Migration Behavior Research Articles

Molecular dynamic modeling and analysis of the sintering behaviors of GDC modified BSCF nanorods for rSOC oxygen electrode

Degradation including segregation and high stress related issues are significant challenges for reversible solid oxide cells (rSOCs), particularly concerning the oxygen electrode. Understanding the sintering preparation is crucial for enhancing the performance and reliability of the oxygen electrode under long-term dual-mode operation. In this study, the sintering process of Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ nanorods anchored with Gd-doped CeO2 nanoparticles (GDC-BSCF-NR) was predicted by using molecular dynamics method. To optimize the sintering process, the stress distribution, A-site ion migration behavior and thermal properties of the composite electrode materials were analyzed at different sintering temperature, the effects of nanoparticle size were also investigated. Both thermal conductivity and thermal expansion increase with sintering temperature. The particle stress of the composites correlates positively with the diffusion coefficient of ions. The diffusion coefficients of surface and internal Ba/Sr ions increase by 6%–9% from 973 K to 1373 K, while stress increases by 19%–33 %. The diffusion coefficient of BSCF particles decrease by 15.1 % with an increase in GDC nanoparticle size, which is beneficial for suppressing Ba/Sr segregation.

The influence of online information on consumers’ channel migration behavior of fresh agricultural products

IntroductionCompliance with the latest patterns in online consumption of fresh agricultural products should prioritize the shifts in consumer behavior. This study aimed to clarify the influencing factors of consumers’ channel migration behavior of fresh agricultural products. While the migration of consumers’ consumption of fresh agricultural products to online channels is an undeniable fact, and this trend continues, literature on this topic remains limited.MethodsBased on SOR theory, and from the dual perspectives of information transmission and information reception, this study exploratively introduced the network affinity of consumers, and constructed the concept model of the influencing factors of consumers’ channel migration behavior of fresh agricultural products including information acquisition and risk perception. 416 valid questionnaires were used to conduct structural equation model analysis.ResultsThe results confirm that product information and platform information significantly affect consumers’ channel migration behavior of fresh agricultural products. Product information including feature information and price information has a positive influence on consumers’ channel migration behavior of fresh agricultural products. The same is true for such behavior and the platform information including service information and logistics information. Risk perception plays a partial mediating role in the influence of product information variables and platform information variables on consumers’ online purchasing and migration behavior of fresh agricultural products. Network affinity negatively moderates the causal relationship between product information and risk perception as well as that between platform information and risk perception. The effect is more pronounced for consumers with high network affinity than those with low network affinity.DiscussionThe study presented in this paper offers a replicable theoretical framework for future discussions on consumer channel migration behavior, and enriches the literature on consumer online consumption behavior. It is highly meaningful for further improving the online consumption stickiness, tapping the potential of online consumption and improving the circulation efficiency of fresh agricultural products in the post-pandemic era.

Strain-Controlled Formation Energy and Migration of Nitrogen Vacancy in Al1-xScxN: A First-Principles Study.

The impact of strain on the formation energy and migration behavior of nitrogen vacancies (VNs) in Al1-xScxN has been investigated by first-principles calculations. The formation energy of VNs is obtained by total energy calculations. The migration barrier calculation utilizes the climbing nudged elastic band method. It is found that the formation energy of VNs is highly tunable with respect to the strain. The formation energy of VNs increases with the tensile strain increasing to +4% and decreases with the increasing compressive strain to -4%. A minimum formation energy of 4.11 eV is obtained when -4% strain is applied. Furthermore, the migration behavior of VNs is studied by calculating the migration barriers. Calculation results show that the migration barrier is strongly affected by strain. When the strain is -4%, the barrier is 2.46 eV while the barrier is increased to 2.71 eV under +4% strain. Therefore, a tensile strain can prevent the formation and migration of VNs. These findings suggest that strain engineering may serve as a tool for regulating VNs behavior in Al1-xScxN, potentially alleviating the ferroelectric degradations associated with VNs.

Migration characteristics and geohazards risk analysis of swelling clay in clayey silt hydrate sediments

The safe and long-term hydrate production in loose clayey silt sediments with high clay content is one of the research priorities, in which the fines migration is one of the key factors. The characteristics of montmorillonite swelling and dispersion make its migration behavior more challenging, which causes the evolution of reservoir seepage properties and potential geohazards risk cannot be predict. The migration behavior of montmorillonite induced by pore water was investigated, and discusses its potential impact on the geomechanical properties of the reservoir. The results show that the combined effects of montmorillonite swelling, which creates favorable conditions for blockage, and migration, which exacerbates permeability decline, make montmorillonite have a much greater effect on seepage characteristics in clayey silt sediments than illite. Higher montmorillonite content and low salinity increase the particle concentration in the pore water, which creates a source of particles for blockage. The low reynolds number indicates that the particles mainly detach from the pore wall with rolling in laminar flow and the lifting force can be neglected. As a result of this combined effect, the montmorillonite is more likely to readsorb and block the pore throat with bridging. This work will help to understand the migration behavior of montmorillonite in clayey silt formations with low permeability, which needs to be paid attention to when formulating gas production schemes and safety control strategies.

Analysis of muck migration behavior and suction port extending forward performance in the working chamber of the slurry shield machine under clay stratum

This study aimed to solve the problem of clogging in the working chamber of a large-diameter slurry shield passing through the clay stratum. Numerical simulation and experimental methods were employed to investigate the migration behavior of the muck in the original working chamber structure. The impact of increasing the percentage of scouring flow and implementing the suction port extending forward method on the muck discharge performance was also investigated. The results indicated that raising the scouring flow percentage could not improve the muck discharge performance under the original structure. However, extending the suction port to 500 mm from the slurry gate resulted in a 75.19% increase in the muck discharge rate and an 84.70% reduction in muck accumulation at the bottom of the chamber. Moreover, closing the scouring pipelines V25 and V7 after extending the suction port forward allowed for more efficient use of the limited slurry flow. Finally, an optimized suction port extending forward method was proposed and successfully applied to alleviate the clogging issue.

Investigating advection–dispersion behavior for simulation of HTO and 238Pu transport in argillaceous shale with different varying degrees of weathering

Abstract Exploring the migration behavior of radioactive nuclides in the surrounding rock media of the disposal site is the basis for the safety evaluation of radioactive waste disposal sites. In this study, the column experiment was employed to evaluate the nuclide migration behavior in the surrounding rock medium of a near-surface disposal site in China and to investigate the advection–dispersion behavior of tritium (HTO) and plutonium-238 (238Pu) in highly weathered argillaceous shale with different degree of weathering. A reasonable numerical model was selected to fit the experimental breakthrough curves (BTCs) and obtain relevant migration parameters. The results showed that: (1) the breakthrough curves of HTO and 238Pu in fractured media with varying degrees of weathering exhibited clear “peak forward” and “tail dragging” phenomena; (2) the stream tube model can better fit the BTCs of the nuclides in the highly weathered fractures and obtain the average dispersion coefficient <D>, average distribution coefficient <K d>, and other parameters; (3) the two-region non-equilibrium model can better fit the BTCs of the nuclides in the penetrating fractures and weak weathering fractures and obtain the volumetric water content of the mobile liquid region (θ m), distribution coefficient (K d), and other parameters.

Tissue distribution, migration pathways and dietary risk assessment of fungicides in pomelo orchards in South China

Fungicides are used to protect vegetables and fruits from fungal diseases. Their ubiquitous utilization has resulted in water source contamination and human health concerns. However, the occurrence of fungicides in fruits and the potential implications for human health remain unclear. In this study, ninety-five fungicides were measured in pomelo and corresponding soil and leaf samples from two pomelo orchards in South China. The mean concentration of target fungicides (∑fungicides) in pulp (honey pomelo: 0.23±0.24 ng/g; shatian pomelo: 0.23±0.11 ng/g) were much lower than those in surface soil (0.53±0.57 ng/g; 1.41±1.85 ng/g) and leaf (6.97±3.20 ng/g; 28.5±11.1 ng/g). Triazole fungicides emerged as the predominant fungicides. Varied fungicides exhibit distinct tissue distribution in fruits, demonstrating diverse migration behaviors. The distribution of all fungicides followed the order: exocarp > mesocarp > endocarp > seed > pulp. No significant associations between fungicides in both soil and pulp suggest that the primary origin of fungicides in pulp may involve external exposure. Although the dietary risks of the target fungicides in pomelo were far lower than 1, it was not negligible. Our study provides novel insights into the residues and behavior of fungicides, offering foundational data for the dietary risk assessment of pomelo consumption.

The effect of shear-induced segregation on bidisperse suspension settling

Shear is a common phenomenon in practical mineral processes, particularly in pipeline transportation. When applied to realistic polydisperse systems consisting of particles of different sizes, shear can lead to distinct interactions of each size component with the carrier fluid, resulting in segregation between sizes. This paper focuses on the effect of size segregation induced by shear on the settling process of suspension flows containing different-sized spherical particles. In this regard, the bidisperse system is considered as the simplest example of polydisperse flows, ensuring the investigation retains the essential features of the system of interest without added complexity. The Volume Penalization Immersed Boundary Method, as a resolved Eulerian–Lagrangian CFD-DEM approach, is employed to gain detailed information on individual particles. A simple cross shear is generated by the moving side walls, and its effect is initially evaluated on two simulation cases containing single spherical particles of different sizes. The results from the single particle simulation cases reveal a higher acceleration of the larger particle towards the centreline due to the higher lateral force proportional to its size. The resolved approach is then used for the bidisperse multiparticle systems with diameter ratios of l=2 and l=5, both subjected to a similar sheared field. In the suspension with l=2, the scalar dispersion function, which measures the degree of migration of each size component between the side walls, indicates segregation by size as the shear rate increases. This is evident in the motion of large particles towards the centre and the accumulation of smaller particles near the walls, which arises from higher proportional force on the larger particles observed in the single particle simulation cases. Although the increase in the diameter ratio to l=5 does not significantly change the migration behaviour of large particles, it provides a more uniform distribution of smaller ones. In this case, the small particles find it more easily to fit into the gaps between the large particles for l=5. Overall, this accumulation of each size component at specific regions in the sheared domain affects the local interaction of settling particles with the fluid flow, resulting in an increase in the settling rate of large particles up to 40% in the considered bidisperse cases. This highlights the impact of shear on the interaction of spherical particles in a multiple sized system, specifically in the practical sheared applications including mineral slurries transportation.

Study on migration behavior and mechanism of strong carcinogenic PAHs in oil to fume during frying using stable isotope method

The migration and distribution of four strong carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH4) in oil to fume during frying were characterized by the stable isotope-labeled PAH4-d12. The results indicated that PAH4-d12 mainly migrated to heterogeneous oil fume, and their mobilities increased significantly with the increase in heating time and frying temperature, which were 0.48−1.08%, 0.96−1.21%, and 2.98−3.60% at 160, 180, and 200 °C, respectively. The established linear models proved that PAH4-d12 migrated through the carrying of heterogeneous fume, and the carrying ability of fume produced at 200 °C was significantly stronger than at 160 and 180 °C. For morphology, ultrafine fume (<1 μm) at 200 °C had the most emission and the strongest carrying ability for PAH4-d12. For components, the heterogeneous fume produced at 200 °C contained more unsaturated fatty acids and conjugated heterocyclic compounds, which could bind with PAH4-d12 in electrostatic force and π-π conjugate force for migration. This study explained the potential mechanism of oil fume components binding to PAH4 from molecular interaction.

Displacement and Migration Behavior of Al3+ in Ca2Fe2−xAlxO5 Solid Solution During Reduction Process

Displacement and Migration Behavior of Al3+ in Ca2Fe2−xAlxO5 Solid Solution During Reduction Process

Annual phenology and migration routes to breeding grounds in western-central North Pacific sei whales

The sei whale (Balaenoptera borealis) is an important species among baleen whales in the North Pacific and plays a significant role in the ecosystem. Despite the importance of this species, information regarding its migration patterns and breeding locations remains limited. To enhance the understanding of the phenology of North Pacific sei whales, we deployed satellite-monitored tags on these whales in the western and central North Pacific from 2017 to 2023. We fitted 55 sei whale tracks to a state-space model to describe the whales’ seasonal movements at feeding grounds and their migratory behavior. The whales typically leave their feeding grounds between November and December, with migration pathways extending from off Japan to the west of the Hawaiian Islands. These southward transits converge in the waters of the Marshall Islands and north of Micronesia between 20° N and 7° N, which appear to be breeding grounds. After a brief stay at these breeding grounds, the whales migrate northward from January to February, reaching their feeding grounds around 30°N by March. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to present the phenology of feeding and breeding seasons and the migration pattern of North Pacific sei whales.

Angelica sinensis polysaccharide suppresses the Wnt/β-catenin-mediated malignant biological behaviors of breast cancer cells via the miR-3187-3p/PCDH10 axis

Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in women. Angelica sinensis polysaccharide (ASP) is one of the main components extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine Angelica sinensis. Research has shown that ASP affects the progression of various cancers by regulating miRNA expression. This study aimed to explore the specific molecular mechanism by which ASP regulates BC progression through miR-3187-3p. After the overexpression or knockdown of miR-3187-3p and PDCH10 in BC cells, the proliferation, migration, invasion, and phenotype of BC cells were evaluated after ASP treatment. Bioinformatics software was used to predict the target genes of miR-3187-3p, and luciferase gene reporter experiments reconfirmed the targeted binding relationship. Subcutaneous tumor formation experiments were conducted in nude mice after the injection of BC cells. Western blot and Ki-67 immunostaining were performed on the tumor tissues. The results indicate that ASP can significantly inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of BC cells. ASP can inhibit the expression of miR-3187-3p in BC cells and upregulate the expression of PDCH10 by inhibiting miR-3187-3p. A regulatory relationship exists between miR-3187-3p and PDCH10. ASP can inhibit the expression of β-catenin and phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3β (p-GSK-3β) proteins through miR-3187-3p/PDCH10 and prevent the occurrence of malignant biological behavior in BC. Overall, this study revealed the potential mechanism by which ASP inhibits the BC process. ASP mediates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by affecting the miR-3187-3p/PDCH10 molecular axis, thereby inhibiting the proliferation, migration, invasion, and other malignant biological behaviors of BC cells.

Hydrogen Spillover Effect in Electrocatalysis: Delving into the Mysteries of the Atomic Migration

Hydrogen spillover effect has recently garnered a lot of attention in the field of electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reactions. A new avenue for understanding the dynamic behavior of atomic migration in which hydrogen atoms moving on a catalyst surface was opened up by the setup of the word “hydrogen spillover.” However, there is currently a dearth of thorough knowledge regarding the hydrogen spillover effect. Currently, the advancement of sophisticated characterization procedures offers progressively useful information to enhance our grasp of the hydrogen spillover effect. The understanding of material fabrication for hydrogen spillover effect has erupted. Considering these factors, we made an effort to review most of the articles published on the hydrogen spillover effect and carefully analyzed the aspect of material fabrication. All of our attention has been directed toward the molecular pathway that leads to improve hydrogen evolution reactions performance. In addition, we have attempted to elucidate the spillover paths through the utilization of DFT calculations. Furthermore, we provide some preliminary research suggestions and highlight the opportunities and obstacles that are still to be confronted in this study area.

Extreme elevational migration spurred cryptic speciation in giant hummingbirds

The ecoevolutionary drivers of species niche expansion or contraction are critical for biodiversity but challenging to infer. Niche expansion may be promoted by local adaptation or constrained by physiological performance trade-offs. For birds, evolutionary shifts in migratory behavior permit the broadening of the climatic niche by expansion into varied, seasonal environments. Broader niches can be short-lived if diversifying selection and geography promote speciation and niche subdivision across climatic gradients. To illuminate niche breadth dynamics, we can ask how "outlier" species defy constraints. Of the 363 hummingbird species, the giant hummingbird (Patagona gigas) has the broadest climatic niche by a large margin. To test the roles of migratory behavior, performance trade-offs, and genetic structure in maintaining its exceptional niche breadth, we studied its movements, respiratory traits, and population genomics. Satellite and light-level geolocator tracks revealed an >8,300-km loop migration over the Central Andean Plateau. This migration included a 3-wk, ~4,100-m ascent punctuated by upward bursts and pauses, resembling the acclimatization routines of human mountain climbers, and accompanied by surging blood-hemoglobin concentrations. Extreme migration was accompanied by deep genomic divergence from high-elevation resident populations, with decisive postzygotic barriers to gene flow. The two forms occur side-by-side but differ almost imperceptibly in size, plumage, and respiratory traits. The high-elevation resident taxon is the world's largest hummingbird, a previously undiscovered species that we describe and name here. The giant hummingbirds demonstrate evolutionary limits on niche breadth: when the ancestral niche expanded due to evolution (or loss) of an extreme migratory behavior, speciation followed.

Anatase TiO2/Defective UiO-66 porous octahedral S-scheme heterojunctions toward optimized photocatalytic performance

Photocatalysis is an alternative for antibiotics removal from wastewater for the sustainable development of human society. However, applying photocatalysts for antibiotics (e.g., tetracycline) degradation under practical conditions is highly restricted by the low reaction efficiency due to the prompt charge recombination. Constructing porous heterojunctions is an efficient way to regulate the electron transfer path and accelerate charge migration efficiency. Herein, TiO2/defective UiO-66 porous octahedral S-scheme heterojunctions are successfully fabricated through an in-situ growth strategy. The strong interaction and charge migration behavior between TiO2 and defective UiO-66 have been studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance measurements. The photocatalytic removal efficiency of tetracycline is notably improved by forming TiO2/defective UiO-66 porous heterojunctions. The promoted photocatalytic performance can be ascribed to the strong interaction between TiO2 and defective UiO-66, and the accelerated charge separation and transfer efficiency due to the formation of S-scheme heterojunctions, thus generating abundant reactive oxygen species, including O2− and OH. The optimized 38-TiO2/UiO-66-300 can eliminate 97.9 % of tetracycline in 60 min with a reaction constant rate of 0.0425 min−1, which is approximately 4 and 10 times that of pristine TiO2 and UiO-66-300, respectively. This work provides an alternate strategy for preparing highly active heterojunction photocatalysts for environmental applications.

Extinction selectivity obscures patterns of trait‐dependent endangerment in Columbiformes

AbstractAimUnderstanding how extinction has occurred in the recent past is crucial to unravel its main drivers as well as to implement effective conservation practices to minimize global biodiversity loss. It has long been hypothesized that extinction risk is not randomly distributed among traits of species. However, the actual traits making species more prone to extinction may have been overlooked because already extinct species are often not considered in comparative analyses of extinction risk. We characterized the drivers of extinction in a cosmopolitan bird clade, including Holocene and contemporary extinctions potentially related to human impacts and provided evidence of an ‘extinction selectivity’ in species traits.LocationGlobal.Time periodAnthropocene.Major taxa studiedColumbiformes clade, pigeons and doves.MethodsWe constructed a new phylogenetic hypothesis of the Columbiformes, a cosmopolitan bird clade consisting of 33 recently extinct and 351 extant species. Then, we integrated data on geography, behaviour and morphology to reveal the drivers of extinction risk. We used phylogenetic generalized least square models to test the effect of geography, behaviour and morphology in the risk of extinction and identified differences in the drivers of extinction when including versus excluding recently extinct species.ResultsOur analysis revealed that Columbiformes endemic to islands with ground‐foraging habits, weak flying abilities, migratory behaviour and larger body sizes are more vulnerable to extinction. Our results also show that excluding recently extinct species identifies extinction drivers different from those when including recently extinct species.Main conclusionsOnly by accurately identifying the traits that increase extinction risk we can develop targeted conservation measures that promote the long‐term persistence of threatened species. Extinction selectivity has important implications for the conservation of biological communities and ultimately ecosystem functioning, considering the critical role Columbiformes often play as seed dispersers.

Long-distance migrations and seasonal movements of meagre (Argyrosomus regius), a large coastal predator, along the Iberian Peninsula coast

BackgroundThe meagre, Argyrosomus regius, is a large coastal predatory fish inhabiting waters from the north-eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea, where it is targeted by commercial and recreational fisheries. Previous genetic studies have found an unexpectedly high population differentiation not only between the Atlantic and the Mediterranean, but also along the Atlantic coast. However, the reasons underpinning this genetic barrier remained unclear. Likewise, even though the species is amongst the world’s largest marine teleosts, knowledge about its movement ecology and migratory behaviour remains notably scarce, and primarily reliant on fisheries-dependent data.MethodsIn this study, we used a combination of acoustic telemetry and pop-up satellite archival tags to investigate the movements of 22 adult meagre (70–143 cm total length) along the Southwestern coast of the Iberian Peninsula.ResultsOur results strongly suggest that the previously reported genetic differentiation is not maintained by limited adult dispersal/movement, as hypothesized. On the contrary, we documented some of the longest individual annual migrations ever recorded for a coastal teleost, up to > 2000 km, with frequent back-and-forth movements between the West and Southern Iberian coasts. Moreover, their detected regional movement patterns support the existence of a marked seasonal behavioural shift, with individuals being less active and moving to deeper waters during winter, and are consistent with spawning philopatry associated to their summer reproductive movements. Finally, we identified putative aggregation areas that may harbour important feeding/overwintering grounds.ConclusionsThese findings shed new light on the movement and behaviour patterns of meagre that may be of particular importance for the conservation and spatial management of this species throughout its range, and open the door to further research on functional connectivity.

Challenges in downstream dam passage and the effect of dam removal on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolt migrations.

Migration is critical for life-cycle completion in diadromous fish species. River connectivity is vital in facilitating these large-scale movement events, but the extent of present-day river fragmentation can interfere with these migrations. Fish passage solutions (FPSs) are commonly implemented with the aim of improving river connectivity. In our study, we investigated the performance of two types of FPSs, spill regimes and complete dam removal, on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolt migrations. We used acoustic telemetry to monitor migration behavior and passage success of 120 wild smolts released in three different groups/sites: one group with two dams to pass to reach the river mouth, a second group with one dam to pass, and a control group without any barriers to pass (upstream of a recently removed hydroelectric dam). Smolt passage probabilities were similar for the two studied dams (87% and 86%) but showed variation in path choice, delay times, and loss rates. Passage success was influenced by several factors, such as body size, diel period, and water temperature, but not flow. Cumulative passage success to the river mouth was 61%, with most individuals being lost within lentic river stretches, either in the forebays of hydroelectric power stations or in naturally wide river stretches. Within the recently rehabilitated river sections (post dam removal), passage speeds were significantly faster than all other sections of the river (post-rehabilitation x¯ = 56.1 km/day) with significantly faster speeds compared to pre-rehabilitation (pre-x¯ = 28.0 km/day). Our findings provide valuable information on the benefits of dam removal and highlight the need for further rehabilitation measures in upriver reaches where barriers still affect downstream passage.

The Impact of Changes in Rural Family Structure on Agricultural Productivity and Efficiency: Evidence from Rice Farmers in China

Over the past three decades, China has shifted from a relatively immobile society to one where rural migrant workers are dispersed throughout urban areas, resulting in significant changes in rural family structure. Previous studies have tended to approach migrant workers as homogeneous groups within families. In contrast, our attention turns to the diversity among individuals and the complex interactions within families. Based on a survey of rice farmers in five provinces of China, this study aims to explore the heterogeneous impact of changes in rural family structure on the single-factor (i.e., land, labor, and capital) productivity and technical efficiency (TE) of rice production. Methodologically, we calculated the productivity indicator through the Cobb–Douglas production function. Following this, a one-step stochastic frontier approach (SFA) was employed to assess the production frontier and estimate inefficiency. To address self-selection bias in family migration behavior, we applied the propensity score matching method (PSM). The results reveal that significant outcomes are observed only with certain types of changes in rural family structure. The production decisions of rural families are influenced by the migration regions of their family members. Compared to non-migrating families (NM), families with couples’ joint migration outside the province show higher single-factor productivity and TE. We used multiple approaches to examine the results and came to similar conclusions. Therefore, enhancing social security measures and employment opportunities for migrant workers, with specific attention to supporting migrant couples, can have a positive impact on sustainable urban and rural development, as well as food security.

Unveiling the hydroesterification of 1,3-butadiene with carbonyl cobalt ionic liquids: Facilitation of cationic protonic hydrogen for active species formation

The 1,3-butadiene hydroesterification products, such as methyl pentenoate and dimethyl adipate, play a significant role in the production of nylon, plasticizers, and pharmaceutical intermediates. However, due to its unique π-π conjugated system, slow reaction rate, and difficulties in controlling regioselectivity, butadiene presents itself as an incredibly challenging substrate. The development of efficient and low-cost catalysts has gained substantial attention in both theoretical studies and industrial applications due to the high cost or extremely high pressure requirements. In this study, carbonyl cobalt ionic liquids were innovatively employed as catalysts to facilitate the synthesis of monoesters from hydroesterification of butadiene under mild conditions. A series of carbonyl cobalt ionic liquids with different cations were prepared and characterized for their structural properties using IR, ESI, IC, and DFT calculations. The yield of methyl pentenoate was comparable to that of Co2CO8 at 400 bar, and the catalysts exhibited high selectivity to methyl 3-pentenoates (>95 %), establishing a stable, efficient, and low-cost catalytic system. The experiments revealed that the type of the cation in ionic liquids remarkably influence their catalytic performance. Electrostatic potential calculations further confirmed that this performance is tightly related to the dissociation and migration behaviors of protons, leading to the proposal of a screening method for ionic liquids. In this paper, we further calculated the qualitative reaction kinetics and proposed a reaction mechanism in conjunction with previous studies. The reaction is hypothesized to begin with the formation of the active species HCo(CO)4 by proton exchange of [HX]+[Co(CO)4]−, in line with our experimental findings and theoretical calculations. This study presents an innovative approach to overcome the challenges associated with butadiene hydroesterification and paves the way for the development of more efficient and cost-effective catalytic systems.