Mild Steel In Acidic Solution Research Articles

Electrochemical and surface investigations of N, S codoped carbon dots as effective corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in acidic solution

Mild steel is a versatile, inexpensive, highly flexible, and easily weldable material widely used in construction, pipelines, transportation, shipping, and other industries. However, it is also extremely susceptible to corrosion processes under the influence of weather phenomena, posing a significant threat to society and human health. In this work, we investigated the corrosion inhibition capacity of a new type of N, S codoped carbon dots (N, S-CDs) on Q235 carbon steel in the acidic medium. The goal product was synthesized by hydrothermal method using o-phenylenediamine and amidinothiourea as precursors. Combined with electrochemistry, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), and theoretical calculations, the inhibition properties of N, S-CDs on Q235 carbon steel in HCl solution were evaluated. The potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results indicated that the corrosion inhibition efficiency reached 90.3 % and 92.4 % at 100 mg/L concentration, respectively. Indeed, the presence of N, S-CDs reduced the electric double-layer capacitance, increased the thickness of the adsorption film on the carbon steel surface, and reduced the corrosion current density, resulting in a delay of corrosion. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis and surface characterization confirmed the successful doping of N, S and the formation of adsorption films, the Langmuir adsorption isotherm also confirmed the superior inhibition of N, S-CDs on the surface of Q235 carbon steel through physical and chemical adsorption mechanisms. At the same time, quantum chemical calculations and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations revealed its inhibition mechanism at the molecular/atomic level.

The inhibitive action of lemon verbena plant extract as an economical and eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in acidic solutions

The inhibitive effect of lemon verbena (lemon v.) extract as a green corrosion inhibitor (CI) for mild steel (st37) in 0.5 M H2SO4 and 1 M HCl media at room temperature is investigated by employing electrochemical current noise (ECN), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The achievements demonstrated that the inhibition efficiency increases with increasing the extract concentration up to 2000 ppm in 0.5 M H2SO4 and up to 2500 ppm in 1 M HCl solutions and decreases with an increase in temperature. The ECN results show when Lemon V. extract is included to both acidic media, the values of commotion charges (Q) diminished. The least value of the Q is 15 and 60 mCoul in H2SO4 and HCl media, respectively. The EIS measurements depicted that by addition of the inhibitors up to a certain concentration, the charge transfer resistance increases up to 186 Ω cm−2 in H2SO4 and 350 Ω cm−2 in HCl, besides the double layer capacitance (Cdl) decreases. Potentiodynamic polarization assessments indicated that Lemon V. acts as mixed type inhibitor. Certain thermodynamic parameters were determined based on the temperature impact on inhibition and corrosion processes. The extract adsorption on the surface of the alloy follow the Langmuir adsorption pattern. A mixed mode of adsorption was observed, wherein the extract in H2SO4 and HCl predominantly underwent chemisorption. Thermodynamic parameters indicated spontaneous adsorption and exothermic process with increasing entropy in H2SO4 and decreasing entropy in HCl. SEM investigation also validated the adsorption performance of the inhibitor.

Corrosion inhibition potential of new oxo-pyrimidine derivative on mild steel in acidic solution: Experimental and theoretical approaches

Through electrochemical impedance testing and potentiodynamic polarisation, it was investigated how a material at ambient temperature might prevent corrosion. 1-(5-(4-Methoxybenzoyl)-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-oxopyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)-3-(4-chlorophenyl) urea (MMOP) was used as a corrosion inhibitor on mild steel samples in 1 M HCl. With a maximum inhibition efficacy of 97.6 % (at immersion period of 72 h and concentration of 5 × 10-4 M), the inhibitor used was shown to be an exceptional corrosion inhibitor. Based on the findings of potentiometric polarization, this substance falls within the category of mixed inhibitors since corrosion inhibition was accomplished by the inhibitor adhering to the metal. Adsorption of investigated MMOP completely followed Langmuir adsorption isotherm and adsorption can be categorized as physisorption–chemisorption, with a value of ΔGads of -35.6 kJ.mol-1. In order to confirm the effectiveness of the protective coating applied to the mild steel surface, we analysed the protective layer through the utilization of Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) / Energy Dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX). The density functional theory (DFT) and Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) approaches were used to investigate the relationship between molecular structure and inhibitory efficacy. The results suggest that the inhibitor in issue could be a new approach to reducing mild steel corrosion under harsh circumstances and long immersion times.

Synthesis and investigation of two new compounds (2-(methoxymethyl)−1- phenyl-2-propen-1-one and 2-(methoxymethyl)−1-(4-methoxyphenyl) - 2-Propen-1-one) as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in acidic solutions at elevated temperature.

This study evaluated the performance of two newly synthesized organic corrosion inhibitors using the gravimetric weight loss method in hydrochloric acid (HCl), methanesulphonic acid (MSA), and a combination of HCl and MSA in the presence of different corrosion inhibitor (CI) concentrations at temperatures of 30 °C to 90 °C. Potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) studies were carried out for an in-depth study of corrosion mechanisms. Following the weight loss study, the percentage inhibition efficacies of C1 and C2 at 300 ppm concentrations were found to be ≈ 100% at 30 °C, 40 °C and 60 °C in 15 wt% HCl, 10 wt% MSA, and a combination of both acids (15 wt% HCl and 10 wt% MSA). The performances of C1 and C2 deteriorated slightly when tested in 10 wt% MSA at 90 °C. The synthesized CIs still showed a very high inhibition efficiency in the presence of 15 wt% HCl and a mixture of acids (HCl and MSA) at 90 °C. PDP studies indicated that both C1 and C2 act as anodic inhibitors. The inhibition efficiencies obtained from the PDP and EIS studies agreed with the weight loss study. The high value of Kads and the negative ∆Gads value suggests that C1 and C2 corrosion inhibitors have a strong and spontaneous tendency to chemisorb onto the mild steel surface. SEM-EDX studies proved the formation of a uniform, protective corrosion inhibitor film on the metal surface. Both C1 and C2 have been proven suitable for high-temperature corrosion applications.

Shrimp shell waste as a potential corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in acid solution

Application of corrosion inhibitor is a common method to minimize corrosion reaction of steel in aqueous environments. Research for an effective eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor is required due to the toxicity issues of the most commercially available corrosion inhibitors. Many recent studies have shown that various food waste can be utilized as corrosion inhibitors. Extracting inhibitor compounds from food waste is definitely low cost, less harm, and environmentally beneficial. One example of corrosion inhibitor derived from food waste is a water-soluble chitosan (WSC) inhibitor, which can be extracted from Crustacean shells. This study used shrimp shell waste to extract WSC and test the effectiveness on inhibiting corrosion of mild steel in acid solution. The weight loss method was employed at various inhibitor concentrations and solution types. The overall findings in this study indicate that the WSC extracted from shrimp shell exhibits a good inhibition performance in 0.5 M HCl solution with the efficiency up to 94.31% at a concentration of 3 g/l at room temperature. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and 2.2.7 UV-visible spectroscopy analysis showed that WSC molecules adsorbed on the steel surface and hinder the corrosion reactions.

Rosmarinus officinalis l. Oil as an Eco-Friendly corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in acidic Solution: Experimental and computational studies

In this research, Rosmarinus officinalis L. (ROL) essential oil extracted from the plant was initially introduced as a green anti-corrosion agent for mild steel (MS) in a 1 M HCl solution. The components of the extract were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and UV–Vis method. Gravimetric and electrochemical techniques (EIS and PDP) demonstrated that ROL inhibited steel corrosion by 90 % at a concentration of 1.5 g/l. The PDP experiment indicated that ROL essential oil acted as a mixed-type inhibitor with a cathodic predominance. The morphological and elemental characteristics of the metal surface were examined using SEM and EDX, revealing the formation of a corrosion-resistant film on the metal surface. The inhibited corrosive solutions were characterised before and after immersing MS using UV–visible spectrophotometry, indicating the possibility of iron-ROL complex formation. Finally, theoretical calculations using DFT, MC, and MD simulations were conducted and correlated with experimental results.

Isolation, Characterisation and Corrosion Inhibition Evaluation of 1, 3, 5-Trimethoxymethylbenzenefrom Seeds Extract of Cola nitida on Mild Steel Surface in Hyhrochloric Acid Solution

Corrosion inhibition of Mild steel in 1 M hydrochloric acid solution by 1, 3, 5-trimethoxymethylbenzene (TMMB) isolated from seeds extract of Cola nitida was studied using weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic methods. TMMB was isolated from seeds of C. nitida by 72 hours maceration of the chopped seeds with dichloromethane. Filtered and concentrated extract was subjected to a combination of vacuum liquid, column and thin layer chromatographic techniques. The isolated compound was characterized using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) spectrophotometer, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (+H-NMR), C13 – NMR and DEPT-135 NMR spectrophotmeters. The results showed that the inhibition efficiency recorded by the weight loss method increased with the increase in TMMB concentration, but decreased with increasing temperature. The inhibition efficiencies recorded by the potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic methods also increased with increase in the concentration of TMMB. The calculated thermodynamic parameters showed that the corrosion inhibition process was endothermic and spontaneous in nature. Potentiodynamic polarization measurements confirmed that TMMB worked as a mixed – type inhibitor considering the value of Ecorrbeing less than 85 mV. Impedance measurement revealed that the charge transfer resistance offered by TMMB to the migration of aggressive ions on the surface of mild steel in acidic solution was enough to impede corrosion. The best line of fit to the adsorption of TMMB onto mild steel surface was found in Temkin isotherm. Formation of protective dense film on the steel surface in the presence of TMMB compared to the blank was revealed by scanning electron microscopy. The molecular structure of TMMB was optimized using Gausian 09 with density functional theory [DFT/B3LYP/6-31G (d,p)]. Physical adsorption has been proposed for the adsorption of TMMB onto mild steel surface.

Corrosion inhibition effect of magnolia grandiflora leaves extract on mild steel in acid solution

The corrosion inhibition performance of Magnolia grandiflora leaves extract (MGLE) on mild steel in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution was investigated through electrochemical technology, weight-loss experiment and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that MGLE was a mixed corrosion inhibitor with a predominantly cathodic inhibition for mild steel in H2SO4 solution, which could effectively inhibit the corrosion of mild steel in H2SO4 solution, under the experimental conditions, the max corrosion inhibition efficiency was up to 91%. The corrosion inhibition performance of MGLE enhanced with the increase of concentration and weakened with rising temperature, but the decrease was not significant, especially at high concentration. The thermodynamic and kinetic parameters were calculated and discussed, it was found that the adsorption of MGLE on the surface of mild steel was an exothermic process and obeyed the Langmuir isothermal equation.

Synergistic effect in Tragacanth Gum-Ceftriaxone hybrid system as an environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in acidic solutions

Synergistic effect in Tragacanth Gum-Ceftriaxone hybrid system as an environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in acidic solutions

Quantum chemical and mathematical statistical calculations of phenyltetrazole derivatives as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in acidic solution: A theoretical approach

The use of organic compounds to prevent the corrosion of mild steel has become widespread in recent years. Among the countless chemical compounds used as possible inhibitors, phenyltrazole derivatives stand out as inexpensive and effective molecules in various electrolytes. This research examines the computational characteristics of selected phenyltrazole compounds investigated as inhibitors of mild steel deterioration in HCl medium using a quantum chemical approach (Density Functional Theory) and mathematical calculations. The inhibitory effectiveness of three phenyltrazole compounds: 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-tetrazole (CL-PT), 5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-tetrazole (MO-PT), and 5-phenyl-1H-tetrazole (PT) was investigated. The quantum chemical parameters, such as the highest occupied molecular orbital (EHOMO), the energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (ELUMO), the energy gap (ΔE), the dipole moment (d), chemical hardness (η), softness (σ), electronegativity (χ), back donation (Δback donation), and global electrophilicity (ω) were evaluated. The results of the quantum chemical calculations revealed that the three compounds have a good anti-corrosion capacity. The order of inhibition efficiency was CL-PT > MO-PT > PT. In addition, cross-checking the data with experimental analysis confirms the theoretical calculations. In mathematical calculations, four mathematical models are suggested. First, second, third, and n-order models are tested. The third-order model was the best one with a high correlation coefficient.

4-Ferrocenylbutyl-based corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in acidic solution

The weak corrosion resistance of mild steel (MS) is considered a severe problem in many industrial applications. The application of corrosion inhibitors is suggested to mitigate the corrosion of steel. Within this framework, a series of novel inhibitors, including 4-ferrocenylbutyl formate, 4-ferrocenylbutyl acrylate, and 4-ferrocenylbutyl phenylacetate, was synthesized and subsequently characterized using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and FT-IR spectroscopies. The corrosion inhibition properties of synthesized components were evaluated for MS in 1 M HCl solution through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), Tafel, Atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM images showed the presence of a protective layer on the steel surface in the presence of inhibitors. This thick layer, visible to the naked eye, is responsible for a significant resistance against corrosion. EIS data indicated that the inhibition efficiency of 4-ferrocenylbutyl formate (C) increased from 92% to 94% after 14 days of immersion in 1 M HCl. Furthermore, the results show that the Rct of inhibited MS after 2 h increased from 57 to 880 Ω cm2 in 4 mM C inhibitor, and it enhanced to 1870 Ω cm2 after 170 h toward the uninhibited surface. Proposed inhibitors have extraordinary adsorption abilities on the metal surface to increase corrosion protection, improving this adsorption over time. Besides, the potentiodynamic polarization results disclosed that steel corrosion protection after two weeks of immersion in the acidic solution containing (C) inhibitor was about 20 times higher than the inhibitor-free solution. Synthesized ferrocenylbutyl derivatives can be utilized for prolonged corrosion inhibition purposes. Furthermore, density functional theory calculations revealed a linear correlation between the adsorption energies and charge-transfer values of studied 4-ferrocenylbutyl derivated and their inhibition capacity.

Gambir Extract As A Corrosion Inhibitor For Mild Steel In Acidic Solution

The inhibition infl uence of Gambir extract in 1M Hidrocloric Medium on corrosion of mild steel in acidic solution was studied by weight loss measurements, potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM method. It is believed that the phenolic compounds that contained in the Gambir extract in 1 M Hidrocloric medium to be responsible for the inhibition. The corrosion studies shows that Gambir extract gives an anodic type of inhibition and best at the concentration of 150 ppm. The inhibition effi ciency for weight loss measurement, potentiodynamic polarization measurement, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were 76.52, 88.28 and 66.27% respectively. SEM analysis shows that the morphology of inhibited mild steel was improved compared with uninhibited mild steel.

Extract from Clarias batrachus Fins as Environmental Benign Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel in Acidic Solution

Extract from Clarias batrachus Fins as Environmental Benign Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel in Acidic Solution

Synergistic Effect in Tragacanth Gum-Ceftriaxone Hybrid System as an Environmentally Friendly Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel in Acidic Solutions

Synergistic Effect in Tragacanth Gum-Ceftriaxone Hybrid System as an Environmentally Friendly Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel in Acidic Solutions

Data analysis of the protection performance of Citrus reticulate and Pelargonium on the corrosion rate of mild steel in acidic solution

Data on the protection efficiency of Citrus reticulate (CR) and Pelargonium (PG) oil distillates, and their combined admixture (CRPG) on the corrosion of mild steel in 0.5 M H2SO4 and 0.5 M HCl solution are presented. Performance of CR and PG in HCl solution are comparable and generally effective at all concentrations with optimum value of 85.94% and 89.68% at 1% and 1.5% distillate concentration. Performance of CR and PG in H2SO4 solution were significantly concentration dependent with poor protection values at 0.5% to 1.5% for CR and 0.5% to 1.25% for PG. At 1.75% CR, and 1.5% and 1.75% PG concentrations, protection efficiency of 73.09%, 96.17% and 95.46% were attained. CRPG performed effectively in H2SO4 solution with average protection value above 90% while in HCl solution CRPG performed poorly at all concentrations with performance values below 60%. Statistical data showed inhibitor concentration dominated the protection performance outputs of the distillates compared to exposure time whose effect was marginal but statistically relevant. Data from standard deviation showed the CRPG in HCl and CR in H2SO4 solution varied the least from average data values signifying stable inhibition with respect to time and concentration. 53% and 50% of CR protection efficiency data in HCl and H2SO4 solution were above the 80% effective protection value at margins of error of ± 12.62 and ± 12.65. The corresponding values for PG showed 42% and 67% are above the threshold value at ± 12% margin of error. The protection value for CRPG above the threshold value is 67% in HCl solution and 0% in H2SO4 solution at margins of error of ± 11.93% and ± 0%.

Synthesis of 1, 4, 7-triazaheptane derivative and its corrosion inhibition for mild steel in the hydrochloric medium

To exploit the advanced corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in acidic solution, N, N, N, N, N′-pentakis (2-hydroxyethyl)-1,4,7-triazaheptane (PHET) was synthesized by a facile process, which was confirmed by FT-IR, NMR and EI-MS. Inhibition effect of PHET was examined on mild steel in 1.0 M HCl solution by using weight loss, electrochemical tests and surface analyses. The results showed that the optimal concentration of PHET in HCl solution was 400 mg/L corresponding to the inhibitive efficiency of 93% at 293 K. PHET presented superior and durable corrosion inhibition performance for mild steel. Meanwhile, PHET acted as a mixed-type inhibitor which affects both anodic and cathodic reactions of the corrosion process. PHET could be absorbed on mild steel through forming complexes with ferrous ions that acted as protective film, which was supported by UV–vis and XPS analyses. The adsorption process of PHET molecules on mild steel, following Langmuir adsorption isotherm, was an exothermal process and belonged to mixed adsorption mechanisms (ΔGads°=-31.78 kJ mol−1, 293 K) between physisorption and chemisorption. Besides, theoretical calculations were conducted to give further investigation on the inhibition mechanism of PHET and elucidated the adsorption behaviour of PHET. PHET synthesized in this work also can be extended to use for the corrosion protection of other metals in acidic medium.

Asidik Çözeltide Yumuşak Çelik için Çevresel Olarak Sürdürülebilir Yeni Bir Yeşil Korozyon İnhibitörü Olarak Plagiochila porelloides (Marchantiophyta)’e Genel Bir Bakış

In this study, the corrosion inhibition effect of Plagiochila porelloides (Torr. ex Nees) Lindenb. extract, a Marchantiophyta species, on mild steel in hydrochloric acid solution at 298 K was investigated for the first time by applying electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), linear polarization (LPR) and potentiodynamic polarization techniques. Experiments were performed by immersing mild steel electrodes in acidic solutions containing different concentrations of Plagiochila porelloides extract for 1 hour before each electrochemical measurement to equilibrate with the aggressive solution. Liverwort extract showed a strong inhibitory effect as a result of 1 hour electrochemical experiments, and as the extract concentration increased, the protective effect of mild steel in acidic solutions raised. In addition, the surface images of the electrodes in 1.0 M HCl solutions with and without liverwort extract after 1-hour exposure were examined by an optical microscope and it was shown that the metal surface in the inhibited extract solution had a smoother appearance compared to the uninhibited metal surface. Electrochemical findings and surface images support each other.

Exploitation of a new green inhibitor against mild steel corrosion in HCl: Experimental, DFT and MD simulation approach

Origanum Compactum Benth Aqueous extract (OCAqE) have been analysed and investigated as green corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in acid solution (1 M HCl). The analysis of Origanum Compactum Benth Aqueous extract was performed using HPLC-UV-ELSD-MS. Electrochemical techniques, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), and mass loss were performed and showed that OCAqE is mixed type inhibitor and acts by adsorption on metal surface. OCAqE showed good inhibition efficiency of 92% at a concentration of 0.4 g/L. The adsorption mode of OCAqE on mild steel surface follow Langmuir isotherm. Surface analysis (SEM) of mild steel specimen has shown the decrease in surface deterioration after addition of OCAqE inhibitor to the HCl solution. Density functional theory (DFT) and Molecular dynamics (MD) have been introduced in order to carry out a more rigorous theoretical treatment of the inhibitive performance. The comparative study based on the low-energy electronic structures shown that the trend of inhibition potentials of the major compound of this extract depend on the effect of molecular structure on the electron donating/accepting ability.

Potential of zinc based-graphene oxide composite coatings on mild steel in acidic solution

This study introduces varying concentrations of graphene oxide (GO) as a filler into zinc chromate in forming composite coatings to improve the corrosion protection of mild steel. The purity of synthesized GO was inferred through the application of complementary characterization techniques, including FT-IR, XRD, Raman, SEM-EDX, and TEM analyses. GO doped zinc chromate coatings were deposited on the surface of mild steel through the brushing method. Electrochemical studies, i.e., electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization (PD) were conducted to elucidate the anticorrosion properties of the coated mild steel exposed to 0.5 ​M HCl solution. It was revealed that the highest anticorrosion protection was attained at low doping amount of 0.5% of GO with a corrosion rate of 0.036 mpy. Surface analyses revealed that incorporating GO into zinc chromate coating can effectively improve the anticorrosion properties and adhesion strength.

Theoritical evaluation of Citrus Aurantium leaf extract as green inhibitor for chemical and biological corrosion of mild steel in acidic solution: Statistical, molecular dynamics, docking, and quantum mechanics study

Citrus Aurantium extract consists of many compounds such as Alpha terpineol (AT), Linalool (LI), Linalyl acetate (LA), and Monoterpene hydrocarbons (MH) that suggested as corrosion inhibitors in the ground and protonated states. The current study included treatment of the corrosion process caused by the aggressive ions and/or Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans bacteria (A. ferrooxidans) through Density Function Theory (DFT). The autodock process was carried out by the Molecular Graphic Laboratory (MGL) and Discovery Studio Visualizer (DSV) software. The bond length, angles, and dihedral were measured to present the adsorption sites of molecules. Also, the HOMO, LUMO, dipole moment, energy gap, and more parameters were used to compare the efficiency of the inhibitors. Total Electron Density (TED) and Electrostatic Surface Potential (ESP) were used to show the sites of adsorption according to electron density. Fukui function used to present the ability of atoms to donate and receipt electrons. Binding energy (Eb) was used to test the inhibition ability of A. ferrooxidans by docking calculations. DFT showed that the order of corrosion inhibition was MH > LI > LA > AT, while bio-corrosion inhibition of A. ferrooxidans was AT > MH > LA > LI. Statistical analysis was used to correlate quantum chemical parameters with inhibition efficiency. A significant model was obtained with a 0.98 correlation coefficient. The calculated inhibition efficiency was compared with the experimental one.