Mild Steel In Acidic Medium Research Articles

Effect of cetyl pyridinium chloride on corrosion inhibition of mild steel in acidic medium

The corrosion inhibition behavior of cetyl pyridinium chloride (CPC) on mild steel (MS) in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution was examined using weight loss and potentiodynamic polarization method. Different concentrations of CPC (0.000192 M, 0.0038 M, 0.0057 M and 0.0077 M) was used to find the balanced CPC in the acid solution. Among them, 0.000192 M and 0.0077 M of CPC solution showed a corrosion rate of 8.23×10−3, 3.52×10−5 (mm/Year), and the inhibition efficiency of 89.94 % and 96.23 %, respectively, which is lower than the pure acidic solution (0.5 M H2SO4). Furthermore, the experimented MS surfaces were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). FESEM and AFM studies demonstrated the corrosion attack on the MS surface, which is relatively less as compared to the only acid-exposed surface. The SEM-EDX analysis indicates the presence of nitro-group on the MS surface, which might be due to the contribution of pyridinium protonation of CPC. This phenomenon might enhance the corrosion resistance on the MS surface.

Highly Efficient and Water-Soluble Substituted Pyridinyl Ethyl Urea Inhibitors for the Protection of Mild Steel in Acidic Medium: An Experimental, DFT, and Molecular Dynamics Studies

Highly Efficient and Water-Soluble Substituted Pyridinyl Ethyl Urea Inhibitors for the Protection of Mild Steel in Acidic Medium: An Experimental, DFT, and Molecular Dynamics Studies

Effect of substitution on corrosion inhibition properties of 4-(substituted fluoro, chloro, and amino) Benzophenone derivatives on mild steel in acidic medium: A combined Electrochemical, surface characterization and theoretical approach

Background: In this study, three mono-substituted Benzophenone (BP) derivatives, 4-Fluorobenzophenone (4-F.BP), 4-Chlorobenzophenone (4-C.BP), and 4-Aminobenzophenone (4-A.BP) were investigated using a combined electrochemical, surface characterization and theoretical approach. Methods: In experiment, the effectiveness of 4-F.BP, 4-C.BP, and 4-A.BP in inhibiting mild steel corrosion in a 1 N HCl solution were investigated using gravimetric measurements at several temperatures (303–333 K), electrochemical measurements (Potentiodynamic Polarization (PDP), and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS)), UV–visible analysis, Surface morphology test (SEM and EDAX analysis, AFM analysis, water contact angle measurement, XPS analysis) as well as theoretical studies. Significant findings: Increase in the inhibitor concentrations (160, 200, 240 and 280 ppm) exhibited a maximum percentage of inhibition efficiency (IE %) of 83.75 %, 88.75 %, and 93.75 % for 280 ppm of 4-F.BP, 4-C.BP, and 4-A.BP respectively at 303 K. However, with increase in the temperature from 303 to 333 K, IE % furthermore reduced to 52.41 %, 57.24 %, and 66.20 % at 333 K. The potentiodynamic polarization plots revealed that all molecules acted as mixed-type corrosion inhibitors and had an exceptional ability to inhibit the anodic reaction. Moreover, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Atomic force microscopy (AFM), and Contact angle measurement (CAM) confirms the formation of protective layer on the metal surface by the chosen inhibitors. The X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) data confirms the bonding interaction between the functional groups and the metal surface. Furthermore, Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculation and Molecular Dynamics simulations (MD) were carried out to understand inhibition's molecular/atomic mechanisms. In summary, the suggested benzophenone derivatives are effective and economical anticorrosion agents for mild steel surfaces exposed to aggressive environments.

Schiff base derived from 2-hydroxy napthaldehyde as anti-corrosive for mild steel in acid media: experimental investigation and theoretical modelling

Schiff bases (SBs) have the fundamental characteristics of substances that are mostly eligible for testing as inhibitors of corrosion for various metal/electrolyte systems. Through their electron-rich centres, such as the > C = N– (imine) moiety, SBs adsorb and create a surface coating that mitigates corrosion. Because of its π-acceptor characteristics, the > C = N– (imine) moiety provides a strong bonding with the metallic ions. It's vital to note that SBs with polar substituents at the right locations can form chelates with the central metal ions; as a result, these SBs are anticipated to function better as corrosion inhibitors than SBs without substituents. Two distinct Schiff bases, NL1 and NL2, with naphthalene rings have been synthesised, and their structures have been confirmed by the use of 1H and 13C NMR spectrum methods. The anticorrosion potential of the NL1 and NL2 was further confirmed by quantum chemical calculations such as DFT studies and ESP diagrams. The corrosion inhibition potential of the NL1 and NL2 was investigated using the electrochemical method, demonstrating maximum corrosion inhibition efficiency up to 89.2% and 89.5%, respectively on mild steel in 1 M HCl media. The results are further supported by Scanning Electron microscopic (SEM) images and EDAX studies.

Enhanced Corrosion Resistance of Mild Steel in Acidic Media Using PVA‐Chitosan‐Dopamine Composite Coatings

AbstractIn this study, corrosion control of mild steel in acidic media was conducted in the presence of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)‐chitosan and PVA‐chitosan‐dopamine composite coatings. Weight loss, polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) studies were conducted to study the protective mechanisms and performance of PVA‐chitosan coatings. The results showed a substantial reduction in weight loss, corrosion rates, and corrosion current densities for coated specimens indicating the effectiveness of the composite coatings. PVA‐chitosan and PVA‐chitosan‐dopamine coatings showed high inhibition efficiencies (IE) up to 90.65 % and 96.01 % respectively. The electrochemical findings were supported using surface characterization techniques such as SEM to obtain a complete understanding of the coatings’ morphology and composition. The topographical analysis confirmed that dopamine significantly influenced the surface morphology and behavior of the nanocomposite. The FTIR spectrum of composite B, which combined PVA and chitosan, exhibited notable changes, including a decrease in both the intensity and frequency of the OH band. The potential of PVA‐chitosan‐dopamine coatings as effective corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in acidic environments offered practical solutions for diverse industrial applications.

The Corrosion inhibitory performance of hybridized rice-husk extract and biopolymer waste on food-compatible mild steel in acidic media

The Corrosion inhibitory performance of hybridized rice-husk extract and biopolymer waste on food-compatible mild steel in acidic media

CORROSION INHIBITION BEHAVIOUR OF CUSTARD APPLE LEAVES AND ACACIA CONCINNA EXTRACT ON MILD STEEL IN ACIDIC MEDIA: ADSORPTION AND THERMODYNAMIC STUDY

Custard apple leaves extract (CALE) was tested to evaluate corrosion inhibition efficiency for mild steel under acidic medium. The test metal substrate was collected over a period of 24 hr of contacting with acid to determine the corrosion inhibition efficiency (CIE) and corrosion rate (CR) using the Gravimetric analysis. The findings of the study were applied to examine the adsorption behavior and thermodynamic characteristics for CALE as a potential corrosion inhibitor in acidic environment. Mild steel exhibited the highest corrosion rate in the absence of a corrosion inhibitor in a 0.5 M sulphuric acid solution. However, the rate of corrosion was observed to decrease gradually with increase in CALE concentration (0.4–2.0 g/l). The similar trend was noted at the experimental temperature range of 298-328 K. Adsorption behavior was investigated using the Langmuir, Temkin, Freundlich, and Flory Huggins adsorption isotherm models. The Temkin adsorption isotherm model provides the best fit to the experimental data. Besides, the negative values of Gibb’s free energy of adsorption (ΔGad) reveal strong evidence for the spontaneous nature of CALE adsorption on mild steel surface. The increase in activation energy (Ea) from 35.05 kJ/mol in the blank test solution to 68.03 kJ/mol at 2.0 g/l concentration of CALE indicates the formation of a protective film of inhibitor molecules on the metal surface. Adsorption enthalpy values (∆H=31.28-73.79 kJ/mol) over the concentration range (0-2.0g/l of CALE) implies physical adsorption, whereas negative entropy values (ΔS) suggests free movement of inhibitor molecules in the bulk solution. Additionally, a synergistic effect was demonstrated in lowering the corrosion rate by combining Acacia concinna extract (ACE, 0.1-0.3 g/l) with CALE, thereby enhancing the overall corrosion inhibition efficiency. For citation: Jitendra Kisan Shinde, Ravindra Gulab Puri, Pawan Devidas Meshram, Rajkumar Shankarrao Sirsam Corrosion inhibition behaviour of Custard apple leaves and Acacia concinna extract on mild steel in acidic media: adsorption and thermodynamic study. ChemChemTech [Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol.]. 2024. V. 67. N 7. P. 119-126. DOI: 10.6060/ivkkt.20246707.7038.

Relation of alkyl chain length and corrosion inhibition efficiency of N-Acylated Chitosans over mild steel in acidic medium

The present investigation is focussed on unveiling the potential of ecologically safe Chitosan derived N-Acylated products (N-ACs) as anti-corrosive agents for mild steel in 0.5 M H2SO4. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) including potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) and potentiostatic electrochemical impedance were deployed to evaluate their anti-corrosive performance and the results of the same reported N-acylated chitosan derivatives project remarkable inhibition efficiency with the most effective performance of 96.80% at 250 mgL-1. The pronounced inhibition efficiency reported was conclusively accredited to the availability of heteroatoms in modified chitosan which further aid in the formation of a protective barrier over mild steel counterparts. The final acylated products were reported to be mixed type as demarcated by PDP results. Further, the prevention ability of modified chitosan was obtained via adsorption and the Langmuir adsorption model was best seen as suitable in this regard. Surface studies and theoretical modeling including Global Reactivity results, molecular Dynamic Modelling (MD), and Density Functional Bond Tight Binding Results (DFBT) were incorporated to gain insights into the molecular level of interactions between metal and N-ACs.

Quinoline derivatives as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in acid medium: Deeper insights from experimental, ab initio density functional theory modeling, and in silico ecotoxicity investigations

Two (E)-2-(((2-((7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)amino)ethyl)imino)methyl)-4-R-phenol Schiff bases derivatives CMN (R = NO2) and CMP (R = H) were successfully prepared. Then, CMN and CMP were evaluated as corrosion inhibitors for 1020 mild steel in 1.0 mol L–1 HCl using different methods. Gravimetric experiments have shown that CMN and CMP reach efficiencies of 80 and 91% at 1.45 mmol L–1. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) measurements have indicated the formation of a protective adsorbed film on the mild steel surface. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), Linear Polarization Resistance (LPR), Potentiodynamic Polarization (PP), and Electrochemical Frequency Modulation (EFM) have also shed some light on electrochemical behavior of compounds. These data have depicted better polarization resistance and lower corrosion current density in the presence of both organic molecules, also proving that the process is controlled by charge transfer and that CMN and CMP are mixed-type corrosion inhibitors. ab initio Density Functional Theory (DFT) investigated how two quinoline-based molecules (CMN and CMP) prevent corrosion on iron surfaces. Simulations revealed CMP bonds more strongly to iron than CMN, leading to better protection. Simulations also showed that these inhibitor molecules form a protective layer on the iron, slowing down the movement of corrosive substances. Environment risk assessment through QSAR-based models have indicated that the corrosion inhibitors do not have the potential to bioaccumulate in fish. Still, the acute and chronic toxicity values at the different trophic levels investigated call for attention for environmentally friendly structural optimization.

Exploring the efficacy of novel thiohydantoin derivatives with arylacetamide core as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in acidic medium: insights from electrochemical analysis, comprehensive characterization, and quantum studies

Two new compounds of Thiohydantoin Derivatives N-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-((5-oxo-4,4-diphenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole-2-yl)thio) acetamide and N-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-((5-oxo-4,4-diphenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole-2-yl)thio) acetamide symbolized by NNOITAcetamide and N-FOITAcetamide respectively, were synthesized and characterized by NMR spectroscopy. Their effectiveness in inhibiting mild steel (M-S) corrosion in 1.0 M HCl at 298 K was investigated by potentiodynamic polarisation (PDP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), electrochemical frequency modulation (EFM), and surface examinations via energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as well as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Experimental results have been supported by theoretical studies such as Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations and Monte Carlo (MC) simulation studies. All findings indicate that inhibitors have a considerable impact on lowering the rate of corrosion, and that the efficiency of the inhibitors rises with the concentration of the inhibitor. Experimental results revealed that the efficacy of the new thiohydantoin derivatives with an arylacetamide nucleus increased with increasing inhibitor concentration, where their inhibition efficiencies reached maximum values of 92.1 %, 94.1 %, for NNOITAcetamide and N-FOITAcetamide, at 10−3 M, respectively. In addition, the icorr decreased with increasing concentration up to 85 µA cm−2 and 58 for NNOITAcetamide and N-FOITAcetamide respectively, with a blank as a reference of 1045 µA cm−2, while the efficacy reduces as the temperature increases. The activation and thermodynamic parameters indicated that these products act via chemical adsorption on the mild steel surface. Furthermore, the surface analysis (SEM, EDS, and XPS) confirmed the formation of a protective layer adsorbed on the mild steel surface. Polarization curves indicated that NNOITAcetamide and N-FOITAcetamide are mixed-type inhibitors. Moreover, the quantum chemical calculation well supports the experimental results.

Electrochemical analysis of corrosion inhibition shallot leaf (Allium cepa) extract on mild steel in acidic medium at different immersion times

Plant derivatives as eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors are currently greatly interested in much research. Shallot leaf (Allium cepa) was utilized in 0.1M HCl as a corrosion inhibitor of mild steel. The functional groups present in the macerated extract were subsequently identified using an FTIR test. Electrochemical tests such as tafel polarization and EIS were carried out to determine the corrosion inhibition performance of shallot leaf extract on the SS400 steel. The results of the electrochemical analysis show that shallot leaf extract can inhibit mild steel up to 94% at a concentration of 500 ppm. Furthermore, the addition of SLE reduces surface damage of mild steel, which can be seen by SEM.

Synthesis of New 1,2,4-Triazole Containing Copolymers and Their Corrosion Inhibition оf Mild Steel in Acidic Medium

Synthesis of New 1,2,4-Triazole Containing Copolymers and Their Corrosion Inhibition оf Mild Steel in Acidic Medium

A novel corrosion inhibitor based on a Schiff base for mild steel in 1M HCl: synthesis and anticorrosion study

PurposeThe aim of this study was to investigate the activity of 4-((4-((2-hydroxyethyl)(methyl)amino)benzylidene) amino)-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one (HEMAP), a Schiff base synthesized and characterized for the first time, to the authors’ knowledge, as a novel inhibitor against corrosion of mild steel (MS) in hydrochloric acid solution.Design/methodology/approachHEMAP was characterized by some spectroscopic methods including High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS), Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR), Carbon-13 (C13) nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). Then, the inhibition efficiency of HEMAP on MS in a hydrochloric acid solution was investigated by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). To explain the inhibition mechanism, the surface charge, adsorption isotherms and thermodynamic parameters of MS in the inhibitor solution were studied.FindingsEIS tests displayed that the highest inhibition efficiency was calculated approximately as 99.5% for 5 × 10−2 M HEMAP in 1 M HCl solution. The adsorption of HEMAP on the MS surface was found to be compatible with the Langmuir model isotherm. The thermodynamic parameter results showed that the standard free energy of adsorption of HEMAP on the MS surface was found to be more chemical than physical.Originality/valueThis study is important in terms of demonstrating the performance of the first synthesized HEMAP molecule as an inhibitor against the corrosion of MS in acidic media. EIS tests displayed that the highest inhibition efficiency was calculated approximately as 99.5% for 5 × 10−2 M HEMAP in 1 M HCl solution.

Experimental and Quantum Chemical Investigation of Corrosion Inhibitive Action of Sertraline on Mild Steel in Acidic Medium

Experimental and Quantum Chemical Investigation of Corrosion Inhibitive Action of Sertraline on Mild Steel in Acidic Medium

An environmentally sustainable approach for the utilization of Erigeron bonariensis as a green inhibitor against weathering steel corrosion in acidic media.

In the realm of corrosion mitigation, the search for sustainable and ecologically accountable inhibitors attracts significant interest from the environmental point of view. This study investigates the intriguing possibilities presented by Erigeron bonariensis (EB) as a green and innovative corrosion inhibitor for weathering steel in 1 M H2SO4. EB, a naturally abundant plant species, holds promise as a green and sustainable inhibitor due to its inherent chemical composition in the environment. The intricate interplay between the phytochemical constituents of the extract and the corrosive environment is meticulously deciphered. Furthermore, the environmentally benign nature of the inhibitor adds an extra layer of significance to its application, aligning with contemporary green chemistry principles. The inhibition effect of Erigeron bonariensis (EB) extract on the corrosion of mild steel in acidic media (H2SO4) was studied using weight loss, absorption studies, phytochemical analysis, electrochemical methods, and scanning electron microscopy. The experimental findings revealed that an increase in inhibitor concentration is correlated with higher inhibition efficiency. The adsorption of inhibitor molecules on the mild steel surface was found to agree with the UV-Vis adsorption spectrum. Additionally, a surface study conducted using scanning electron microscopy indicated notable differences in the presence and absence of inhibitors for weathering steel. At 2000 mg L-1, EB extract has the best inhibitory efficiency for weathering steel in 1 M H2SO4 of 99.50% by the leaf part, followed by 94.35% by the flower part, and 85.22% by the stem part. Overall, this study suggests that EB extract serves as a promising alternative for corrosion prevention, demonstrating significant inhibition efficiency.

Inhibitory Effect of Stachytarpheta mutabilis Extracts on the Corrosion of Mild Steel in Acidic Media

The anticorrosive potential of Stachytarpheta mutabilis leaf extract (SMLE) as a corrosion inhibitor for corrosion of mild steel (MS) in 1 M HCl was investigated using weight loss measurement as well as gasometric techniques at 30 and 60 oc. Relevant thermodynamic equations were employed to estimate the activation energy, enthalpy change and entropy change. The adsorption isotherms were used to determine the Gibbs free energy change. Results obtained showed that SMLE functioned as an excellent corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in the acidic environment. Temperature studies revealed a decrease in inhibition efficiency with increase in temperature and activation energies increased in the presence of the extract. The adsorption of SMLE on mild steel was approximated using Freundlich, Flory-Huggins, Frumkin, El-Awary’s and Temkin isotherms but Langmuir gave the best fit. Both kinetic and thermodynamic parameters governing the adsorption process were calculated and discussed. The adsorption followed a first order kinetics. As concluded from the results, the adsorption of S. mutabilis on mild steel in 1M HCl medium is feasible, spontaneous and it occurred by physical adsorption. From the experimental results obtained, it can be concluded that SMLE inhibit corrosion effectively when compared well with many reported green inhibitors for MS corrosion.

Theory and experimental investigations on the effect of the halogenated chain of new synthesis compounds based on benzimidazole derivatives on the inhibition corrosion of mild steel in acid media

Theory and experimental investigations on the effect of the halogenated chain of new synthesis compounds based on benzimidazole derivatives on the inhibition corrosion of mild steel in acid media

Experimental and theoretical investigation of spiro heterocyclic compound as potential inhibitor for mild steel in acid media

The corrosion inhibition performance of spiropyrazoline was explored for mild steel corrosion in 1M HCl and 0.5M H2SO4 using weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance studies. Inhibition efficiency of the inhibitor increased with increase in concentration within the range of 1–9 ppm. Spiropyrazoline inhibitor showed better inhibition performance of 92.6 %, 97.7 % in 1 M HCl and 0.5 M H2SO4, respectively at 9 ppm concentration by forming protective film on the metallic surface. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis (EIS) revealed an increase in polarization resistance due to the adsorbed inhibitor molecules. Potentiodynamic polarization analysis reveals that spiropyrazoline behaved as a mixed type inhibitor. The adsorption of the inhibitor on the metal surface found to obeying Langmuir and Temkin adsorption isotherm at room temperature. Surface morphology of the protective layer was examined by FTIR, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The inhibition mechanism of the inhibitor molecule was proposed in the light of the quantum chemical calculations using DFT.

Green-synthetized β-amino-α-carbethoxy ethyl acrylates as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in acid media: Experimental performance evaluation and atomic/molecular-level modeling

Two β-amino acrylate derivatives were synthesized through a solvent- and heating-free mechanochemical procedure. Those substances were tested as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in acidic environment (1 mol/L HCl). Weight Loss Study demonstrated that both molecules mitigate corrosion with 85 and 90 % efficiencies. Electrochemical experiments proved that the corrosion mechanism is charge transfer and that the presence of EOAB and DBMM at any tested concentration in the electrolyte significantly increases the polarization resistance and lowers the corrosion density current. This phenomenon is due to the adsorption of the molecules on the mild steel surface, leading to the formation of a protection film that prevents the corrosion reaction, as suggested by Atomic Force Microscopy topographic images. The self-consistent-charge density-functional tight-binding method (SCC-DFTB) revealed that their adsorption strength on the iron surface followed well the corrosion inhibition performance. Both inhibitor molecules formed covalent bonds with iron atoms as evidenced from stable adsorption geometries and projected density of states. Quantum chemical parameters seem to fail in predicting the experimental performance. Outcomes from the present study confirmed the fact that an additional functional group would lead to an increased inhibition performance is not a granted correlation.

Analysis of natural okra extracts as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in acidic medium.

Plant extracts have been shown to effectively inhibit metal corrosion. Using the Box-Behnken design, gravimetric, and electrochemical techniques, analyses were designed to investigate the anti-corrosion potential of okra in a 1M HCl medium. The inhibition performances derived from the various methods were in good agreement, demonstrating that physio-chemisorption was effective and adhered to the Langmuir isotherm model. The efficiency of okra mucilage extract was 96% at a much lower concentration compared to 91.2% and 88.4% for the unsieved extract and gelly-okra filtrate, respectively. FTIR results showed the presence of several functional groups in the okra mucilage extract that are associated with adsorption, and TGA analysis revealed that the extract has high thermal stability. FESEM analysis also supported evidence of adsorption. It was determined that corrosion inhibition by okra mucilage extract was primarily influenced by temperature, followed by extract concentration, with immersion time having the least effect. From the model optimization, it was observed that okra mucilage extract at 200 ppm, 60°C, and 24 h gave an inhibition efficiency of 89.98% and high desirability. These results demonstrate the high capacity of natural okra as an efficient biodegradable corrosion inhibitor.