Civil-military Integration Research Articles

Thoughts on the Designs, Applications, Trends, and Challenges of Underwater Observation Information Systems

Promoting the creation of functional underwater observation information systems is an urgent priority for China's national maritime defense, its ability to preserve its maritime rights, and marine disaster prevention and management. It is also an requirement of civil-military integration development to fulfill the overlapping missions of the Chinese military and civil government agencies. This paper reviews the current state of affairs and the ongoing trends in the field of underwater observation information systems in China and abroad. This study analyzes the problems faced by researchers and users in the development of underwater observation informa- tion system. The paper concludes by proposing a strategic goal, identifying the key projects and making policy recommendations for underwater observation information systems for stakeholders to consider.

Correspondence: Secrecy, Civil-Military Relations, and India's Nuclear Weapons Program

Correspondence: Secrecy, Civil-Military Relations, and India's Nuclear Weapons Program

Choice and Practice of the new transform moed of science and technology achievemevts of military medicine

With the development of civil military integration,military scientific research institu tes are facing the challenge of constructing a new mode of translating scientific and technological achievements into practice and enhancing translational efficiency.This paper began with the evolution of translation mode in military institutes and discussed the flaws and insufficiency of current mode,then a triple helix translation mode,which encompass government,industry and research,was introduced and fully explained for future reference. Key words: The miliary scientific research institution; Achievement transformation Pattern; Practice

Study on the Disposal for Retired or Scrap Weaponry and Equipment

The US Army’s disposal situations about the retired or scrap equipment are discussed. Primary methods are as follow, establishing the Defense Reutilization and Marketing Service (DRMS), setting up Aeronautical Maintenance and Recycle Center, founding a “Shadow Fleet” by retired fleet and ships, carrying on equipment remanufacture program, implementing contractor support. And then, the essay analyzes its characteristics such as paying close attention, perfecting mechanism, integrated management, disposing in time, classifying, using modern techniques, civil-military integration, etc. Finally, its enlightenments are mainly discussed, in current circumstance, paying more attention to dispose the retired or scrap equipment, whole-system whole-life and whole-goal optimization design especially considering the disposal at the designing phase, developing and innovating the technologies of reutilization, taking the development path of civil-military integration type are the inevitable trends.

How to train creative researchers in proteomics: our experience

We here systematically summarize our practice and its effectiveness in the creation and development of the discipline proteomics in Academy of Military Medical Sciences,and the establishment of a system for identifying and training talented researchers in proteomics.The methods we used to train the researchers and to develop a vigorous team are discussed.These practices contributed much to the development of proteomics in China. Key words: Innovative talent; Training system; Proteomics; Research and education; Civil-military integration

The Chinese Aviation Industry: Techno-Hybrid Patterns of Development in the C919 Program

The C919 program is representative of China's broader approach to advancing its aviation industry: dependence on foreign partnerships alongside investment in indigenous development. We find that this approach most closely fits the techno-hybrid model of technological development. This combination of techno-globalism and techno-nationalism is also found in the Aviation Industry Corporation of China's (AVIC) concept of indigenous innovation, macro strategy and structure, the controversy surrounding the recently revealed J-20 stealth fighter, and Chinese views of the potential for civil–military integration to aid in the development of a military airlifter. Truly indigenous development remains aspirational at this time, and the technological barriers that have caused China to depend upon international suppliers for the C919 project are also expected to inhibit domestic innovation and limit its impact on global aviation markets.

Civil-Military Integration: The Politics of Outsourcing National Security

The post 9/11 environment has been characterized by domestic policy actors being incorporated into a globalizing defense industrial sector through the concept of civil-military integration. From administration to administration, the push for increased civil-military integration has spread beyond its original boundaries and has reached the frontlines of the American military. This begs the question, can the market-driven logic of the commercial sector be integrated into the objectives and values of the noncivilian, military sector? More precisely, is civil-military integration the appropriate solution to the post 9/11 strategic shift? The purpose of this study is not to address the detailed merits or limitations of the increased reliance on private contractors. Rather, this study’s primary focus is to examine the policies that set into motion and continue to promote the cornerstone of civil-military integration: strategic outsourcing. This study argues that in today’s threat environment, the extent of civil-military integration poses unique challenges for U.S. strategic policy. With contactors on the battlefield, basic doctrinal issues emerge. The most basic of these is the notion that in a war zone military members are asked to risk their lives for their country. But, while people are willing to risk their lives for their country, they may not be willing to risk their lives for their company.

Success in Kashmir: a positive trend in civil–military integration during humanitarian assistance operations

The modern cast of disaster relief actors includes host nations, non-governmental organisations, private volunteer organisations, military organisations and others. Each group, civilian or military, has valuable skills and experiences critical to disaster relief work. The goal of this paper is to supplement the study of civil-military relief efforts with contemporary anecdotal experience. The paper examines the interaction between US military forces and other disaster relief actors during the 2005 Kashmir earthquake relief effort. The author uses direct observations made while working in Pakistan to contrast the relationships and activities from that effort with other accounts in prevailing scholarly disaster literature and military doctrine. Finally, this paper suggests that the Kashmir model of integration, coordination and transparency of intent creates a framework in which future humanitarian assistance operations could be successfully executed. Recommendations to improve civil-military interaction in future relief efforts will also be addressed.

Between reluctance and necessity: the utility of military force in humanitarian and development operations

The civil-military interface in peace support operations is changing due to increasingly overlapping tasks, increased military involvement in humanitarian activities, and increased integration of all involved actors, not least through various current strategic concepts. This article not only describes these trends, but also, more importantly, analyses certain consequences in terms of mission effectiveness. The focus of the analysis is the ideas of ‘militarisation of humanitarian aid’ and the reverse ‘humanitarianisation of the military’. The main arguments of this contribution are that the assumptions of increased effectiveness stemming from civil-military integration cannot be taken for granted and that there are harmful consequences stemming from blurring the lines between civilian, humanitarian and military actors. There is, in other words, a need to better specify and explain the causal mechanisms that lead to effectiveness in complex peace support operations.

Chinese civil-military relations: the transformation of the People's Liberation Army

Introduction 1. The Chinese Army in Domestic Politics: Factors and Phases 2. China's Evolving Civil-Military Relations: Creeping Guojiahua 3. Deferring to National Interest: Arms Control and Civil-Military Relations in China 4. Civil-Military Dynamics in Chinese Defense Industry and Arms Policy: An Approaching Tipping Point 5. Sorting Out the Myths about Political Commissars, You Ji 6. Servant of Two Masters: the PLA, the People, and the Party, Dennis J. Blasko 7. Company Province: Civil-Military Relations in Xinjiang, Yitzhak Shichor 8. China's Expenditure for Militia and People's Armed Police 9. The PLA and its Changing Economic Roles: Implications for Civil-Military Relations 10. Dual-Use Technologies, Civil-military Integration, and China's Defense Industry.

The strategic culture of the European Union: a progress report

This article re-examines the EU's character and potential as a strategic actor, setting that analysis in the context of the debate on strategic culture. The definition of strategic culture as the political and institutional confidence and processes to manage and deploy military force, coupled with external recognition of the EU as a legitimate actor in the military sphere, lends itself to a reappraisal around four core questions. First, military capabilities: establishing a European strategic culture is vital in order to rationalize the acquisition of capabilities necessary for the range of humanitarian and peacekeeping tasks envisaged. Equally, without military capabilities, all talk of a strategic culture would ring hollow. This article discusses how much closer the EU has come to acquiring those essential capabilities. Second, while the EU has gained significant experience of, albeit limited, military/policing experiences and established a growing reputation and some credibility for ad hoc action, to what extent and in what quarters have these experiences engendered a sense of reliability and legitimacy for autonomous EU action? Third, given that so far operations in the Democratic Republic of Congo and the Balkans have depended on an integrated civil–military effort, do the policy-making processes of the EU now ensure the appropriate level and depth of civil–military integration? Finally, considering that EU operations have been limited in time and scope, and that much of the EU's work in the Balkans has depended upon cooperation with NATO, what can be said of the evolving relationship between the EU and NATO?

Why a Revival of the U.S. Economic Hegemony? : Implication of the Civil-Military Integration Strategy(PAPERS READ AT THE AUTUMN CONFERENCE SYMPOSIUM, 1999 : The Japanese Depression of the 1990s in Global Historical Perspective)

Why a Revival of the U.S. Economic Hegemony? : Implication of the Civil-Military Integration Strategy(PAPERS READ AT THE AUTUMN CONFERENCE SYMPOSIUM, 1999 : The Japanese Depression of the 1990s in Global Historical Perspective)

Maintaining the Military Districts: Civil—Military Integration and District Soldiers' Boards in the Punjab, 1919–1939

The vital importance of the Indian Army as the guardian of the imperial order in India was never more evident than during the interwar years. The period from 1919 to the outbreak of the Second World War in 1939 was a testing time for the Raj; state authority was being challenged by a mounting nationalist movement, and public order was frequently disrupted by civil disobedience campaigns, as well as recurrent outbreaks of communal violence. In maintaining public order the colonial state had always been prepared to rely on that ultimate guarantee of its authority and power–the Indian Army. However, in frequent discussions of the deployment of the military in 'aid of civil power', the continued loyalty of the bulk of the army the Indian soldiers and officers, was never questioned, and seemed to be taken for granted.2 Yet, both the Government of India and the to be taken for granted.2 Yet, both the Government of India and the Army Headquarters were well awar that the 'loyalty' of the Army could never be guaranteed, and that it was conditional upon a stable and pacified recruiting base; if that base were to be 'subverted', then the Indian Army, or portions of it, would not only cease to be of use as an instrument of state power, but could ultimately pose a threat to the Raj itself

Conservation, integration and foreign dependency: Prelude to a new economic security strategy

With dramatic changes in the international environment, and the resulting substantial defense budget reductions, defense planners are being forced to grabble with old problems in new ways. The intractability of efforts to foster industrial conversion, and the cumulative record of acquisition reform, are leading toward a consensus about relying more heavily on the commercial sectors of the economy to meet defense requirements. Carrying through with a policy of civil-military integration (CMI) will require a concept of economic security that is more internationally oriented than is traditional for the Department of Defense (DOD) and, at the same time, accommodates very real concerns about foreign dependency. New analatical approaches will be required to help focus attention on high-risk foreign dependencies. One such approach —the Foreign Vulnerability Index (FVI) — is developed here. Its strengths and weaknesses are discussed.