Middle Year Research Articles

Age Differences and Self-Concept Predict Indonesian Females’ Mental health

The biopsychosocial challenges make females more prone to experiencing mental problems that can lead to extensive repercussions, affecting multiple generations cause of their significant roles in a family and society. However, mental health problems in Indonesia are still not handled optimally and the expenses for their medical care are not inexpensive. It’s important to explore factors that influence mental health to reduce the costs. So, this study aims to identify the influences of age differences and self-concept on females’ mental health in the general population of Indonesian adults. Methods: The study employed cross-sectional research, utilizing an uncontrolled quota sampling method and collecting data via the online survey. Results: Mental health can be predicted based on the self-concept (p < .001) and age differences (p < .01) of Indonesian females. Females with a significant problem of mental health are 0.76 times less likely to have high self-concept than moderate self-concept, whereas females with no significant problem of mental health are 0.96 times less likely to be found in the young adult group than in the middle year group. Conclusion: Self-concept plays one of the significant factors in shaping the mental health of adult females in Indonesia, and young adult females are the more vulnerable to mental problems. Further research about the self-concept enhancement implementation related to reducing mental treatment costs is needed.

Historical discourse as evidence of violence: middle year 3 textbook

This article strives to highlight the vocabulary relating to the discourse of violence through the historical narrative of testimony. Through the school manual of the 3rd middle year, we will try to make an inventory of texts of this kind of speech, by focusing our analysis on a historical text whose vocabulary depicts the real suffering of the Algerian people from the repression of French colonialism. The objective of this analysis is to try to understand the role of the exploitation of the discourse of violence as testimony in the awareness of the learner of the 3rd year average. The analysis of the historical text revealed to us that this kind of discourse allows the FFL learner to better soak up his history and national identity.

스스로 저성취로 인식하는 학습자의 중․고등학교 시기 정서․행동문제 유형과 전이양상 및 관련 변인의 영향

The purpose of this study was to analyze the level, type, transition pattern, and influencing variables of emotional and behavioral problems during middle and high school in learners who perceived themselves as low achievers. For this purpose, we used the 3rd and 5th years (2020, 2022) of the 3rd and 5th year of middle school panel data of the ‘Korea Children and Youth Panel Survey 2018’. The subjects of the study were 1,990 students who participated in the 3rd and 5th years of the survey (3rd year of middle school and 2nd year of high school). 351 (17.64%) low-achieving students were in middle school and 318 (15.98%) were in high school. According to the results, first, among the emotional and behavioral problems of middle and high school students, withdrawal and attention problems were found to be relatively severe. Second, the types of emotional and behavioral problems were classified into five types: emotional and behavioral stability type, externalizing problem dominant type, attention․withdrawal problem dominant type, emotional and behavioral problem attention type, and emotional and behavioral problem concern type. Third, smartphone dependence was consistently shown to be a negative factor in all types of emotional and behavioral problems. Fourth, there was a high rate of movement between the externalizing problem dominant type and the attention․withdrawal dominant type, and between the emotional and behavioral concern type and the emotional and behavioral problem attention type.

Umbilical Cord Care Knowledge and Practice among Sample of Kurdish Women

Abstract: Background: The mother's awareness and practices regarding cord care are crucial to the survival of the newborn. It's because infections after birth most commonly enter through the cord stump. Practices for clean cord care aid in the prevention of infections, which lowers infant morbidity and mortality. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the knowledge and practices regarding newborn umbilical cord care among Kurdish mothers. Method: A descriptive study was carried out on 202 mothers at mala Fandi primary healthcare centre during middle year of 2023. data were collected through face-to-face questionnaire interviews. It consists of socio-demographic characteristics, the knowledge, and practices about cord care. Data were analysed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences software version 23.0. Both descriptive and inferential analyses were done. Results: Out of 202 mothers (70.2%) of the mothers have a good knowledge about cord care and majority of the mothers (89.1%) have cleaned the umbilical cord stump of the baby and (40.6%) using the techniques named clean cord base and surrounding skin at the same time. Most of the mothers do not use any traditional substance (79.2%) while most of the learned about umbilical cord care by their parents (50%). age, Occupation, Level of education, type of family and residential area were influential factors with knowledge regarding cord care. Conclusion: most of mothers had good knowledge and proper practice about cord care. Also, majority of mothers got information from parents and relatives.

An Evaluation of Online Science Classes Based on Students’ Science Learning Experiences

Online science courses have become increasingly popular due to their accessibility and convenience. Consequently, evaluating their quality is essential for ensuring students receive a rigorous and valuable education. This study investigates the effectiveness of online science classes in terms of student- faculty interaction, time on task, active learning and cooperation among students by considering the participant students' experiences and their evaluations of online science courses. The participants were 2034 students from different middle (year 5 to 8) and high schools (year 9 to 12) during 2022-2023 academic year. All of the participants attended online science classes from 2nd half term of 2019-20 and whole school year of 2020-21. The data was collected by using the Student Evaluation of Online Teaching Effectiveness (SEOTE) scale, which was developed by Bangart (2005). The student responses were evaluated based on their school year, frequency of attendance, and means used to access online science classes. The findings of the study revealed that the participant students were not satisfied with online science learning experiences in terms of faculty-student interaction, time on task, cooperation among students and active learning practices. The study also found that faculty-student interaction, time on task, cooperation among students were important predictor of active learning for online science learning practices. Based on the findings the study suggests that when designing or implementing online science classes, students’ engagement, teacher-faculty interaction, creating opportunities for students to cooperate and helping students to actively engage in the activities should be taken into consideration by teachers.

Sapling recruitment does not compensate for increased tree mortality under climate change

Sapling recruitment within established stands plays an important role in the long-term functionality of forest ecosystems. However, the specific impacts of climate change on sapling recruitment and its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We hypothesized that sapling recruitment is directly affected by climate change and indirectly through the responses of tree mortality and growth to climate change as well as their induced modification of neighbourhood conditions. We employed a dataset of 173 permanent sample plots with individual stems that were spatially mapped and monitored at 5-year intervals from 1986 to 2010 in the central boreal forests of North America. By constructing structural equation models (SEMs), we examined how sapling recruitment probability may, directly and indirectly, respond to climate change through the mortality and growth of established trees, neighbourhood crowding, and functional and phylogenetic dissimilarities. We used the middle calendar year of a 5-year census period to represent recent systematic temporal trends in climate change. Our SEMs revealed that sapling recruitment probability did not respond significantly directly to temporal climate change in the studied forests, where atmospheric CO2 concentration, air temperature, and climatic water availability simultaneously increased temporally. However, the temporally increased mortality and growth of neighbourhood established trees (all stems except for new recruits) exerted indirect negative effects on sapling recruitment probability. Furthermore, temporally increased neighbourhood crowding had an indirect adverse effect, while temporally increased neighbourhood shade tolerance and phylogenetic dissimilarities had weak indirect positive effects on sapling recruitment probability. Collectively, temporal climate change had a significant total negative effect on sapling recruitment probability. Our analysis demonstrated multiple mechanisms that simultaneously regulated the effect of temporal climate change on sapling recruitment. Our results emphasized that sapling recruitment does not compensate for increased tree mortality. We suggest that even so-called favourable climate change could threaten the long-term functionality of boreal forest ecosystems.

중학생의 자아정체감 형성을 위한 인문학 이미지 활용 집단 상담 프로그램 개발 및 효과검증

This study was conducted to develop a group counseling program for the establishment of the ego identity using the humanities images from “Hope for the flowers” and to validate for the middle school first year students. The final program was confirmed through the process of planning, organizing, preparatory and evaluation based on the 4-step program development model by Kim et al. The final program consisted of a total of 10 sessions with contents of humanities images and play activities tailored to Marcia's ego identity status. The program was scheduled to be held twice a week for 45 minutes per session. With the goal of ego identity establishment of middle school students, Marcia's four identity status were linked to the humanistic images of four developmental stages of butterfly and the contents were composed of customized play activities. The ego identity formation of the middle school students was significantly increased by applying our developed counseling program.

Middle Ear Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma in a Five Years Old Child - A Rare Case Report

Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common pediatric malignancy with a predilection for head and neck region. Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma is a variant of rhabdomyosarcoma which is extremely rare in middle ear. We present a case of middle year embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma in a five-year-old child who was treated as otitis media on first presentation and later misdiagnosed as a vascular aural polyp on histopathology.

Exploring Teachers’ Beliefs on Teaching, Learning, and Curriculum within an IB MYP International School Environment

The following paper explores International Baccalaureate Middle Year Programme teachers' views on what constitutes good teaching, meaningful learning, and quality curricula within an international school environment in the Netherlands. Twenty-five teachers, from a variety of countries, were asked to share their personal beliefs through semi-structured interviews. The inquiry also considered the ways in which teachers‘ beliefs had been affected by moving to an international school environment. The results indicate that teachers hold a range of perspectives on what signifies good teaching, meaningful learning, and quality curricula. Many of these beliefs align closely with the underlying philosophy of the MYP, such as beliefs in life-worthy curricula, student-centered learning, constructivist approaches to teaching and learning, inquiry, the transfer of understanding, and the challenging of perspectives. The changes in beliefs that occurred following the move to an international context included an increased emphasis in teachers' attention to universal concepts, intercultural themes, lifelong learning, the application of understanding, inquiry, critical thinking, interdisciplinary learning, and team-teaching. Aspects of teaching and learning that did not arise spontaneously during the interviews were beliefs concerning community service, global contexts, and approaches to assessments, all of which are integral components of the IB MYP. The findings of the study provided guidance for the design and development of professional development opportunities.

Pupils’ Adaptability at School, a Balance Between Demands and Resources?

School burnout is affecting more and more adolescents. In order to develop appropriate preventative measures, the problem more than ever requires a detailed understanding of the mechanisms operating on students’ capacity to adapt to circumstances rendered particularly difficult by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic (COVID-19). In the absence of an explanatory framework in the field of school health, the JD-R model of work-related stress constitutes an original prism for reading the quality of pupils’ adaptation to their school environment. The aim of this research is on the one hand to observe the predictive links between the different variables operationalized in the school JD-R model and on the other, to test the adequacy of this model against the data in schools acutely affected by the COVID situation. A total of 470 middle school, high school and 1st year BTS students agreed to participate in the longitudinal study. They were administered six scales spread over three measurement periods. The results of the predictive path analyses reveal that the hypotheses assumed are to a good degree verified. However, even if the model as a whole does not fit the data well, in their essence, the results point to the importance of strengthening students’ own resources as well as those present within the school.

An analysis of International Baccalaureate – English Language Curriculum for Middle Year Program

The IB Curriculum, which was initially founded in Switzerland, is used globally. Many schools in Indonesia also apply this curriculum, and the number keeps growing. This paper will present the results of a study aiming to investigate the ideology, model, and elements of the International Baccalaureate (IB) curriculum, specifically the English (Language Acquisition) curriculum for the Middle Year Program (secondary school). The study has been given shape by the theory of curriculum development. The study employed a case study research design, especially text analysis. The results show that the English IB curriculum applies a learner-cantered ideology with collaborative learning to build students’ communicative skills. It also has been influenced by a deductive model proposed by Tyler. Moreover, the elements also confirm Tyler’s rationale, consisting of objectives, the content, learning activities or learning experiences designed to achieve the objectives various types of assessments and evaluations.

Analysis of Pedestrian Facility Services on Shopping Mall Areain Satellite City During Pandemic COVID-19

The condition of the Covid-19 pandemic that is increasing in the middle year of 2021 requires better attention. Sidewalks with a pedestrian facility function must provide smoothness, security, comfort, and safety for pedestrians. This paper aims to analyze the minimum service standards, level of services, and the interests of pedestrian users. The research method used in this paper is by distributing digital questionnaires and then processing them with importance-performance analysis (IPA). The study results show that pedestrians in the area have implemented a minimum service standard with the Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) protocol. Based on the results of the level of service assessment, this area has an A level. At the same time, the IPA results show that the pavement condition is the attribute with the best conditions. Meanwhile, the availability of disabled facilities is a variable that requires attention to be improved.

Perceptions of future careers for middle year engineering students

AbstractBackgroundOne facet of motivation relevant to students' learning is their perceptions of the future, including future career goals and how those perceptions influence their present actions; this is collectively referred to as their future time perspective (FTP).Purpose/HypothesisThis study describes the different FTPs of engineering students. We aim to help researchers and practitioners leverage students' motivations to improve learning experiences and inform future studies by providing a model of engineering students' FTP.Design/MethodA phenomenographic approach was used to determine students' different characteristic FTPs within the context of their engineering courses. Interviews with engineering students (n = 18) at a southeastern US research‐intensive university were analyzed for differences and similarities in their descriptions of their FTPs.ResultsThree groups emerged from the data that were visualized as different shapes within the outcome space. Cone, a long narrow shape, represents students who narrowed down their future careers deep into the future. Cup, a wider truncated cone, represents students who have conflicting desired and realistic future careers. Bowl, a short and wide shape, represents students who have broad perceptions of their future careers and do not describe how their future goals affect their present actions.ConclusionsUsing a phenomenographic approach to examine engineering students' FTPs revealed three characteristic groups and allowed us to document how different FTPs affect students' perceptions of tasks in their engineering courses. Our findings can help educators foster students' interest in and value of learning engineering concepts and their positive perceptions of their future careers.

Co-designing a curriculum model for career education: perspectives from regional communities in Australia.

The vocational experiences and skills of young adolescents could be infused into formal education by identifying career competencies to be taught within the academic curriculum. Such curriculum practices that embed educational and career pathways must also include the perspectives of students and the community, particularly those from marginalised groups. Drawing on data from 111 teachers, principals, carers and students, this paper presents research undertaken to co-design career education lesson plans within an infused model of the curriculum for early Middle Year students from regional, rural, and remote Australia. The lesson plans and activities were designed to allow for meaningful self-reflection and goal-setting that could be seamlessly infused into the formal curriculum and help embed early-stage career education. The paper concludes by projecting opportunities and challenges for seamless curriculum integration, while pertinent to the Australian context, can also be read with broader relevance to other educational systems and schools.

Investigating environmental regulation effects on technological innovation: A meta-regression analysis

The relationship between environmental regulation (ER) and any associated innovative technologies has been studied in the previous decades; however, the estimated results have varied with no obvious consensus. To analyse what drives the different estimates in existing studies, we investigated the regulation–innovation relationship through a meta-analysis of 1276 estimates reported in 49 studies. In our analysis, 41 aspects of study design were controlled, Bayesian model averaging (BMA), and frequentist model averaging (FMA) methods were used to address model uncertainty problems. Our results suggested that controlling resources and ignoring endogeneity problems both played robust and methodical roles in explaining the differences in individual study results. Additionally, our results also indicated that five factors (middle year, publication year, usage of province-level data, linear model function, and the difference-in-differences (DID) model) consistently explained the differences in the reported estimates. We found that the ER had almost zero influence on technical innovation; more than one flexible policy instrument was required to trigger innovative activities among firms and sectors.

Changes in African American and Latinx Students’ Perceived Ethnic–Racial Discrimination During the Middle School Transition Year

The middle school transition year poses known challenges to early adolescent adjustment, particularly for students from ethnic and racial minoritized backgrounds who face ethnic and racial discrimination from school personnel and classmates. Drawing on a sample of 711 African American and Latinx sixth-grade students attending 17 schools, we employed latent class analysis and latent transition analysis to explore the nature of and changes to perceived ethnic and racial discrimination during the beginning and end of sixth grade. We also examined the possibility that perceived ethnic–racial discrimination could be diminished through a school-based, universal program for teachers to improve the school ecology. Findings revealed four distinct classes concerning perceived ethnic–racial discrimination, with patterns over time highlighting the malleability of perceived ethnic–racial discrimination during the first year of middle school. Findings provide direct implications for understanding and improving ethnic and racial minoritized students’ school experiences at the middle school transition.

자기회귀교차지연 모형을 적용한 청소년 체육수업 운동시간과 자아건강평가 및 우울감의 종단적 관계 분석

This study analyzed of longitudinal relationship between exercise activity time of physical education(PEA), self-health assessment(SHA), and depression(DP) in adolescent using auto-regressive cross-lagged(ARCL) model. The longitudinal time data(middle school 2nd year, high school 1st year, high school 3rd year) was collected through the Korea national youth policy insitute(NYPI), that was 1905-adoelscent(967-boy, 938-girl). SPSS 26, AMOS 26 programs were used to analyze the ARCL model. Alpha level was set at 0.05. The results were as follows. First, there was no change of the auto-regressive effect in PEA, SHA, and DP. Students who didn’t actively participate in physical education classes, students with poor health, and students with depression needed early detection and prescription. Second, there was significant difference of the cross-lagged effect in PEA, SHA, and DP with the passage of time. The effect that students who value SHA highly participated in PEA at the later point were relatively greater than the effect that students who actively participated in PEA evaluated SHA at the later point in time. In addition, the effect of lowering SHA at the later point by students with high DP was greater than the effect of lowering DP at the later point in the students with high rating of SHA. Third, SHA was significant as the longitudinal mediating variable in the effect of PEA on DP. It was found that PEA in the 2nd year of middle school significantly influenced DP in the 3rd year of high school, and the longitudinal mediating effect of SHA in the 1st year of high school was significantly affected.

Perceived friend support buffers against symptoms of depression in peer victimized adolescents: Evidence from a population-based cohort in South Korea

BackgroundPeer victimization is associated with an increased risk for depression, but there is less evidence on how certain factors such as friend support can buffer this association. This study investigated the associations between friend support and depressive symptoms among victimized and non-victimized adolescent girls and boys from South Korea. MethodsParticipants includes 2258 students from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey, a nationally representative sample of middle school students in South Korea. Self-reported perceived friend support, depressive symptoms and peer victimization were measured using validated scales during middle school year 3 (mean age= 15.7 years). ResultsThe association between peer victimization and depressive symptoms varied by sex (p for sex by peer victimization interaction<0.05). Peer victimization was more strongly associated with same year depressive symptoms in girls (β=0.55) than boys (β=0.24). After controlling for key confounders, including prior year mental health symptoms, higher levels of friend support were found to attenuate the association between peer victimization and depressive symptoms (p for friend support by peer victimization interaction <0.05). Peer victimization was associated with more depressive symptoms for adolescents with low and moderate friend support, but not those with high friend support. LimitationsPeer victimization, depressive symptoms, and friend support, were self-reported and measured the same year. ConclusionsFriend support protects victimized South Korean adolescents from the negative effect of peer victimization on depressive symptoms, hence contributes to closing the gap in depression between victimized and non-victimized adolescents.

THE BASIC COMPETENCES CAN BE DEVELOPED THROUGH THE DUAL MODALITY IN A HIGH VULNERABILITY PROFESSIONAL TECHNICAL LICENSE

In the context of Professional Technical Education, Dual Modality has been a commitment of the Chilean Ministry of Education to improve Professional Technical training in High School. The change has involved a curricular innovation around the development of basic competences where, in addition to the teacher and the traditional classroom, other agents and other scenarios that share the work of teaching concur. In this context, the research consigned, according to its objectives and methodological formulation, describes the characteristics of the Dual Professional Technical training of the Administration specialty of the Monseñor Guillermo Carlos Hartl Educational Complex of the Pitrufquén commune , in Chile . It is intended to investigate the effectiveness of the integrated curriculum through the assessment of achievement of the basic competencies of students who are in the 4th Middle Year of said specialty (with Dual mode), in direct relation to the required graduate and professional profile and in contrast, with that of students of the specialty of "Electricity", without the Dual Modality.

Öğrencilerin Oyun Kavramına Yönelik Metaforik Algıları

Bu araştırmanın amacı, farklı sınıflarda öğrenim gören öğrencilerin oyun kavramı hakkındaki görüşlerini ürettikleri metaforlar aracılığıyla incelemektir. Bu araştırmada nitel araştırmanın doğasına uygun olarak olgubilim deseni kullanılmıştır. Etik kuralların dikkate alındığı araştırmanın katılımcılarını ilkokul, ortaokul ve lise son sınıfların her birinden 200’er olmak üzere, toplamda 600 öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Çalışma grubunu oluşturan katılımcılar küme örnekleme yöntemiyle, küme örneklemini oluşturan katılımcılar da maksimum çeşitlilik örnekleme yöntemiyle belirlenmiştir. Verilerin elde edilmesinde, her bir katılımcının ‘oyun …… gibidir / benzer; çünkü …….’ biçimindeki oyun kavramına yönelik açık uçlu bir maddenin bulunduğu formu doldurması istenmiştir. Öğrencilerden elde edilen veriler, daha sonrasında içerik analizi tekniğiyle analiz edilmiştir. Öğrencilerin oyun kavramına yönelik metaforik algıları incelendiğinde ilkokul son sınıflarda 72, ortaokul son sınıflarda 96 ve lise son sınıflarda 78 farklı anlamın yüklendiği görülmüştür ve oyun kavramı toplamda 246 metafor aracılığıyla açıklanmıştır. Bu metaforlar incelendiğinde ilkokul son sınıf öğrencilerinden 17; ortaokul son sınıf öğrencilerinden 19 ve lise son sınıf öğrencilerinden 17 olmak üzere toplamda 53 kategori elde edilmiştir. Bu kategorilere bağlı olarak, oyun kavramının ortak ve farklı metaforlar aracılığıyla temsil edildiği gözlenmiştir. Buna göre, ilkokul son sınıf öğrencileri oyun kavramını en sıklıkla ‘eğlence, arkadaş, kitap ve saklambaç’ metaforlarıyla; ortaokul son sınıf öğrencileri ‘hayat, eğlence, arkadaş, iyi vakit geçirme’ metaforlarıyla, lise son sınıf öğrencileri ise ‘hayat, eğlence, çocuk, futbol ve yemek’ metaforlarıyla ifade edilmiştir.