Mild Brain Injury Patients Research Articles

Nursing Care in Mild Brain Injury Patients on Intracranial Adaptive Capacity Reduction Diagnosis

Introduction: Head injury or Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is defined as a disturbance in the normal functioning of the brain that can be caused by a collision, blow, or jolt to the head or a penetrating head injury. Decreased intracranial adaptive capacity is a disturbance of the intracranial dynamics mechanism in compensating for stimuli that can reduce intracranial capacity. This study aims to explore nursing problems in clients with mild brain injury. Methods: This study uses a case report research design. The population in this study were patients admitted to the roudloh room with mild brain injury as many as 4 people. The sample was selected using purposive sampling technique and obtained a sample of 2 patients with a nursing problem of decreased intracranial adaptive capacity. Data collection using surgical medical nursing assessment format. Data was analyzed with descriptive analitic. Results: The assessment results found that both patients experienced headaches, vertigo, nausea and vomiting and blurred vision. The nursing problem raised is a decrease in intracranial adaptive capacity. The intervention given is to provide a 30⁰ head elevation. From the results of the intervention, it was found that the intervention had been resolved. Conclusion: Giving semi fowler position with head elevation 30 ° in patients with nursing problems decreased intracranial adaptive capacity is very effective. The provision of interventions provided for 3 days with a 30 ° head elevation showed that both patients achieved outcome. Keywords: Mild Head Injury, Head Elevation 30⁰, Head Injury

A pilot study on the adequacy of the TOMM in detecting invalid performance in patients with substance use disorders

ABSTRACT Objective: The validity of neuropsychological test performance has scarcely been studied in patients with substance use disorders (SUD), despite the possibility that some SUD individuals may distort their performance for compensation seeking (e.g., work leave, permanent or total disability, or the designation of services such as sheltered housing). Thus, the aim of the present study is to determine: (i) the possible utility of the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM) in detecting invalid test results among SUD patients, and (ii) the percentage of individuals that underperform the TOMM among SUD patients seeking compensation. Method: Seventy-seven patients (59 men and 18 women) with SUD in outpatient treatment with an age range between 20 and 59 years were divided into two groups: SUD patients without compensation seeking (n = 41), and SUD patients with compensation seeking (n = 36). Participants performed a neuropsychological assessment with measures of processing speed, working memory, inhibition, verbal memory, cognitive flexibility, and decision-making, that also included the TOMM. Results: Our results demonstrate that there were no significant differences on TOMM performance between the two groups. Only one participant underperformed the TOMM (1.3% of the sample). Results showed cognitive impairment in the sample, but no differences between the groups on the different neuropsychological measures. Conclusions: This constitutes the first study to explore the capacity of a forced-choice test to detect invalid test results in an SUD population. There was a high performance on the TOMM among the SUD participants of our study despite their cognitive impairment, indicating adequate effort in their neuropsychological test performance. Further, these findings suggest that the probability of showing invalid neuropsychological performance among SUD compensation seeking patients is much lower than what has been found in other populations, such as in mild brain injury patients.

Protein S100 sebagai Petanda Kerusakan Otak pada Cedera Otak Ringan dan Sedang

Brain injury becomes worldwide public health issue since it may cause disability and mortality. The diagnosis of brain injury is made based on clinical neurology examination, and CT scan or MRI. Serum S100 protein examination in mild and moderate brain injury patients is needed to detect and evaluate the presence of post traumatic brain injury. This research subject is healthy people and patients with mild and moderate brain injury, based on their GCS grade, clinical neurologic examination, and CT scan. On these patients, the blood for S100 protein examination is taken at admission, 6 and 24 hours post trauma, and last day of hospitalization. Examination of a serum S100 protein is conducted using ECLIA method. There is significant difference (p value 0,001) in mild or moderate brain injury patients in all serum S100 protein. The peak level of serum S100 protein reached at 6 hours post trauma. Serum S100 protein in moderate brain injury patients at admission is significantly higher than the mild ones, and serum S100 protein in mild brain injury patients is also significantly higher than healthy people. Serum S100 protein can be used as brain injury biomarker to detect and evaluate the presence of post traumatic brain injury.

Mild cognitive impairment in mild brain injury (MBI) patients: An event related potential (ERP) and neuropsychology study.

Objectives: To evaluate auditory cognitive function in mild brain injury (MBI) patients, which is important to determine for rehabilitation and improve quality of their life.
 Methods: Participants (n=19/group) were divided into group 1 (G1-control), group 2 (G2/1st test-MBI/within 7 days of road traffic accident-RTA) and group 3 (G3/2nd test-MBI/2-6 months after RTA). Event related potentials (ERPs) were conducted using a 128-sensor net; participants counted silently rare target tone stimuli and ignored standard tones. Several neuropsychology tests like Verbal fluency test (PAS), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Rey Auditory Verbal and Learning Test (RAVLTIM, RAVLTDR and RAVLTTS) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were subsequently administered.
 Results: Sensory (P50, N100) and cognitive (P300) ERP components were analysed from ERP waveforms. There were no significant group differences in amplitudes or latencies for all components across sites except P300 component amplitudes at T6 location. P50, N100 and P300 ERP components exhibited non-significantly increased amplitudes in G2 and G3 compared with G1 at all sites; non-significantly shorter latencies were identified at various sites. At several locations, G3 evoked non-significantly increased amplitudes and longer latencies with shorter latencies to other sites compared with G2 in all components. The MBI (G3) group exhibited significantly increased WCST, RAVLTIM and RAVLTDR scores compared with G1.
 Conclusion: These findings indicate MBI patients may have mild auditory, cognitive and executive dysfunctions with good auditory memory. MBI was associated with mild depression.
 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(3) 2019 p.557-566

Evaluación del discurso narrativo en pacientes con daño cerebral leve

In clinical practice there are few test that language therapist can use for the oral speech evaluation. The battery that has been frecuently used for the aphasia assessment, doesn´t usually give us this type of data, and when it happens, it is just a global description of the language of the subject, which doesn't make possible a detailed pursuit of the evolution. The relevance of linguistic production´s assessment becomes more evident in the study of patients with mild injury as well as when patient is in an advanced recovery stage. An assessment without a speech analysis uses to overestimate the subject's capacities and usually ends in an incomplete and inadequate intervention. The aim of the present work was to review different studies that include the narrative speech as part of the assessment, and to explore, with the study of a single case, some applications in this kind of studies for language evaluation in mild brain injury patients.

Evaluación del discurso narrativo en pacientes con daño cerebral leve [Evaluation of the narrative speech in patients with mild cerebral injury

In clinical practice there are few test that language therapist can use for the oral speech evaluation. The battery that has been frecuently used for the aphasia assessment, doesn´t usually give us this type of data, and when it happens, it is just a global description of the language of the subject, which doesn't make possible a detailed pursuit of the evolution. The relevance of linguistic production´s assessment becomes more evident in the study of patients with mild injury as well as when patient is in an advanced recovery stage. An assessment without a speech analysis uses to overestimate the subject's capacities and usually ends in an incomplete and inadequate intervention. The aim of the present work was to review different studies that include the narrative speech as part of the assessment, and to explore, with the study of a single case, some applications in this kind of studies for language evaluation in mild brain injury patients.