Military University Research Articles

Survival and predictive factors of clinical outcome in patients with severe acquired brain injury.

Despite the many tools available to modern medicine, predicting the neurological and functional status of patients after severe brain injury remains difficult. This analysis evaluates the outcomes of patients with the most severe degree of cerebral function impairment. Retrospective cohort study. Patients hospitalized in the long-term Intensive Care Unit (ICU) department in the Military University Hospital in Prague between 2015-2022. We analyzed patients with severe acquired brain damage from five distinct etiologies whose initial Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score was eight or less upon admission to ICU due to neurological damage. Several parameters reflecting the patients' clinical status were evaluated. Overall survival after discharge from the ICU was calculated according to the Kaplan-Meier model with comparison between traumatic (TR) and non-traumatic (non-TR) etiologies. The analyzed cohort of 221 patients consisted of 116 patients of TR and 105 of non-TR etiology. There was no significant difference in overall survival between TR and non-TR groups. The length of hospitalization in the ICU was similar in both groups with a median of 94 days. The majority of patients had an improvement of GCS during the hospitalization with a median improvement of five points. GCS improvement occurred in the vast majority of patients regardless of TR or non-TR etiology. We did not observe a statistically significant difference in mortality or log-term neurological status between patients with severe brain injury of traumatic or non-traumatic etiology for the duration of our follow-up. The majority of patients had improved GCS, were successfully decannulated, but remained disabled with severe limitations of functional independence. The return of the patient to normal life is a rehabilitation challenge, regardless of the etiology of brain injury, and is extremely influenced by the level of development of neurorehabilitation programs in individual institutions, the severity of brain injury, and the individual motivation of the patient.

Развитие познавательного интереса к философии у курсантов в образовательном пространстве военного вуза посредством интерактивных методов обучения

The purpose of the article is to reveal the peculiarities of the development of cognitive interest in philosophy as an important condition for improving the quality of training among cadets of a military university through the didactic potential of interactive teaching methods. The authors actualize the significance within the pedagogical process of increasing cognitive interest in philosophical knowledge in the architecture of the modern military educational space as an important block in the educational activities of cadets. Scientific novelty of the research: for the first time, it is shown that interactive teaching methods as problem-reflexive models are the basis for the development of cognitive interest in philosophy as the quintessence of the humanities in an engineering and technical university. As a result of the research, the concept of “cadets’ cognitive interest” is specified; the components, levels, and sources of the development of cognitive interest are highlighted; the didactic potential of using interactive teaching methods in the process of increasing the level of cadets' cognitive interest in philosophy is revealed.

Preparation for intercultural communication as a result of readiness for intercultural communicative competence of military university cadets

Preparation for intercultural communication as a result of readiness for intercultural communicative competence of military university cadets

Системный подход в процессе воспитания правовой грамотности курсантов военных вузов

The article discusses the methodology of the research, the education of legal literacy of cadets of military universities. The author substantiates the need to use a systematic approach as a general scientific basis for solving the pedagogical problem of educating legal literacy. Based on the results of the study, elements, components, subjects, external and internal aspects and connections in the process of legal literacy education are identified. The effectiveness of the use of a systematic approach that contributes to the consideration of all aspects of legal literacy, from basic legal knowledge to the development of legal behavior and consciousness, has been updated.

Historical and legal foundations of the development of insurance in the Republic of Italy: theoretical and legal analysis

The article examines the historical and legal aspects of the development of insurance and the legal regulation of insurance relations in Italy. It is noted that the foundations of insurance relations and their legal regulation were observed in many countries of modern Europe, including Italy. It has been investigated that the first forms of insurance in Italy were observed as early as the times of the Roman Empire in the form of activities of religious societies and military colleges. It has been proven that the initial forms of insurance in the Roman Empire were built on the basis of the common interests of the participants, were non-commercial in nature and were not aimed at making a profit. It was established that from the 13th century. in Italy, there are mutual aid associations, which were created within the framework of craft guilds, which aimed to help their members in the event of certain insurance cases. It has been studied that starting from the 13th century. Italy becomes the center of marine insurance formation, centered in Genoa, Florence and Venice. The article states that the legal regulation of marine insurance was carried out in accordance with the norms specified in the Pisa Statute and other legislative acts, as well as insurance contracts that had a notarized certificate. It is noted that at the end of the 13th century. special courts were established to resolve disputes in the field of marine insurance. It has been studied that starting from the 14th century. in Italy, the formation of commercial insurance was observed, which was regulated by the Venetian Code of Marine Insurance and the Florentine Ordinance of 1523. It was analyzed that in the 15th-16th centuries. Art. in Italy, such types of insurance as dowry insurance, as well as annuities, tontines and loans, bets have become widespread. It was found that starting from the 18th century. in Italy, insurance companies are created in the form of joint-stock companies, marine insurance is provided by the Maritime Exchange Insurance Chamber, and fire insurance is developed. It is noted that since the XX century. in Italy is developing life insurance. It has been established that today Italy is one of the leading states that carries out insurance activities on the market of insurance services.

Sociological analysis of military education in Kazakhstan

Relevance. High-quality military education, which guarantees the creation of effective armed forces capable of repelling threats to national security, is one of the main factors in determining the strength and influence of a state in the international arena. Purpose. The purpose of the study was to determine the features and specifics of military education in Kazakhstan by studying the activities of military educational institutions and departments in large cities of the country. Methodology. The study used system-analytical method, with the help of which it became possible to consider the basic characteristics of the military education system in Kazakhstan; and the historical method, facilitating the analysis of the process of training in military specialities over time. Results. The determining factors and prerequisites for the formation and development of the independent armed forces of the Republics of Kazakhstan were identified and the state's military education system was characterized at all levels, from school to postgraduate education and advanced training courses. Key points in the processes of transformation of state military education were identified, in particular regarding the reorganization of a number of higher military institutions and the creation of a state higher educational institution � National University of Defence of the First President of the Republic of Kazakhstan � Elbasy. The effectiveness of the military sector was measured using qualitative and quantitative indicators. Additionally, the main military specialities and faculties offered in higher educational institutions in major cities were listed. Conclusions. This study covered the main directions, issues, tasks, and methods of the educational process in Kazakh military universities. It also examined the development of military education in Turkey and Russia, identifying key factors affecting their educational systems. The findings and conclusions can serve as a practical foundation for enhancing national programs to train military specialists in Kazakhstan and other countries. Keywords: army training; higher education institutions; specialized departments; military science; national security

WAYS TO OPTIMIZE REGULATION OF SOCIAL ADAPTATION MANAGEMENT FOR CADETS

Research objective. The article examines the issues of regulating the management of social adaptation of cadets of higher military schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. Young people entering higher military educational institutions (military universities) not only change the level of the educational institution, as higher military education requires significantly higher levels of autonomy, personal responsibility, and self-organization, along with motivation to study more complex and difficult professional areas of knowledge, but also the social environment. During their training in military universities, cadets pass through a stage of forming the main professional characteristics of social adaptation. It is during this period that the institutional development of the university’s activities to support students in socio-psychological support of the processes of their adaptation and regulation of its management in the university occurs. Such an institutional system should include, at least, three aspects of the development of the system for managing the social adaptation of a cadet and its regulation - goal setting, processes and structures. The article concludes on the expediency of solving the problem of institutional development of adaptation through the creation of a monitoring and regulation service for managing the social adaptation of cadets.

POLISH MILITARY-CIVILIAN CONTINGENT IN INTERNATIONAL OPERATION OF PEACE SUPPORT SFOR IN BOSNIA AND HERCEGOVINA

The paper presents questions of engagement of the Polish Military-civilian Contingent (PMC) in NATO stabilisation operation in Bosnia and Hercegovina in the frame of peace supporting operation SFOR. Genesis of creation of SFOR and its mission, general tasks and composition is presented. Participation of the Polish contingent in operation of IFOR is generally presented with tasks, and compositions and components of the operational and logistic support acquired by the Polish personnel. Moreover an attempt was made to answer a question about specificity of performed tasks and challenges encountered by the SFOR PMC. The paper uses among others original documents and results of unique studies conducted by author in the zones of stabilisation operation in Bosnia and Hercegovina. The paper may be interesting for researchers of national and international security, and academical circles (teachers and students) of military and civilian universities, and activists of government and nongovernment organisations involved in rendering the assistance in regions of military conflicts and after their termination.

Прогнозирование стагнации профессионально-личностного развития специалистов на основе информационной стресс-интолерантности

The article is devoted to the study of the problems of forecasting the stagnation of professional and personal development of future representatives of law enforcement agencies and doctors based on an assessment of information stress tolerance. The following methods were used: expert survey and psychological testing (questionnaire for assessing the severity of stagnation of professional and personal development; methodology for diagnosing information stress tolerance). The sample consisted of 298 people (students of the Tver State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, cadets of the Military University of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. Prince A. Nevsky and the Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia named after V.Ya. Kikot, police officers). It is shown that the stagnation of professional and personal development of specialists is largely determined by such a personal factor as information stress tolerance, which includes «Information activity», «Information skepticism», «Information illegibility», «Sensitivity to information stress», «Generalization of stressful information», «Stress regulation of behavior», «The intensity of the value conflict under stress». In the absence of trends towards stagnation in development among students of modern Russian universities, some features of its determination have been established. Thus, students (future doctors) are distinguished by an increased and sustained desire to obtain personally significant information and information sensitivity. At the same time, under the influence of intensive informational and psychological influence, both students and cadets do not have a revision of interests, motives and goals of life, i.e. students «live an ordinary life». Linear regression models for assessing «Stagnation of professional and personal development», «Loss of motivation for self-realization», «Awareness of stagnation in work» based on particular indicators of information stress non tolerance of specialists are proposed and tested. The approach makes it possible to improve the methods of psychological prevention and support of specialists in terms of overcoming stagnation phenomena at the personal level, as well as countering negative informational and psychological influence.

Dynamics of Body Component Composition Indicators in Males During Studying at the Military Medical University

The study of anthropometric indicators and body composition of various categories of the population makes it possible to monitor physical development, conduct health assessments and timely development of preventive measures. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the dynamics of indicators of the component composition of the body of military university cadets during the training period from 1st to 6th year. Material and methods. 387 male cadets (the same persons) were examined during the period of their studies in 1-6 courses. The component composition of the body was studied using bioimpedance measurements. Results. It has been shown that during the first two courses of study (persons 17-18 years old) there is an increase in muscle mass of the trunk by 13.8%, muscle mass of the upper extremities - by 11.4% and lower extremities - by 6.1%, which is explained by the presence intense physical activity. Moreover, during the first year of study, a slight increase in the fat component of the body is determined (5.4%). In the third and fourth years of study, there is a stabilization and slowdown in the growth of the formed muscle and fat masses of the trunk and limbs, characteristic of the transition period from adolescence to adulthood. These trends continued to increase throughout the 5th year of study, but the level of basal metabolism did not change significantly throughout the study. In the 6th year, in relation to the time of admission to university, a general increase in the muscle component of the torso was established by 17.2%, muscle mass of the upper extremities - by 15.8%, and lower extremities - by 9.6%. Over 6 years of study, the fat content in the torso increased by 8.2%, the fat mass of the upper and lower extremities - by 7.5% and 8.0%, respectively, and the level of visceral fat increased by 9.3%. The vital volume of the lungs increased by 12.2% compared to the beginning of the 1st course. Conclusion. The above transformations are obviously due to the continued growth of a healthy organism. Reduced adaptive changes during the training period can be corrected by increasing physical activity, diet and caloric intake.

Studying the Effectiveness of Shaped Charge Jets Created by Graphene-containing Shaped Charge Liners

The paper presents selected results of studies conducted within the framework of the following research project: “Use of graphene and new multilayer explosive technologies in materials for shaped charge liners" (The National Centre for Research and Development in Poland: project No: DOB-BI08/03/01/2016). This study was performed by a consortium made up of the following entities: Institute of Precision Mechanics, Military University of Technology and the Mototechnika company (Poland). The main objective of the performed experiments was to test the effectiveness of shaped charge liners produced with the use of powder metallurgy methods, from mixtures containing copper powder and graphene-coated copper powder. The content of the latter equaled 0%, 1%, 5% and 10%, respectively. Shaped charge jets created with the use of liners made from the powder mixtures tested were recorded with the help of X-ray technology. Firing tests were conducted against steel barriers and the depth of penetration was determined. The obtained results showed that the addition of graphene powder to pure copper powder practically does not increase the depth of penetration of the shaped charge jet compared to scenarios in which sintered liners without this additive were used.

Correlation between communicative qualities and stress resistance of military university cadets

Correlation between communicative qualities and stress resistance of military university cadets

Career and value orientations of cadets of a military university and future specialists of the railway industry: a comparative analysis

Career and value orientations of cadets of a military university and future specialists of the railway industry: a comparative analysis

Ефективність методики навчання спортивному орієнтуванню курсантів спеціальності артилерійська розвідка з урахуванням змагальної діяльності спортсменів-орієнтувальників

Success in a modern fast-paced and maneuverable battle requires the use of high-precision weapons, the effectiveness of which is possible with the use of satellite navigation systems, unmanned aerial vehicles, etc. At the same time, the experience of combat operations on the territory of Ukraine has shown that even if they cannot be used, and sometimes even in their absence, the ability to navigate with a conventional map is an important condition for the successful completion of a combat mission. The purpose of the study is to experimentally investigate the effectiveness of the methodology for teaching orienteering to cadets majoring in artillery intelligence, taking into account the requirements of competitive activity in the conditions of real training and competitive process of orienteering athletes. Material and methods of the research. To solve the tasks, we organized and conducted a pedagogical observation to determine the arsenal of means and methods of physical training of orienteering cadets in the process of studying at a military university and a pedagogical experiment to test the effectiveness of the physical training program for cadets majoring in artillery intelligence. There were 20 respondents, including 10 men of the artillery intelligence specialty with a minimum level of orienteering training (EO) and 10 male athletes who have been involved in orienteering for 2–3 years. The respondents are 18-25 years old (average age – 20.8±0.2). Results. It has been established that during the experiment there was a significant increase in the cadets’ fitness indicators compared to the beginning of the study. At the end of the study, the level of training of artillery cadets differs from athletes of the KMU and MSU level at a distance (sprint in the city by 28.9 %; sprint in the park by 37.7 %; extended distance in the forest by 26.4 %). Conclusions. The conducted research and analysis of the results showed that the level of preparedness of cadets specializing in artillery reconnaissance was significantly reduced compared to the beginning of the training process. At the end of the experiment, the training process was aimed more at developing endurance than at developing speed, which is important for performing tasks in real combat operations, and the cadets’ technical skills in map reading, which is necessary for their specialty of artillery reconnaissance, increased.

Features of the Relationship between Volitional Regulation and Leadership Qualities among Cadets of a Military University: Theoretical Excursion

The article presents attempts to analyze the relationship between volitional regulation and leadership potential among cadets of higher military institutions, identifies the problem of the lack of scientific work on this topic, provides a theoretical analysis of the concepts of volitional regulation and leadership, as well as their importance for cadets to develop according to the requirements of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation for successful professional activity. The specifics of studying at a military university are outlined. The importance of volitional regulation and leadership potential in their interrelation and in the context of further military service and career among graduates of military universities is analyzed.

Модель социокультурной адаптации иностранных курсантов военных вузов в современных теориях миграции

The article is devoted to the substantiation of the author’s model of foreign cadets’ entry into the environment of Russian military universities in the conditions of globalization. The relevance of the presented problematics is connected with the radical opposition of the available theoretical models of adaptation in the practice of military universities. One of them reflects the tendency to adaptation, the conditions of which are set by radical re-quirements of military discipline, ideas about military brotherhood, and the task of educating patriots of their states, while the other one calls for the protection and preservation of the individuality of cadets of different na-tionalities. The authors propose a solution to these contradictions, which can lead to the confrontation between “their own” and “strangers”, in the context of synthesizing the provisions of the theory of transculturalism and “segmental assimilation”, which have not been previously applied to explain the problems of adaptation of for-eign cadets in Russian universities. The article presents a model of sociocultural adaptation of foreign cadets in the host space of a military university as a continuous interaction of different individuals, groups of ethnic and religious cultures, as well as Russian military and global cultures. The difference of the presented understand-ing is the belief in the mutual influence exerted on each other by the participants of the transcultural polylogue, which leads within the framework of a military university not to full assimilation, but to segmental fusion and mutual changes.

Welcome to AI Matters 10(1)

Welcome to the first issue of the AI Matters Newsletter in 2024! This issue will start with a conference report by Dr. Louise A. Dennis. This report particularly summarizes the awarded papers and keynote speeches at HRI 2023, AAMAS 2023, ICAIL 2023, and more! Dr. Richard G. Freedman from Smart Information FlowTechnologies (SIFT) will then present us an exciting, upcoming challenge - the 2025 EAAI Mentored Undergraduate Research Challenge: Playing Word Association Games. Finally, this issue will end with a book review written by Dr. David S. Rogers at the American Military University. In this review article, Dr. Rogers introduced us a new book, titled "Understanding Large Language Models: Learning Their Underlying Concepts and Technologies", recently written by Thimira Amaratunga and published by Apress.

SYSTEMIC FEATURES OF INNOVATION DEVELOPMENT IN THE USA

Due to the importance of innovations as a factor for economic growth and competitiveness, ensuring their sustainable development is a universal task for the country. The most intense race for innovation is observed among countries striving for global dominance. This article is dedicated to the study of the specific features of innovation development in the United States, where innovative potential has become one of the cornerstones of their economic strategy and a key driver of their success. The United States has significant distinctions from other countries in terms of culture, institutions, economic organizations, economic regulation, etc., which together create the basic conditions for innovation and require consideration. The focus on innovation development in the United States is driven by intensified competition with other global players, particularly from China.The main goal of the research is to summarize and characterize the systemic features of innovation development in the United States, as well as to identify the key factors intensifying innovation productivity in the country.The study of the systemic features of innovation development in the United States covered the analysis of 1) civilizational factors; 2) institutional system; 3) economic system; 4) innovation system; 5) state innovation policy. The main factors intensifying innovation productivity in the United States were identified as the combination of entrepreneurial and large-scale capitalism, venture capital investment, and territorial agglomerations of innovative structures. The need to consider the peculiarities of innovation generation in the military sector, universities, and non-profit organizations has been justified. The strength of the United States innovation system has been statistically demonstrated, however, the increasing competition in science and innovation from China has been confirmed. This has led to the intensification and change in the type of state innovation policy in the United States, with a focus on targeted support for innovation in industry in the context of the green transition.

Higher military education as a determinant for developing leadership qualities of future military specialists

Purpose: to give theoretical substantiation of the pedagogical conditions and model for developing leadership qualities of future military specialists within the system of higher military education.
 Method: system analysis, systematization, classification and generalization of scientific and methodological literature.
 Findings: within the study, we defined the organizational and pedagogical conditions for developing leadership qualities of future military specialists in the system of higher military education; on their basis, we built a model for developing military university cadets' leadership qualities; within the structure of the model, we focused on leadership components that require a balanced and interconnected development in the training process; highlighted the system-forming factors of the development of leadership qualities of military specialists.
 Future research: study the possibilities of enhancing the cadets' leadership qualities in the course of the extracurricular activities.
 Paper type: theoretical.

Мультилингвальная интерактивная обучающая система для подготовки военнослужащих стран ОДКБ

The article delves into the interactive possibilities of innovative learning technologies that allow to ensure the formation of communicative competence of foreign cadets of military universities of the Russian Federation. In addition, the work gives the justification of multilingual representation of learning systems and outlines the op-tions for their application in preparation for lectures and laboratory works. The research describes the levels of interactivity and key characteristics of innovative learning technologies that ensure the realization of the Con-cept of development of electronic information and educational environment of military higher education institu-tion, approved in 2020. The fragment of the multilingual interactive learning system presented in the article is designed for the military personnel of the CSTO countries and can be implemented in the process of conduct-ing joint classes with this category of people. Such a system can serve as a component of the electronic infor-mation and educational environment and be used in the process of independent training of foreign military personnel.