Accordingly, the object of the study of military-economic statistics is the quantitative side of mass military-economic phenomena and processes. The structure of this branch of statistical science can be successfully presented in the educational process of higher education institutions for students studying economic and military specialties and specializations (general and special).

Empire after Empire: Military Legacy and the Creation of Nation States

This article considers the transfer of the military imperial heritage into new hands after 1917, which was especially in demand since this transition took place in an environment of aggravated political, ethnic, and religious conflicts. The most important role in this process was played by the bearers of army practices – soldiers, officers, and generals of various nationalities. A long war was accompanied by a separation of command personnel: military leaders who had not proved their professional worth gave up leadership positions to those who had proved themselves better in leading troops. Breaking the established hierarchical patterns, the turbulence of the revolutionary era allowed many ambitious and talented military leaders to occupy high positions, which was impossible in normal circumstances. The high administrative burden that lay on the generals and officers of the Russian imperial army and the experience of running a military economy prepared them for the role of statesmen in the new states that arose from the ruins of the Russian Empire. Military reserves concentrated in front-line areas made it possible to resolve issues of material support for the national armed forces.

Investment attractiveness of Ukraine in conditions of prolonged war

The article indicates the impact of investments on the economy of Ukraine and investigates the investment potential in the conditions of a protracted war and the investment attractiveness of Ukraine in the conditions of a prolonged war. The important mechanism for stimulating investment activity, namely state support of the authorities in the form of compensation of a part of the interest rate and provision of state guarantees for loans is considered. Negative factors that significantly affected the process of attracting investments in the development of the economy, namely the development of the country and its economy in the conditions of war, are also presented; lack of protection and state guarantee mechanisms for foreign investments. Nevertheless, the main problems that concern investors when investing in the military economy have been revealed. The article describes why Ukraine remains attractive for investment in the face of a full-scale invasion and its potential in the face of a protracted war. It indicates how to ensure the stable development of investment attractiveness. The platform for potential foreign investors is mentioned, which collects more than 500 investment projects and opportunities in 10 sectors of the economy that have significant investment potential, namely: the defense industry, metallurgy and metal processing, energy, natural resources, agricultural sector, transport infrastructure, manufacturing, woodworking and furniture manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, advanced technologies. It also indicates which sector suffered the least losses from the war and retained 95% of contract volumes. This paper describes what is necessary to ensure the stable development of investment attractiveness. It is stated that Ukraine should reform its economy and improve the business environment by improving the legal system, fighting corruption, ensuring intellectual property rights and promoting entrepreneurship and innovation. Possible ways to attract investments in the conditions of a long-term war are indicated. It analyzes how Ukrainians invest during the war and which investment strategy they choose. It is noted that the agreement with the G7 and the EU on investment guarantees provides for the receipt of long-term and economically beneficial loans from international financial organizations, such as the World Bank, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, and the European Investment Bank.

PRODUCTIVE CAPACITY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINE IN THE CONDITIONS OF WAR

The article examines the state of Ukraine’s military economy and forecasts of its reconstruction. It is noted that one of the ways for a country to survive is to maintain the productive capacity of its economy, which reflects the efficient use of all resources, the quality of human capital and sustainable development. The essence and approaches to assessing the productive capacity of Ukraine, in particular according to the Productive Capacities Index (PCI), have been revealed. For the development of the European KLEMS productive capacity model, a formalized model and an approach to deepening its informational component are proposed. The factors of the “technological leap” that can be drivers of the development of productive capacity have been highlighted. The authors have proposed to consider productive capacity through the prism of sustainable development and its goals (SDGs). The “ecological footprint” has been described, which as of 2021 is 73% higher than the possibility of renewing the world’s ecosystems. The paper also covers a comprehensive approach to overcoming this risk (Twin-strategy) based on a combination of economic (but only within ecological) and social determinants of sustainable development. It has been noted that a bilateral “green” and “digital” strategy for the transition to the next stage of sustainable development (Twin Transitions for Global Value Chains) is relevant. A foresight approach to reducing gaps in the development of countries’ economies using advanced “green” technologies has been described.” It is summarized that in order to increase the productive capacity, Ukraine needs to rebuild the economy on the principles of Industry 4.0 with robotized production at “smart” factories. It has been studied that according to the Frontier Technologies Readiness Index, Ukraine belongs to the group of countries with an above-average level of the index. Recommendations on research and management of production potential for the reconstruction of Ukraine’s economy and its growth in the context of a bilateral “green” and “digital” strategy of sustainable development are given.

СОЦІАЛЬНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНА РЕЗИЛЬЄНТНІСТЬ СУБ’ЄКТІВ ГОСПОДАРЮВАННЯ В УМОВАХ НЕГАТИВНИХ ЕКСТЕРНАЛІЙ

The article identifies the key determinants that determine the socio-economic resilience of economic entities in Ukraine during the war and will determine it in the period of post-war recovery, which will allow forming criteria for its further assessment. Since the beginning of the fullscale war, Ukrainian business entities have generally demonstrated a high level of absorption and adaptive capacity in wartime. In the future, in the context of the 3-D Resilience Concept, it is important that they also have the ability to ensure transformational capacity to ensure resilience. The external determinants include various areas of support for Ukraine: military, economic, sanctions, humanitarian, diplomatic, logistical, informational, psychological, educational and cultural. The internal determinants include: the effectiveness of the internal economic policy of the State, the effectiveness of support from local governments, the commitment of the local population in the areas of active hostilities, the geographical location of economic entities, the industry affiliation of economic entities and the sensitivity of a particular industry to the development of the military economy and ensuring military resistance, the availability of labour, the availability of own working capital and minimal external borrowing, the availability of effective demand. It is proposed to develop methodological approaches, criteria and a system of indicators for assessing the level of resilience of economic entities in the face of negative externalities on the basis of the identified determinants.

Military-economic confrontation of Russia and the West in the special military operation for demilitarization/denazification of Ukraine

Subject. The article addresses Russia's sovereignty protection in the face of destructive factors. Objectives. The aim is to compare Russia and NATO member countries in terms of military potential, analyze the directions of reorganization of the Russian military economy. Methods. The study employs methods of systems analysis. Results. We established that militarily and economically, Russia turned out to be more developed. It used the sanctions pressure as an opportunity to really increase the efficiency of the entire social production. Conclusions. Only achieving the synchronization of socio-economic and military strategic planning, improving the quality of military and political and macroeconomic forecasting, with extensive use of artificial intelligence, and considering the Soviet experience in mobilization of the economy, will make it possible to ensure social progress and national security under permanent sanctions pressure.

Financial and credit support of market-oriented management of transport engineering enterprises

Purpose. To determine the priorities of the financial and credit support of transport machine building taking into consideration the needs of the national economy, state of marketing environment, and requirements of corporate management. Methodology. The information basis of the study is represented by the statistic data formed according to the classification of economic activity types KVED-2010 in terms of section C “Processing industry”, divisions 29 “Production of motor vehicles, trailers, and semitrailers” and 30 “Production of other transport means”. The research methodology involves analysis of dynamics and structure of production volumes, net profit of the transport engineering enterprises, formalization of trends, evaluation of credit capacity of the industry, and marketing and financial diagnostics. Findings. Key trends in the development of the transport machine-building market within the period of 2012–2020 are generalized: reduction of total production volumes and identification of subindustries-drivers of its growth. Structural shifts in the national economy owing to the growing specific weight of the production of motor vehicles, trailers, semitrailers in terms of prevalence of other transport means (first of all, railway and air ones) are identified. The priorities of financial and credit support of the transport machine building are specified taking into account the needs of civil national economy (railway locomotives and rolling stock, motor vehicles, air- and spacecraft, accompanying facilities) and military economy (military vehicles). To evaluate the objects of credit support, it is proposed to use a concept of credit capacity of an enterprise as its ability of accumulating banking credits on its balances in terms of certain currencies, terms, designated purpose, interest rates etc. as well as their timely servicing and payment. Originality. The scientific and methodological foundations of determining the priorities of financial and credit programme of the transport engineering enterprises are substantiated in the context of market-oriented corporate management, whose advantages are as follows (compared with the current ones): highlighting the time lags of production crisis and after-crisis renovation in the context of industries; determining structural shifts in the field of transport machine building, and identifying the economic activity types being leaders or outsiders in the sphere of financial and credit support of the expanded reproduction on this industry; defining polarization of business entities, being different in their size, according to the financial state and solvency with the focus on competitive advantages or crisis. Practical value. Proposals as for restructuring the activities of the transport engineering enterprises are substantiated basing on marketing diagnostics of the state of their internal and external environment, threats and possibilities in terms of war time, Ukraine’s getting a status of the member for the EU accession, and post-war renovation of the economy. In the framework of market-oriented management of the transport engineering enterprises, certain tendencies in the financial and credit support of their complex innovative development are substantiated.

FORMATION DIRECTIONS OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION OF STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINIAN AGRICULTURAL COMPLEX

The article mentions the importance and urgency of considering the issues of the state policy of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine, which acquires a new meaning for the military economy in the context of the rapid growth of production and export volumes during the last decade. In the conditions of a full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation, the sharp decline and destruction of industrial production and the curtailment of metallurgical exports led to the accelerated restructuring of Ukraine's economy, significantly increasing the importance of the agricultural sector in its structure and exports. It was determined that the priority of the development of the agricultural sector and rural areas is determined by the exceptional importance of the production of agricultural products and food in human life. It has been proven that the development of the policy for the development of the food industry, the implementation of target programs for the development of agriculture in order to ensure the satisfaction of the population's needs in food products are the vectors of the development of the domestic agro-industrial complex. Among the important and significant directions of the development of innovative processes, the following vectors are highlighted: technological modernization and re-equipment of the infrastructure of the agro-industrial complex; implementation of energy- and resource-saving technologies for obtaining and storing agricultural products, including; maintenance of soil fertility, development of adaptive technologies - agro-ecosystems and agro-landscapes; development of production of organic agricultural products; creation of a modern system of information and infrastructural support for innovative activities in the agricultural sector; strengthening the role of state organizations in the activation of innovative activities.

The Military Economy of Israel: How much does a global security system cost?

"The purpose of the article is to study the development of the Israel’s defence complex, determine the cost of its provision, analyse the ways to achieve high military efficiency and further prospects. The following scientific methods were used in the course of the study: historical method, rating method, analysis, synthesis, comparison method, graphical methods, method of establishing the cause-and-effect relationships. As a result of the study, it has been established the prerequisites, causes and course of the Arab-Israeli conflict, in which Israel has been developing over the past century. The place of Israel in the ranking of countries in terms of military strength was determined, and the detailed analysis of the country’s military expenditures as a percentage of its GDP was carried out. It has been compared the data obtained on the results of the countries’ region, which are actual or potential opponents of Israel, as well as individual countries of the world and the “Group of Twenty”. It has been investigated the trends of Israel’s military expenditures compared to its expenditures on the scientific-research and experimental-design works (SREDW)."

КЕЙС-МЕТОД ЯК ЗАСІБ ФОРМУВАННЯ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТЕЙ У МАЙБУТНІХ ОФІЦЕРІВ ДО ВЕДЕННЯ ВІЙСЬКОВОГО (КОРАБЕЛЬНОГО) ГОСПОДАРСТВА У ПІДРОЗДІЛАХ ДЕРЖАВНОЇ ПРИКОРДОННОЇ СЛУЖБИ УКРАЇНИ

The article covers the highlighted experience of using the case method as an element of an educational session in order to improve the assimilation of educational material during the teaching of educational disciplines of the Department of Logistics with the aim of future border guard officers’ competencies formation regarding the organization of military (ship) management in the units of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine. The research found that in order to form the competences of future border guard officers regarding the organization and management of the military (ship) economy, it is expedient to consider (to use) cases as events that actually took place in the state border protection bodies and units of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine and can be the basis for discussion during classes. The created list of circumstances related to violations of legislation in the field of financial and economic activity and their consequences gave teachers the opportunity to use them as real examples that took place in the everyday activities of state border protection bodies and units regarding the organization and management of the military (ship) economy. The analysis of scientific literature, the experience of the scientific and pedagogical staff of the Department of Logistics, consultations with active officers who carry out the organization and management of the military (ship) economy in the bodies and units of the state border protection of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine made it possible to form a list of information materials on the basis of which situational tasks can be updated for filling cases. Also, the research established that the dynamics of the possibilities of the case method during its application in the educational disciplines of the Department of Logistics will be positive if the necessary pedagogical conditions are applied, as well as criteria capable of providing future officers with the necessary competence in the organization and management of military (ship) economy in the units of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine. Key words: case method, military (ship) management, competencies, future officers, pedagogical conditions.

Adaptation of public administration to overcome critical periods for the country based on the use of mobilization measures: the historical experience of the USSR and the realities of the current time

The article deals with the use of mobilization levers in the public administration system in the crisis period for the country of the total blockade of its sanctions and the growing military confrontation of the collective West against Russia, threatening its sovereignty, with the statement of the fact of the use of special mobilization measures exclusively aimed at the realization of the goals and objectives of a special military operation. A retrospective analysis of the historical Soviet past associated with the periods of transition of the country's administration to the military economy during the large-scale electrification and industrialization of the national economy and the Great Patriotic War, led the author of the article to turn to a review and analysis of approaches to determining the essence and key features of the model of the mobilization economy.

Risk management in the strategic planning of the banking organizations activities under force majeure conditions

Methods. The methods used as the methodological basis of the study were: logical – when describing the cause-and-effect relationships between the economic activity of banking institutions and the level of riskiness of their operations, general and specific – when assessing the influence of the dynamics of macroeconomic characteristics of the development of the national economy on the functioning of banking organizations; analysis and synthesis – in the study of the main sources of risk for financial and credit organizations and the development of recommendations for the use of banking services market tools aimed at increasing the attractiveness of savings in the short- and medium-term perspective. Results. The influence of the military economy on the state of banking sector organizations is considered. The dynamics of the volume of banking assets and the number of banking organizations, as well as the volume and structure of loans granted to legal entities have been analyzed taking into account the types of enterprises. A description of the management mechanism to apply the possibilities of the refinancing system is given, as well as the sale of so-called «war bonds» to help banking organizations attract client funds. Novelty. Directions for adjusting the strategic development plans of banking organizations are proposed, which will allow to minimize the risks of conducting business operations under conditions of force majeure. A list of tools (mortgage financing, interest rate increase, opportunities to invest one's own savings in securities) is proposed, which should help to increase the deposit base of individuals and legal entities. Practical value. Recommendations for top managers have been developed, which relate to the use of banking market tools to stabilize the financial condition of banking organizations and minimize risks from their business activities.

DEVELOPED MILITARY ECONOMY AS A COMPONENT OF UKRAINE’S NATIONAL ECONOMIC STRATEGY

Purpose. The principles, strategic goals and directions of the development of the military economy in the structure of the national economy and its influence on the formation of the military-economic policy of the state to ensure its modern military-economic security have been determined. Design/methodology/approach. In the article, the author used the following methods: analysis and synthesis – to analyze modern trends and generalize their impact on the formation and development of the military economy; systemic method – to reveal the essence of the military economy through the prism of the formation of military-economic potential and national security; statistical – for ranking the most powerful armies in the world and outlining the military and economic potential of Ukraine; comparison – to determine the volume and share of military defense expenditures of a number of states and the volume of sales of weapons and military services in the world in a geographical dimension; strategizing – for the formation of strategic goals of the policy of the national economy of Ukraine; generalization – when formulating conclusions and recommendations. Based on a review of the literature, the author determined the goals of analyzing the indicators of military and defense spending among a number of countries in the world, the dynamics of sales of weapons and military services, and substantiated the main defense trends of governments and a number of enterprises of many states. The strategic objectives of the policy of the national economy of Ukraine considered by the author made it possible to form conclusions, the reliability of which is based on the interpretation of the indicators given in the analytical part. Findings. The a proven hypothesis that the level of spending on national defense makes it possible to guarantee a high level of military-economic security, which is the fundamental function of the state. This condition in the military-economic potential can be achieved only thanks to the formation of the military-economic concept of the state, which is based on its historical experience, on the study of similar concepts and practices of states with different economic models, which reflect scientific and technical achievements. Also, the requirement of the present and the future is the need to develop special components in the structure of the military economy of Ukraine: nuclear military industry; rocket engineering; aircraft construction; tank construction; shipbuilding; production of artillery systems, rocket launchers and robotic systems, hypersonic weapons, unmanned aerial vehicles, anti-ship missiles and medium and long-range ballistic missiles; production of small arms and ammunition; production of radar surveillance systems, anti-satellite technologies and weapons with artificial intelligence, etc. This will require a constant increase in the military budget and spending on scientific research, as a certain annual share of Ukraine’s GDP Practical implications. The results of this study are of interest to state authorities, business entities in the field of the defense-industrial complex, who seek to expand and modernize the sphere of the military economy, increase the innovative and technological level of military equipment, weapons and dual-purpose products in accordance with the conditions of competitive markets and ensure employment growth at military industry enterprises. In addition, the results can help scientists of higher education institutions to improve tools for expansion of innovative knowledge and build scientific potential in the field of military technologies. Originality/value. This study emphasizes the peculiarities of the formation of the military economy sector in the structure of the national economy and its impact on the investment and innovation activity of industrial enterprises that produce dual-use products. The outline of the defense trends of governments and a number of enterprises of many states made it possible to form the strategic goals of the policy of the national economy of Ukraine in the defense sphere. Provide recommendations to the authorities regarding the development of the military industry and the adoption of a number of institutional decisions at the state level.

The economic consequences of the war in the 21st century at the regional and global levels

The article examines the theoretical and practical effects of wars in the 21st century on the economy. The concept of “military economy” is highlighted. The dynamics of military expenditures are analyzed. The reasons behind and types of wars that have occurred in the past and are currently occurring are made clear. Emphasis is placed on studying the economic consequences of Russia’s war in Ukraine. The assessment of the potential of countries before the war testified and confirmed the aggressive goals of a large country that attacked a much smaller one. The war against Ukraine put the issue of preserving the independence of small countries on the agenda. The main focus of the essay is on examining the economic effects of the conflict, not just on the economies of the participating nations but also on the world economy. The instability of individual commodity markets, inflation, and migration became the main mechanisms of the war’s influence. As a result, the indicators of economic growth of many countries of the world are deteriorating. The raised questions actualize the task before the world community of finding new methods of solving the problems of wars.

НОРМАТИВНО-ПРАВОВЕ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ СЛУЖБИ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ПАЛЬНО-МАСТИЛЬНИМИ МАТЕРІАЛАМИ: АНАЛІЗ ПРОБЛЕМНИХ ПИТАНЬ ТА ПРОПОЗИЦІЇ ЩОДО ЇХ ВИРІШЕННЯ

The article is devoted to the analysis of the state of regulatory and legal regulation of the activity of the fuel and lubricant supply service of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine. The official duties of the officials of the fuel and lubricant supply service are determined by the Statutes of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, the order of the Administration of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine dated June 24, 2008 No. 544 "On the approval of the Guidelines on the provision of fuel to the bodies of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine", as well as the order of the Administration of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine of the Border Service of Ukraine dated December 21, 2020 No. 134 "On the approval of the Advisor on military (ship) management of the State Border Service of Ukraine." The review of the regulatory legal support of the fuel and lubricant supply service of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine made it possible to establish that the duties of the officials of the fuel and lubricant supply service include tasks related to: monitoring the quality and proper use of fuel, planning the necessary efficiency measures and feasibility of using and saving fuel; organization of maintenance, improvement and operation of fuel warehouses, filling stations and other subordinate fuel service facilities in accordance with current regulatory documents; ensuring proper use, maintenance and storage of technical means; organization and maintenance of accounting and reporting on fuel service; collection, delivery and proper use of spent oil products, etc. The procedure for performing these tasks must be regulated by relevant departmental acts. At the same time, the governing documents of the State Border Service of Ukraine and the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine do not define the procedure for performing the specified tasks. According to the authors, it is the task that regulates the order and conditions of storage of fuel and lubricant materials, special liquids at fuel warehouses and filling stations; tasks of fuel quality control; maintenance of technical means of the fuel and lubricant supply service are fundamentally important for the high-quality organization of the activities of state border protection units and must be regulated for the high-quality performance of official duties by officials of the State Border Service of Ukraine, who are assigned the tasks of organizing and managing the military (ship) economy.