Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate auditory cognitive function in mild brain injury (MBI) patients, which is important to determine for rehabilitation and improve quality of their life.
 Methods: Participants (n=19/group) were divided into group 1 (G1-control), group 2 (G2/1st test-MBI/within 7 days of road traffic accident-RTA) and group 3 (G3/2nd test-MBI/2-6 months after RTA). Event related potentials (ERPs) were conducted using a 128-sensor net; participants counted silently rare target tone stimuli and ignored standard tones. Several neuropsychology tests like Verbal fluency test (PAS), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Rey Auditory Verbal and Learning Test (RAVLTIM, RAVLTDR and RAVLTTS) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were subsequently administered.
 Results: Sensory (P50, N100) and cognitive (P300) ERP components were analysed from ERP waveforms. There were no significant group differences in amplitudes or latencies for all components across sites except P300 component amplitudes at T6 location. P50, N100 and P300 ERP components exhibited non-significantly increased amplitudes in G2 and G3 compared with G1 at all sites; non-significantly shorter latencies were identified at various sites. At several locations, G3 evoked non-significantly increased amplitudes and longer latencies with shorter latencies to other sites compared with G2 in all components. The MBI (G3) group exhibited significantly increased WCST, RAVLTIM and RAVLTDR scores compared with G1.
 Conclusion: These findings indicate MBI patients may have mild auditory, cognitive and executive dysfunctions with good auditory memory. MBI was associated with mild depression.
 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(3) 2019 p.557-566
Highlights
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and long term disability in young individuals[1, 2] with cognitive, emotional and social dysfunctions3, 4; 20% of cases comprise moderate to severe brain injury, and 80% of cases comprise mild brain injury (MBI) [2]
The amplitudes of the P50 event related potential (ERP) component were non-significantly increased in both G2 and G3 compared with G1
A non-significantly decreased PAS score and a significantly increased error score on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) in the MBI group in our study suggest that MBI patients have mild executive dysfunction (Table 5)
Summary
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and long term disability in young individuals[1, 2] with cognitive, emotional and social dysfunctions3, 4; 20% of cases comprise moderate to severe brain injury, and 80% of cases comprise mild brain injury (MBI) [2]. It is well documented that moderate to severe brain injury patients have cognitive dysfunction; controversy remains regarding cognitive impairment in MBI patients. Cognitive impairment comprises issues with learning, memory, attention, concentration, speed of processing, and complex information processing. MBI involves slower information processing with impaired attention. Impaired working memory and executive function, and impaired learning and memory 5 have been reported in MBI patients, which result in poor quality of life. Executive functions are explained as an ability that is critical to guide someone’s thought and everyday’s actions of life. Cognitive dysfunction should be examined following brain injury using brain wave recording with event related potential (ERP) and
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