Mild Steel In Acidic Medium Research Articles

Recent Advances on the Corrosion Inhibition Behavior of Schiff base Compounds on Mild Steel in Acidic Media

AbstractCorrosion inhibitors for mild steels subjected to aggressive media are needed by various industries, especially in power plants, petrochemical, automobile, and pharmaceutical. Accordingly, Schiff bases as a category of organic inhibitors have demonstrated efficient protecting activity in corrosive environments. This review focuses on the corrosion inhibitory performance of different Schiff bases for mild steel in acidic media and underlines the reports on which the protecting efficiency and applicability of Schiff bases have been affected by introducing different reagents as well as considering the environmental and structural issues. Therefore, discussed influential factors could endow approaches to design and apply more effective Schiff bases in the corrosion field, particularly alternatives under ecological guidelines and high inhibition efficiency.

Biopolymer sodium alginate based titania and magnetite nanocomposites as natural corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in acidic medium

Green biopolymeric materials and its hybrid nanocomposites, i.e. sodium alginate grafted polymethylmethacrylate based titanium dioxide and iron oxide (SA-g-PMMA/TiO2 and SA-g-PMMA/Fe3O4) have been explored for the prevention of mild steel's corrosion in 15% HCl. It is reflected from the electrochemical impedance data that SA-g-PMMA/TiO2 exhibits maximum inhibition efficiency of 97.28% followed by SA-g-PMMA/Fe3O4 that gives 96.82% efficiency while the unmodified sodium alginate possess merely 84.74% efficiency. The declining trend of inhibition efficiency with rising temperature has been explained through gravimetric studies conducted at 303 K- 333 K. The thermodynamic activation and adsorption parameters revealed the mixed mode of adsorption of inhibitors over mild steel surface which follow Langmuir adsorption isotherm. It has been observed from tafel polarization studies that all studied inhibitors are mixed type in nature. The surface morphological inspection of the mild steel samples was done through FE-SEM and AFM, which revealed the formation of better protective adsorption layer over the exposed metallic surface by the nanocomposites in comparison to sodium alginate alone. In addition to this, the elemental composition of adsorbed film on inhibited mild steel specimens was obtained by XPS technique. Quantum parameters obtained through Density Functional Theory (DFT) further corroborate the experimental outcomes.

Quantitative and qualitative analyses of grafted okra for corrosion inhibition of mild steel in acidic medium.

Introduction: Natural plant polymers demonstrate effective corrosion inhibition abilities, because of their numerous binding sites and excellent adsorption abilities. Methodology: In this study, the Box-Behnken method, gravimetric and electrochemical analyses were used to design and investigate the corrosion inhibition potential of a modified graft polymer of okra for mild steel in a 1M HCl medium. The influence of inhibitor concentration, temperature, and time were also investigated. Qualitatively, the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), and Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) were used to characterize the extracts and evaluate the metal's surface morphology. Results and discussion: The quantitative analyses showed that the modified natural polymer's inhibition efficiency (IE) increased with concentration and reached 73.5% at 800ppm, with a mixed-type mode of inhibition. From the response surface methodology, it was revealed that temperature influences the IE more than concentration and immersion time. The optimized IE using the desirability function showed the possibility of attaining 88.2% inhibition with inhibitor concentration at 142.3ppm, temperature at 60.4°C, and an immersion time of 22.4h. The new functional groups in the hybrid polymer revealed by FTIR analysis shows that grafting improved the inhibitor's adsorption abilities. TGA analysis confirmed the extract's high thermal stability, which highlights the inhibitor's strong adsorption and efficiency for high temperatures. FESEM analysis indicated evidence of inhibitor adsorption onto the metal surface. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the grafting of okra with acrylamide enhances its inhibition properties and contributes to its functionality as a cost-effective plant-based alternative inhibitor against corrosion for mild steel facilities.

New Xanthene Diones Compounds as a Corrosion Inhibitor of Mild Steel in Acid Medium: Electrochemical, Surface Characterization and Theoretical Insights

New Xanthene Diones Compounds as a Corrosion Inhibitor of Mild Steel in Acid Medium: Electrochemical, Surface Characterization and Theoretical Insights

Facile Formulation of New Innovative Eco-Friendly Hybrid Protective Coating for Mild Steel in Acidic Media

This research deals with the formulation, characterization, and evaluation of new anticorrosive protective coatings. The study objective is to protect mild carbon steel in acidic media by adherent nonporous polymeric coatings formulated from polystyrene and shrimp shells. Solid wastes of shrimp shells are dried into a fine powder and sonicated in toluene. The obtained suspension is refluxed with polystyrene. The hot-melt coatings are applied to the metal surface by the hot dipping technique. The shrimp shells improve the performance of polystyrene. These eco-friendly, low-cost anticorrosive coatings are formulated from solid waste (SW) of shrimp shells and polystyrene (PS) with no aiding additives. Intense vibrational bands in the infrared spectra and the high thermal stability of the coating samples confirm the compatibility of the coating constituents. The results of the evaluation of coating performance by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization techniques show that the coating is protective for mild steel in the aggressive acidic media of 1.0 M HCl. The coating protects the metal surface without affecting the corrosion mechanism. Polarization curves show that the coating film retards both the anodic metal dissolution reaction and the cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction, acting as mixed-type inhibitors. The percent protection (%P) increases with the increasing weight percent (wt.%) of PS and the SW of shrimp shells. A %P up to 99% is achieved for the coating composition of 2.0 g/L PS + 0.02 g/L SW. The %P obtained by impedance and polarization measurements are in good agreement. The prepared multi-functional polymeric coating forms an adherent nonporous coating film on the metal surface. Impedance plots show that the coating samples are insulating dielectric coatings that electrically insulate the metal surface from the aggressive acidic media. The coating protects the metal surface by the adsorption mechanism. Shrimp shells fill the pores and increase the stiffness of the polymeric coating film of polystyrene. The obtained results in this study will be useful for all industrial sectors and academic research in the field of corrosion control of metals and alloys.

A detailed experimental performance of 4-quinolone derivatives as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in acid media combined with first-principles DFT simulations of bond breaking upon adsorption

Four 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylate derivatives were synthesized through the Gould-Jacobs method and evaluated as corrosion inhibitors for 1020 mild steel in 1 mol/L hydrochloric acid. Gravimetric experiments showed that those organic molecules present 84–94 % anticorrosive efficiency at 2.00 mmol/L (298 K). At higher temperatures (318 and 338 K), those values go up to 97.3 % for the methoxy-substituted compound. Electrochemical measurements depicted that the charge-transfer mechanism controlled the corrosive and inhibitive processes and that the presence of the four organic substances in the electrolyte enhanced the polarization resistance and significantly diminished the corrosion density current, acting by adsorption on the metal surface. Polarization curves confirmed that they all are mixed-type corrosion inhibitors. Atomic Force Microscopy illustrated the topography of the metallic surface and suggested to the formation of a protective layer. Atomistic simulations by first-principles Density Functional Theory revealed the formation of covalent bonds between quinolone molecules and the iron surface, with MODC and AODC having the stronger negative interaction energy values compared to NODC and CODC compounds. Electronic analysis of the adsorption geometries of molecules at Fe(110) indicated that chemical coordination is a result of strong charge transfer and charge rearrangement upon adsorption.

Acalypha wilkesiana acid extract as a potential green inhibitor for corrosion of mild steel in acidic medium: Thermodynamics and kinetics study

The use of synthetic compounds as corrosion inhibitor is diminishing due to strict environmental regulations and toxic effects of the compounds on human beings and the environment. Consequently, there exists the need to develop a new class of corrosion inhibitors with low toxicity, eco-friendliness and good efficiency. Therefore, this study investigates the inhibitory potential of Acalypha wilkesiana (AWAE) extract on mild steel in 1M HCl using weight loss method. Experiments were performed by varying immersion period, concentration of the inhibitor and temperature. The results obtained showed a decrease in the corrosion rate of mild steel as the extract concentration increases while the inhibition efficiency increases with extract concentration. Effect of temperature on the inhibition efficiency showed an increase in inhibition efficiency with rise in temperature. The adsorption of the inhibitor on the mild steel surface in acid solution was found to obey the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Calculated thermodynamic parameters revealed that the mechanism of the corrosion inhibition may be due to the chemical adsorption of the phyto-constituents on the surface of mild steel. Kinetic treatment of the data followed a first order reaction and the half-life values of the metal increase with increase in the extract concentration. Preliminary investigation of the phytochemical constituents showed that Acalypha wilkesiana contains tannin, flavonoid, saponin, alkaloid, steroid , terpenoid and some other compounds in trace quantity. FTIR results indicate that AWAE contains O and N atoms in functional groups and aromatic ring which meet the general consideration of a typical corrosion inhibitor.

In Silico studies on Triazole derivatives as corrosion inhibitors on mild steel in acidic media

In Silico studies on Triazole derivatives as corrosion inhibitors on mild steel in acidic media

Eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in acidic media

Eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in acidic media

Chitosan based titanium and iron oxide hybrid bio-polymeric nanocomposites as potential corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in acidic medium

Biopolymer chitosan (CS), chitosan grafted acrylamide based titanium dioxide (CS-g-PAM/TiO2) and magnetite (CS-g-PAM/Fe3O4) hybrid nanocomposites have been synthesized through free radical graft co-polymerization and successfully validated as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in 15 % HCl solution. The synthesized compounds have been characterized through FTIR, APC, XRD and TEM. The thermal stability of the nanocomposites was established by TGA. The anticorrosive performance was determined through gravimetric measurements and by electrochemical study. According to EIS technique it was observed that CS-g-PAM/TiO2 and CS-g-PAM/Fe3O4 showed maximum 97.19 % and 95.49 % efficiency respectively. Langmuir adsorption isotherm is obeyed in each case. The activation and adsorption parameters have been determined from isotherm study. FESEM and AFM confirmed better adsorption layer formed by composites over mild steel surface. The elemental composition of the metal samples was proved by the XPS investigation. DFT and ANOVA test further corroborates the experimental results.

Synthesis and Evaluation of modified Chitosan – Gluteraldehyde as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in acidic medium

Synthesis and Evaluation of modified Chitosan – Gluteraldehyde as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in acidic medium

Schiff bases as corrosion inhibitorson mild steel in acidic medium: Gravimetric, electrochemical, surface morphological and computational studies

In the present study, Schiff basestetrayltetrakis (azanylylidene) tetrakis ethan-1-yl-1-ylidene) tetraphenol (BTAT) and hydroxyimino (butan-2-ylidene amino)-biphenyl (4-yl imino) butan-2-one oxime (HABO) were prepared in the laboratory and utilized as corrosion inhibitor on mild steel (MS) in HCl solution by performinggravimetric and electrochemical studies.The offered corrosion inhibition efficiency of BTAT and HABO was 96.63 % and 96.05 %, respectively, in presence of 100 ppm inhibitor concentration at 298 K temperature. On the basis of gravimetric data and electrochemical analysis, it is inferred that adsorption of BTAT and HABO on MS surface occurs through mixed adsorption process and obeyed Langmuir adsorption isotherm.The surface analysisof uninhibited and inhibited sample was done by using FESEM, AFM, and XPS analyses to confirmthe adsorptionof inhibitor molecules on the MS surfacewhich caused the corrosion inhibition of mild steel. Density functional theory (DFT) and Monte Carlo simulations (MCS) was performed to support the results achieved from the gravimetric and electrochemical analysis.

Choline amino acid ionic liquids as green corrosion inhibitors of mild steel in acidic medium

The corrosion inhibition performance of three choline amino acid ionic liquids ([Ch][AA]ILs) for mild steel in 1 M HCl solution was evaluated by electrochemical analysis, gravimetric measurement, and surface morphological characterization in the temperature range of 298–328 K in this paper. The results of the polarization experiments show that [Ch][AA]ILs affect the cathode and anode reaction processes, proving that [Ch][AA]ILs are mixed corrosion inhibitors. Choline phenylalanine ionic liquids ([Ch][Phe]) exhibit the highest corrosion prevention efficiency among the three chosen corrosion inhibitors, as proven by SEM/EDS scanning, XPS analysis, and molecular dynamics simulation. The values of standard free energy of adsorption ΔGads range between − 20 kJ·mol-1 and − 40 kJ·mol-1, showing that inhibitor molecule adsorption on the metal surface involves both physical and chemical adsorption. According to the results of XPS research and quantum chemical calculations, the adsorption of corrosion inhibitor molecules on the metal surface is strongly related to the anions. The corrosion inhibitor molecules form a thick monolayer adsorption layer on the metal surface, preventing metal-corrosive media interaction. The molecular dynamics simulation findings reveal that the corrosion inhibitor molecules replace the solvent water or any other ions pre-adsorbed on the metal surface during the adsorption process, protecting the metal from corrosion.

Electrochemical Synthesis of Rutile Phase Titanium Dioxide Nanosheets for Corrosion Protection of Mild Steel in Acidic Media

Electrochemical Synthesis of Rutile Phase Titanium Dioxide Nanosheets for Corrosion Protection of Mild Steel in Acidic Media

Chemical and Electrochemical Investigation of a Novel Liquid Crystal as an Anticorrosion Agent for Mild Steel in Acidic Media

Chemical and Electrochemical Investigation of a Novel Liquid Crystal as an Anticorrosion Agent for Mild Steel in Acidic Media

Corrosion mitigation performance of pyrazole derivative on mild steel in acidic media: Electrochemical and theoretical approach

• The inhibition effect of 5-Acetyl-2H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (APCE) molecule on the corrosion of mild steel in HCl medium was investigated. • Adsorption of APCE molecule on the metal obeying Langmuir isotherm. • Electrochemical measurement shows the inhibition efficiency around 91%. • SEM and AFM analysis further evidenced by protective film formation. • Structure-property and inhibitor metal interaction proved by DFT approach. Pyrazoles have achieved in recent eras huge prominence because of their effectiveness in obstructing metallic corrosion. Therefore, 5-Acetyl-2H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (APCE) have intended to study as an anticorrosive agent for the metal exposed in 1 M HCl at distinct temperatures. Weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance performances are applied to substantiate the interaction of APCE on the mild steel surface against deterioration. In the Nyquist spectrum, the increase in diameter of a capacitive semicircle indicates the increase in surface coverage capacity of APCE molecules. The maximum displacement of corrosion potential in potentiodynamic polarisation study indicates that the investigated molecule is the mixed-type protector. The inhibitor adsorbed on the deterioration sites of the steel plane follows Langmuir model of adsorption isotherm. Electrochemical measurements confirmed the adsorption of APCE on mild steel with 90.75% corrosion inhibition efficiency at 100 ppm. The increased value of activation energy by the addition of APCE confirms their energy barrier against metal corrosion. Quantum chemical analysis is the supportive evidence for the donation of electrons from inhibitor to Fe plane. SEM and EDS analysis illustrate the construction of a defensive inhibitor layer on the exterior of the metal. A greatly lowered peak height and valley depth value for protected surface in AFM analysis also divulges the topological improvement against surface aggression.

Experimental and theoretical investigation on the anti-corrosive potential of potassium ethyl xanthogenate for corrosion of mild steel in acidic media

Experimental and theoretical investigation on the anti-corrosive potential of potassium ethyl xanthogenate for corrosion of mild steel in acidic media

Ureidopyrimidinone-containing Poly(amino ester) for corrosion inhibition of mild steel in acidic medium

Ureidopyrimidinone-containing Poly(amino ester) (UPy-D400-PEGDA) was synthesized by the Michael addition reaction of Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate and polyether amine grafted 2-ureido-4[1H]-pyrimidinone motifs, and its corrosion inhibition efficiency on Q235 steel in 1 mol/L HCl medium was studied by polarization curve and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, as well as corrosion product analysis. UPy-D400-PEGDA is a mixed-typed corrosion inhibitor that mainly suppressed the cathode, can form a protective film on the surface of mild steel to suppress the corrosion of oxygen and chlorine in acid medium. Corrosion inhibition efficiency was gradually enhanced with the increase of the concentration of UPy-D400-PEGDA. The corrosion inhibition efficiency reaches 98.80% when the inhibitor concentration is 500 mg/L. The surface roughness of mild steel in 1 mol/L HCl solution without UPy-D400-PEGDA was 3.891 μm, while the roughness of mild steel with UPy-D400-PEGDA concentration of 500 mg/L was only 0.636 μm. The inhibition mechanism was elucidated using quantum chemical calculation.

Imidazole-thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazoles as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in acidic media: experimental and theoretical investigation

Imidazole-thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazoles as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in acidic media: experimental and theoretical investigation

Corrosion inhibition, surface adsorption and computational studies of new sustainable and green inhibitor for mild steel in acidic medium

• After soaking in 0.4 g/L at 303 K, the inhibition efficiency reached 94.1% and 91.6% for OEAq and OEEt, respectively. • SEM and EDX studies support the formation of inhibitors film on steel surface. • Theoretical and experimental results are in good agreement. The inhibitory effect investigation of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Origanum elongatum Plant (will be referred to in this paper, respectively, as “OEAq and OEEt” ) on mild steel corrosion in HCl solutions has been evaluated. The analysis and characterization of both products extracted ( OEAq and OEEt ) were performed using HPLC-UV-ELSD-MS techniques. Various electrochemical techniques was used such as weight loss measurements, potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in order to advance in the inhibition process. An appreciable inhibitory effect for both tested inhbitory has been obtained from all the combined results. Experimental results revealed that OEAq and OEEt can be considered as good green inhibitors and that OEAq is more efficient than OEEt with a maximum inhibition efficiency of 94.1% at 0.4 g/L at 303 K. The inhibition efficiency of each inhibitor increases sharply with increasing concentration and a decreasing of efficiency was observed with increasing temperature for both inhibitors. Both OEAq and OEEt were seen to act as a mixed type inhibitors from PDP study and according to EIS technical, their corrosion process is charge transfer controlled. Thermodynamic and activation parameters were determined to discuss the inhibitory behaviour of tested extracts molecules. The two extracts OEAq and OEEt obey to Langmuir adsorption isotherm model as a result of their adsorption on mild steel surface. Morphology of the metal specimen surface without and with inhibitors was investigated using Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and EDX spectrum. The electronic characteristics of major compounds of OEAq and OEEt ( MC-OEAq and MC-OEEt ) were studied using the DFT method (density functional theory), the Fukui indices and MD (molecular dynamics) modelling in order to predict the spontaneous adsorption.