Mild Steel In Acidic Solution Research Articles

Exploitation of a new green inhibitor against mild steel corrosion in HCl: Experimental, DFT and MD simulation approach

Origanum Compactum Benth Aqueous extract (OCAqE) have been analysed and investigated as green corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in acid solution (1 M HCl). The analysis of Origanum Compactum Benth Aqueous extract was performed using HPLC-UV-ELSD-MS. Electrochemical techniques, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), and mass loss were performed and showed that OCAqE is mixed type inhibitor and acts by adsorption on metal surface. OCAqE showed good inhibition efficiency of 92% at a concentration of 0.4 g/L. The adsorption mode of OCAqE on mild steel surface follow Langmuir isotherm. Surface analysis (SEM) of mild steel specimen has shown the decrease in surface deterioration after addition of OCAqE inhibitor to the HCl solution. Density functional theory (DFT) and Molecular dynamics (MD) have been introduced in order to carry out a more rigorous theoretical treatment of the inhibitive performance. The comparative study based on the low-energy electronic structures shown that the trend of inhibition potentials of the major compound of this extract depend on the effect of molecular structure on the electron donating/accepting ability.

Potential of zinc based-graphene oxide composite coatings on mild steel in acidic solution

This study introduces varying concentrations of graphene oxide (GO) as a filler into zinc chromate in forming composite coatings to improve the corrosion protection of mild steel. The purity of synthesized GO was inferred through the application of complementary characterization techniques, including FT-IR, XRD, Raman, SEM-EDX, and TEM analyses. GO doped zinc chromate coatings were deposited on the surface of mild steel through the brushing method. Electrochemical studies, i.e., electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization (PD) were conducted to elucidate the anticorrosion properties of the coated mild steel exposed to 0.5 ​M HCl solution. It was revealed that the highest anticorrosion protection was attained at low doping amount of 0.5% of GO with a corrosion rate of 0.036 mpy. Surface analyses revealed that incorporating GO into zinc chromate coating can effectively improve the anticorrosion properties and adhesion strength.

Theoritical evaluation of Citrus Aurantium leaf extract as green inhibitor for chemical and biological corrosion of mild steel in acidic solution: Statistical, molecular dynamics, docking, and quantum mechanics study

Citrus Aurantium extract consists of many compounds such as Alpha terpineol (AT), Linalool (LI), Linalyl acetate (LA), and Monoterpene hydrocarbons (MH) that suggested as corrosion inhibitors in the ground and protonated states. The current study included treatment of the corrosion process caused by the aggressive ions and/or Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans bacteria (A. ferrooxidans) through Density Function Theory (DFT). The autodock process was carried out by the Molecular Graphic Laboratory (MGL) and Discovery Studio Visualizer (DSV) software. The bond length, angles, and dihedral were measured to present the adsorption sites of molecules. Also, the HOMO, LUMO, dipole moment, energy gap, and more parameters were used to compare the efficiency of the inhibitors. Total Electron Density (TED) and Electrostatic Surface Potential (ESP) were used to show the sites of adsorption according to electron density. Fukui function used to present the ability of atoms to donate and receipt electrons. Binding energy (Eb) was used to test the inhibition ability of A. ferrooxidans by docking calculations. DFT showed that the order of corrosion inhibition was MH > LI > LA > AT, while bio-corrosion inhibition of A. ferrooxidans was AT > MH > LA > LI. Statistical analysis was used to correlate quantum chemical parameters with inhibition efficiency. A significant model was obtained with a 0.98 correlation coefficient. The calculated inhibition efficiency was compared with the experimental one.

Synthesis of Water Soluble Chitosan Inhibitor from Shrimp Shells and its Corrosion Rate on Mild Steel in Acidic Solution

<span>Synthesis of WSCI (Water Soluble Chitosan Inhibitor) </span><span>from shrimp shell waste is carried out through demineralization, deproteination, and deacetylation processes. WSCI is obtained from monomer termination and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> assistance. WSCI was characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and the degree of deacetylation was determined using the baseline method. The effect of adding WSCI to low carbon steel SS400 with a 1 M HCl corrosive environment was studied using the weight loss method at various concentrations and temperatures. The overall results of the research show that WSCI synthesis used in the prevention of corrosion have an inhibition efficiency of up to 74.6% at a concentration of 200 ppm at a temperature of 28<sup>o</sup>C. Inhibition efficiency and corrosion rate are known to increase with increasing WSCI concentration and corrosion rate decreasing with increasing temperature.</span>

Effect of OH, NH2 and OCH3 groups on the corrosion inhibition efficacy of three new 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazole derivatives on mild steel in acidic solutions: Experimental, surface and DFT explorations

Three new imidazole derivatives namely,4-(4,5-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)phenol (IM1), 4-(4,5-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzenamine (IM2), 2,4,5-tris(4-methoxy phenyl)-1H-imidazole (IM3) were synthesized using microwave irradiation method. The noteworthy highlights of this method are safe reaction profiles, broad substrate scope, short run time, catalyst-free, excellent yields, economical, solvent-free, and simple workup conditions. The structural characterization of all the imidazole derivatives has been confirmed by 1HNMR and mass spectral techniques. The corrosion inhibition potential of all the imidazoles was explored using weight loss and electrochemical methods. The imidazole derivative (IM1) bearing a hydroxyl group exhibited maximum corrosion inhibition efficiency compared to other imidazoles (up to 96%). Strong adsorption of studied imidazole molecules followed the Langmuir model with very good correlation coefficients. The calculated Gibbs free energy of adsorption values suggested the mixed type of adsorption (physisorption and chemisorption). The polarization measurements indicated studied imidazole derivatives as mixed types of corrosion inhibitors. Further, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), XPS and XRD were performed to study the surface morphology of Mild steel (MS) surface. Quantum chemical calculations (DFT) was used to prove the obtained inhibition efficiencies (η %).

Efek Sinergetik Ekstrak Daun Jambu Bol (Syzygium malaccense) dan Iodida terhadap Korosi Baja dalam Larutan Asam

Research on the synergistic effect of jambu bol leaves extract and iodide on the corrosion of mild steel in acid solution has been carried out by weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization measurements, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) characterization. The inhibition efficiency increased with increasing iodide concentration and temperature. The highest inhibition efficiency was 92.05% in inhibitor of 5 g / L jambu bol leaves extract with the addition of 0.08 g / L of iodide. Adsorption of jambu bol leaves extract and iodide following the Langmuir isotherm adsorption. Potentiodynamic polarization measurements show the combination of jambu bol leaves inhibitor and iodide was a type of mixture inhibitor in hydrochloric acid solution. The synergistic effect of guava bol extract and potassium iodide was studied using thermodynamic and kinetic parameters.
 
 Keywords: Jambu bol leaves, corrosion inhibitor, weight loss, synergistic effect, Langmuir isotherm

Chromeno-carbonitriles as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in acidic solution: electrochemical, surface and computational studies.

Three novel N-hydrospiro-chromeno-carbonitriles namely, 2-amino-7,7-dimethyl-1′,3′,5-trioxo-1′,3′,5,6,7,8-hexahydrospiro[chromene-4,2′-indene]-3-carbonitrile (INH-1), 3-amino-7,7-dimethyl-2′,5-dioxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrospiro[chromene-4,3′-indoline]-2-carbonitrile (INH-2) and 3′-amino-7′,7′-dimethyl-2,5′-dioxo-5′,6′,7′,8′-tetrahydro-2H-spiro[acenaphthylene-1,4′-chromene]-2′-carbonitrile (INH-3) were synthesized using the principles of green chemistry and applied as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in acidic medium using computational simulations and experimental methods. Experimental and computational studies revealed that inhibition effectiveness of the INHs followed the sequence: INH-3 (95.32%) > INH-2 (93.02%) > INH-1 (89.16%). The investigated compounds exhibit mixed-type corrosion inhibition characteristics by blocking the active sites on the surface of mild steel. EIS study revealed that the INHs behave as interface-type corrosion inhibitors. EDX analyses supported the adsorption mechanism of corrosion inhibition. A DFT study carried out for gaseous and aqueous forms of inhibitor molecules indicated that interactions of INHs with the mild steel surface involve charge transfer phenomenon or donor–acceptor interactions. A Monte Carlo (MC) simulation study revealed that only a fractional segment of the molecule lies parallel to the steel surface, since the INH molecules are not completely planar. The results of computational studies and experimental analyses were in good agreement.

The use of 4-methylbenzenesulfonate ionic liquid derivatives as environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in hydrochloric acid

SYNOPSIS The effectiveness of two synthesized ionic liquids, 1-(benzyloxy)-1-oxopropan-2-aminium 4-methylbenzenesulfonate (1-BOPAMS) and 4-(benzyloxy)-4-oxobutan-1-aminium 4-methylbenzenesulfonate (4-BOBAMS), were evaluated for mild steel corrosion inhibition in 1.0 M hydro-chloric acid solution, using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), and gravimetric techniques. Organic moieties responsible for the adsorption process on mild steel surface were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Gravimetric analysis revealed that the inhibition efficiency of 1-BOPAMS and 4-BOBAMS increased with concentration, with maximum inhibition values of 90.32% and 97.91%, respectively, at the highest concentration of the inhibitors. Gibbs free energy (nG°ads) values indicated a strong interaction between the mild steel surface and the molecules of the ionic liquids, and that the adsorption process was spontaneous. These values also show that the inhibitive nature of ionic liquids against mild steel corrosion is caused by a mixedtype of adsorption film formed on the steel surface. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm was used to describe the adsorption of ionic liquid molecules onto the mild steel surface. Polarization curves showed that 1-BOPAMS and 4-BOBAMS have a similar effect on both the anodic and cathodic half-reactions, indicating that they prevent the dissolution of mild steel through both physical and chemical process. Nyquist plots were defined by incomplete semicircle capacitive loops, showing that the charge transfer mechanism controls the corrosion of mild steel in acidic solution. Keywords: corrosion inhibition, ionic liquids, mild steel, adsorption isotherm.

Adlay seed hull polysaccharide as a green corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in acid solution: surface analyses and theoretical calculations

Adlay seed hull polysaccharide was developed here as a green corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 1 M HCl solution, and its inhibition effect was studied with electrochemical experiments, theoretical calculations, etc.

A New Inhibitor Approach to the Corrosion of Mild Steel in Acidic Solution with Long-Term Impedance Tests: A New Application Area for Hypnum cupressiforme (Bryophyta)

The most important aspect of this study is that the effect of Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw. which is a bryophyte species as a “green inhibitor” on the corrosion behavior of mild steel in 1.0 M HCl solution at 298 K is being examined for the first time. The inhibitory effect of moss extract was investigated applying electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique. Nyquist diagrams were performed by EIS to examine the variation of the different concentrations of the extract with some immersion-time parameters. In addition, the surface charge of the metal in terms of the inhibition mechanism was determined by the EIS technique and as a result, it was found that the protonated inhibitor molecules were adsorbed directly onto the metal surface. The surface morphology studies of working electrodes was performed using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and optical metal microscopy techniques. Electrochemical tests and surface analysis studies support each other.

Corrosion performance of electrospinning nanofiber ZnO-NiO-CuO/polycaprolactone coated on mild steel in acid solution

In the present work, PCL/ZnO (polycaprolactone/ zinc oxide), PCL/NiO (polycarprolactone/nickel oxide), PCL/CuO (polycarprolactone/copper oxide), and PCL/ZnO-NiO-CuO (polycarprolactone/ zinc oxide- nickel oxide- copper oxide) have been successfully fabricated and deposited on a mild steel through electrospinning technique. SEM, EDX, and FT-IR had been used to characterize all nanofiber coatings on the mild steel. A nanofiber layer of ZnO/NiO/CuO/PCL was utilized to coating the mild steel as a corrosion protector film in 1M HCl. A series of electrochemical techniques like Open circuit potential (OCP), Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), linear polarization resistance (LPR), and potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) were used to analyse the anti-corrosion performance of the nanofiber layer ZnO/NiO/CuO/PCL. The results showed that both anodic and cathodic reactions sharp decline with shift in corrosion potential toward a positive direction in the Tafel plots. LPR results showed that the highest protection efficiency was 94.8% with ZnO-NiO-CuO/PCL nanofiber coating. EIS spectra showed that mild steel coated with ZnO/PCL, NiO/PCL, CuO/PCL, and ZnO-NiO-CuO/PCL, realization of capacitive conduct at high frequency and coating strength at law frequency part with resistor component 474.76 ohm.cm2, 527.35 ohm.cm2, 714.73 ohm.cm2, 744.80 ohm.cm2 respectively, indicating the good barrier properties and high ohmic resistance of coatings. SEM displayed a straight, interconnected structure, relatively less porosity with uniform fibers diameter. The fibers had average diameter 429 nm, 525 nm, 639 nm, and 443 nm for ZnO/PCL, NiO/PCL, CuO/PCL, and ZnO-NiO-CuO/PCL respectively. EDX and FT-IR results confirmed the existence of ZnO, NiO, and CuO and approved the distribution into PCL matrix. . Results of the present study confirmed that ZnO-NiO-CuO/PCL electrospinning nanfiber coating could be considered as a new metallic oxide nanocomposite coating for a mild steel with excellent corrosion resistance.

Metoprolol: New and Efficient Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel in Hydrochloric and Sulfuric Acid Solutions

The inhibition behavior of metoprolol tablet on steel alloy (st37) in 1 M hydrochloric acid and 0.5 M sulfuric acid solutions were studied by three methods (potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and scanning electronic microscopy, SEM). The obtained parameters revealed that different amounts of metoprolol drug inhibited the corrosion of mild steel in the acid solutions of HCl and H2SO4. The corrosion resistance of the alloy increased with the increase in the concentration of metoprolol up to 300 ppm but was reduced by increasing the temperature. The derived parameters from polarization curves indicated that the drug is a mixed type inhibitor. The results obtained from the different methods are consistent with each other. The adsorption of metoprolol was found to be physical, exothermic, and spontaneous, and also fitted the Langmuir adsorption model. SEM micrographs are in accordance with the adsorption performance of the tablet.

Dopamine-modified polyaspartic acid as a green corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in acid solution

Small-molecule organic corrosion inhibitors have attracted extensive attentions, but there are relatively few studies on corrosion inhibitors based on eco-friendly polymer materials. In the present work, dopamine modified polyaspartic acid (PASP-Dop) was well-designed and prepared. The inhibition ability of PASP-Dop towards mild steel was studied at various concentrations and temperatures using electrochemical measurement and weight-loss method. Investigations indicate that PASP-Dop has high corrosion inhibition performance for mild steel in acid solution due to the effective adsorption of PASP-Dop molecules at the metal/solution interface which is found to obey the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. From the potentiodynamic polarization measurements, the inhibition efficiency of PASP-Dop for mild steel in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution at a concentration of 100 ppm is up to 90.9% at 298 K. In addition, effect of temperature performed by weight-loss measurement reveals that PASP-Dop has good temperature adaptability. These results clearly demonstrate that as-synthesized eco-friendly polymer (PASP-Dop) is a high efficiency corrosion inhibitor with good application prospect.

Experimental and theoretical investigation on corrosion inhibition of hexamethylenetetramine [HMT] for mild steel in acidic solution

This paper employs gravimetric, potentiodynamic polarization and SEM methods to study the corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 1 M solution of hydrochloric acid using hexamethylenetetramine as an inhibitor. The results show that inhibition efficiency increases with concentration up to 86% at 0.8 g L−1 inhibitor dosage. The data obtain are consistent with the isotherm proposed by Langmuir. The values of both activation and Gibbs free energy show that adsorption is physisorption and spontaneous. DFT quantum calculations also support a physisorption process which validates that nitrogen atoms are the most reactive and nucleophilic atoms, which is consistent with the experimental results.

Mathematical Regression and Artificial Neural Network for Prediction of Corrosion Inhibition Process of Steel in Acidic Media

Present work reports the results of the corrosion current density of mild steel in acidic solution as a function of acid concentration, inhibitor concentration, and temperature. Phenylthiourea was used as concentration a corrosion inhibitor. The work is focused on estimating the optimum mathematical equation and the ANN architecture. Corrosion rate (corrosion current density) was the response or the dependent variable, while inhibitor concentration (0.1, 0.75, and 1 g/l), acid concentrations (1, 3, and 5 M), and different temperatures (303, 313, 323, and 333 K) were the factors or the independent variables of the models. Five mathematical equations and five ANN architectures were suggested. Models were developed and estimated with the aid of a computer program. Linear, Linear – Logarithmic, Logarithmic – Linear, polynomial – individual effect, and polynomial – interaction effect model were estimated. Results show that the polynomial – interaction effect equation was able to accurately predict the measured data with acceptable correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.9803). Linear Model, Multi-Layer Perceptrons, and Radial Basis Function were trained and tested. Multi-Layer Perceptrons with three inputs—multi hidden layers—three outputs (MLP 3:3-6-1:1) was the best ANN with significant performance (R2 = 0.9529). Sensitivity analysis was carried out to study the effect of unavailability of each variable. Both mathematical and ANN analyses showed that the temperature has the most significant influence on the corrosion current density than the other two variables. The temperature individual effect coefficient was 840.6 as compared with 88.5 and − 170.5 for acid concentration and inhibitor concentration, respectively. Interaction effects between variables were also addressed.

New Heterocyclic Compounds Based on Pyridazinones Scaffold as Efficient Inhibitor of Corrosion of Mild Steel in Acidic Solution 1 M HCl

The present study deals with the synthesis and the corrosion inhibition performance of three pyridazinone derivatives, namely (E)-6-(4-chlorostyryl)-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl) -benzyl)pyridazin-3(2H)-one (3a), (E)-4-(3-chlorobenzyl)-6-(3-chlorostyryl)pyridazin-3(2H)-one (3b), and (E)-6-(4-chlorostyryl)-4-(4-methylbenzyl)pyridazin-3(2H)-one (3c), was investigated for mild steel corrosion in 1 M HCl medium using weight loss measurements, potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. PDP curves reveal that all studied compounds are predicted to be mixed inhibitors influencing both cathodic hydrogen evolvement and anodic metal dissolution. Further, EIS study shows that the charge transfer resistance increases with the inhibitor concentration, and the adsorption of 3b obeys the Langmuir isotherm. Quantum chemical calculation was employed also to correlate the molecular structure of pyridazinone derivatives and their experimental inhibition efficiencies. All results show that 3b exhibits the best inhibitive action at 10−3 M, which may be related to a better electron acceptance ability of this molecule.

Adsorption and Corrosion Performance of New Cationic Gemini Surfactants Derivatives of Fatty Amido Ethyl Aminium Chloride with Ester Spacer for Mild Steel in Acidic Solutions.

Three new cationic gemini surfactants with ester spacer type 2-2′-(ethane-1,2-diyl bis(oxy)) bis(N-(2-alkanamidoethyl)-N,N-dimethyl-2-oxoethan-1-aminium)) dichloride) (CGSES12, CGSES14 and CGSES16), based on N,N-dimethyl fatty amido ethylamine, were produced. These gemini quaternary ammonium salts were synthesized using a three-step reaction method, starting from th/e condensation of the fatty acid chloride (RCOCl) of various hydrophobic chain lengths (R, C11H23, C13H27, C15H31) with N,N-dimethyl ethylene diamine, followed by the quaternization of the tertiary amino group formed with the spacer of the ester group formed in the second step. The chemical configuration of the surfactants was established by FT-IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR and Mass spectroscopies. The inhibition performance of three surfactants was studied by weight loss and electrochemical measurements. The results show that CGSES12, CGSES14 and CGSES16 behave as effective inhibitors and surface agents. The maximum efficiency was higher than 94% at 2.5 mM, and the inhibition order was CGSES16 > CGSES14 > CGSES12. This was due to the increment in hydrophobicity of the gemini surfactants. Their adsorption on a mild steel surface followed the Langmuir isotherm. CGSES12, CGSES14 and CGSES16 can be considered mixed-type inhibitors. The presence of CGSES12, CGSES14 and CGSES16 increased charge transfer resistance and decreased the corrosion rate. The adsorption focused on heteroatoms and the surface properties of cationic gemini surfactants.

Aloysia citrodora leaves extract corrosion retardation effect on mild-steel in acidic solution: Molecular/atomic scales and electrochemical explorations

In the present research, the aqueous-extract of Aloysia citrodora leaves (Ac.L) was chosen as mild steel (MS) inhibitor against 1 M HCl medium. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) outcomes demonstrated that in the presence of 800 ppm Ac.L extract, and at immersion time of 2.5 h the MS corrosion was noticeably retarded by 94% inhibition degree. The kinetics of corrosion retardation were inspected by polarization studies, and the respective achievements declared that the Aloysia citrodora leaves extract constituents could retard corrosion reactions via cathodic/anodic (mixed) inhibition mechanism. The surface investigation results proved the effectiveness of Aloysia citrodora leaves extracts in MS surface damage retardation. Alongside the electrochemical/surface studies, comprehensive theoretical explorations utilizing Monte Carlo (MC)/molecular dynamics (MD) and quantum chemical computations of density functional theory (DFT) ensured the phytochemicals binding on target metallic substrate.

Polar group substituted imidazolium zwitterions as eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in acid solution

Two polar group substituted imidazolium zwitterions have been synthesized and investigated as corrosion inhibitors for the first time on mild steel in HCl solution using chemical and electrochemical methods. Sulphur containing zwitterion (Z-2) gave excellent inhibition efficiency of 94.59% at a concentration of 6.01 μmol L−1 (2 ppm), while hydroxyl-containing zwitterion (Z-1) exhibited 94.86% IE at 150.4 μmol L−1 (50 ppm). Surface analyses supported the formation of inhibitor film on the metallic surface. Adsorption of zwitterions obeyed Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Quantum chemical (QC) calculation and molecular dynamics simulations studies further supported the experimental results.

Anti‐corrosive property of bioinspired environmental benign imidazole and isoxazoline heterocyclics: A cumulative studies of experimental and DFT methods

AbstractIn the present study, four imidazoline (IDZ) and four isoxazolines (ISO) heterocyclics differing in the nature of methoxy (‐OCH3) and aromatic (phenyl and naphthyl) moieties are synthesized, characterized and evaluated as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in acidic solution of 1 M HCl. Results showed that imidazoline based heterocyclic compounds are better corrosion inhibitors than isoxazoline based heterocyclics and both classes of compounds showed inhibition efficiency of more than 85% at 20 mgL−1 concentration. Results further showed that inhibitors containing methoxy, phenyl, and naphthyl moieties showed higher protection efficiency as compared to the inhibitors without these moieties. PDP Study revealed that investigated IDZs and ISOs acted as mixed type inhibitors and their adsorption on the metallic surface followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. All the experimental results were corroborated by density function theory (DFT) based quantum chemical calculations. Numerous DFT based indices calculated for neutral as well as protonated forms of the IDZs and ISOs in order to get better insight about metal‐IDZs/ISOs interactions. Outcomes of the DFT analysis showed that protonated (cationic) form of the all the inhibitors are more strongly adsorbed on the metallic surface as compared to their neutral form.