Middle Year Research Articles

Special Educational Needs: A New Way of Educating

In the context of Professional Technical Education, Dual Modality has been a commitment of the Chilean Ministry of Education to improve Professional Technical training in High School. The change has involved a curricular innovation around the development of basic competences where, in addition to the teacher and the traditional classroom, other agents and other scenarios that share the work of teaching concur. In this context, the research consigned, according to its objectives and methodological formulation, describes the characteristics of the Dual Professional Technical training of the Administration specialty of the Monsenor Guillermo Carlos Hartl Educational Complex of the Pitrufquen commune, in Chile. It is intended to investigate the effectiveness of the integrated curriculum through the assessment of achievement of the basic competencies of students who are in the 4th Middle Year of said specialty (with Dual mode), in direct relation to the required graduate and professional profile and in contrast, with that of students of the specialty of Electricity, without the Dual Modality. What is demonstrated by this research is that students achieve comprehensive development with the development of social, generic and technical skills, which will allow each one to face the world of work as a competent and comprehensive person.

Changes in African American and Latinx Students’ Perceived Ethnic–Racial Discrimination During the Middle School Transition Year

Changes in African American and Latinx Students’ Perceived Ethnic–Racial Discrimination During the Middle School Transition Year

Modeling Long-Term Water Allocation and Analysis of Alternative Strategic Scenarios in the Catchment Area of Bilate River, Rift Valley Lakes Basin, Ethiopia

A water shortage stress might have resulted from the extensive water resources development plan in the Bilate catchment owing to the rapidly growing population, irrigation development expansion, climatic variability, and socioeconomic development. Furthermore, the lack of sufficient knowledge about available water resources and lack of coordination in water resources management skills in the basin often aggravates the competition of fixed waterresources among the users. Therefore, modeling long-term water allocation should be implemented to determine the optimal allocation of water resources, maximize the overall benefits without compromising ecological requirements, and propose mitigation measures that may alleviate the problem of water scarcity during peak demand periods. The Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) model is generally used in the formulation and evaluation of alternative plansfor responding to water-related problems and water resources developments. To assist in the assessment of spatialtemporal streamflow simulations within watersheds, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) employed in the Bilate River and its sub-catchments. The Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration (IHA) and CROPWAT 8.0 software programs were used to estimate streamflow requirement (IFR) and the crop water requirement, respectively. Three development scenarios include the agricultural and socio-economic development effect, climatic change, and alternatives that were built in the long-term planning horizons (2013-2050). The modeling water allocation for each sub-catchment was done by considering the Ethiopian water allocation and apportionment criteria and water act priority order. The result revealed that agriculture growth (increasing irrigation projects) and socio-economic development caused a significant increase in water demand. Hence unmet water demands in different parts of the catchments were increased. Similarly, the effect of climatic variation scenarios has been increased unmet demands in the middle year of the planning horizon(2030-2050). Therefore, developing adaptation strategies scenarios helps to mitigate water scarcity and improve water availability for productive use.

فعالية طريقة المباشرة باستخدام لعبة الكرة الأسئلة لترقية مهارة الكلام

ABSTRACT As for the research method, which uses quantitative and experimental methods. The research design used is a quasi-experimental design (Quasi Eksperimental Design.). This study aims to find out: Is the direct method of using the question ball game an effective way to upgrade the speech skill of the seventh grade students of the Islamic middle school Nahdhat Al-Watan Krelico academic year 2019/2020. Based on the results of the independent test of the sample t above, we obtain the computational value t = 3,743 with significance level (p) 0.05 = 2.021. Based on the above computation, the computation of t is greater than table t, i.e. (3,743> 2.021) therefore, Ha is acceptable and Ho returns. This means that the direct method of using the question ball game is effective for improving speech skills among students of the seventh grade of the Islamic Middle School Nahdhat Al-Watan Kryliku for the academic year 2019/2020. Keywords: Direct Method, Ball Game Questions, and Speech Skill

Integrating Topics of Renewable Energy into the Science Curricula of the Middle Stage in Saudi Arabia

The present study aims to determine how far topics of renewable energy are included in the science curricula of the middle stage in Saudi Arabia. Thus, the study adopts the analytical descriptive approach. The sample comprised the science curricula of the second middle year (two semesters). The author developed and applied a form, whose validity and reliability had been verified, covering a list of topics about renewable energy to determine the significance of integrating those topics into the science curricula of the middle stage. The list included six major topics with sub-items related to renewable energy. Moreover, a tool was utilized to analyze the sample curricula to explore how far they tackled topics of renewable energy. The results revealed that the science curricula of the second middle year did not adequately cover renewable energy (only 16.62%). Accordingly, the study recommended reviewing the science curricula of the middle stage to ensure the integration of renewable energy and conducting further studies to explore how far renewable energy is integrated into the science curricula of different stages.

Evaluation of Smartphone Microscope Applications for Use in Middle Year Biology Classroom

Evaluation of Smartphone Microscope Applications for Use in Middle Year Biology Classroom

Mathematics Textbook Analysis among the International Baccalaureate Middle Year Programme and Mathematics I

Mathematics Textbook Analysis among the International Baccalaureate Middle Year Programme and Mathematics I

Assessment of Urban Heat Risk in Mountain Environments: A Case Study of Chongqing Metropolitan Area, China

For urban climatic environments, the urban heat island (UHI) effect resulting from land use and land cover change (LUCC) caused by human activities is rapidly becoming one of the most notable characteristics of urban climate change due to urban expansion. UHI effects have become a significant barrier to the process of urbanization and sustainable development of the urban ecological environment. Predicting the spatial and temporal patterns of the urban heat environment from the spatial relationship between land use and land surface temperature (LST) is key to predicting urban heat environment risk. This study established an Urban Heat Environment Risk Model (UHERM) as follows. First, the urban LST was normalized and classified during three different periods. Second, a Markov model was constructed based on spatio-temporal change in the urban heat environment between the initial year (2005) and middle year (2010), and then a cellular automata (CA) model was used to reveal spatial relationships between the urban heat environments of the two periods and land use in the initial year. The spatio-temporal pattern in a future year (2015) was predicted and the accuracy of the simulation was verified. Finally, the spatio-temporal pattern of urban heat environment risk was quantitatively forecasted based on the decision rule for the urban heat environment risk considering both the present and future status of the spatial characteristics of the urban heat environment. The MODIS LST product and LUCC dataset retrieved from remote sensing images were used to verify the accuracy of UHERM and to forecast the spatio-temporal pattern of urban heat environment risk during the period of 2015–2020. The results showed that the risk of urban heat environment is increasing in the Chongqing metropolitan area. This method for quantitatively evaluating the spatio-temporal pattern of urban heat environment risk could guide sustainable growth and provide effective theoretical and technical support for the regulation of urban spatial structure to minimize urban heat environment risk.

ANALISIS PERAN GURU SEBAGAI KOMUNIKATOR DALAM MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR PAK SISWA KELAS VIII

Abstract - This study aims to analyze how the role of the teacher as a communicator in increasing motivation to learn PAK class VIII SMP Negeri 1 Pangaribuan Learning Year 2018/2019. With the hypothesis the research is: the role of the teacher as a communicator in increasing students' PAK learning motivation 70% than expected. This study uses quantitative descriptive methods, with a population of 217 people and a sample of 34 people. Data was collected with a closed questionnaire instrument. The questionnaire trial was conducted on 32 students in Pangaribuan Middle School 1 who were not research respondents. Test the validity of the instrument using the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient formula obtained rcount rtable (0.351 to 0.689 0.349) so that the instrument is valid. Meanwhile there are 3 invalid items between the values of 0.134 to 0.233. And the reliability test of the instrument with the Cronbach Alpha formula obtained r11 = 0.903 is in the high category, so the instrument is reliable. The results of data analysis showed that the value of the formula t as testing criteria then obtained tcount t table of 6.029 1.697 means that the teacher acts as a communicator in increasing motivation to learn PAK class VIII Pangaribuan Middle School Learning Year 2018-2019 70% than expected. Thus the research hypothesis is accepted.Keywords: Teachers as Communicators, PAK Learning Motivation

Penerapan Model Problem Based Learning dan Model Project Based Learning terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa

The purpose of this study is to find out whether there are significant differences in learning outcomes between students whose learning uses PBL learning models with PjBL learning models in the Vibration and Wave material in Class VIII Belitang Madang Raya 3 Middle School Learning Year 2017/2018. The type of research used in this study is quantitative research methods. The population in this study were class VIII students in the Belitang State Junior High School 3 in Madang Raya consisting of 6 classes. The sampling technique in this study was carried out in a random manner through drawing existing classes. Data collection techniques to find out the learning outcomes of students using tests, and testing hypotheses using the z-test. Based on student learning outcomes after the test is obtained the average value of the experimental class I is 81.88 and the average value of the experimental class II is 73.2. There are significant differences in learning outcomes between students whose learning uses the PBL learning model with the PjBL learning model in the material of Vibration and Waves in Class VIII of the State Middle School 3 Belitang Madang Raya Learning Year 2017/2018. This can be seen from the value of Zhit = 39.3 not located between -1.96 and 1.96, so that H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted.
 Keywords: Problem Based Learning, Project Based Learning, Student Learning Outcomes.

Pengaruh Model Talking Stick Terhadap Kemampuan Menganalisis Unsur Intrinsik Puisi ODE Pada Siswa Kelas VIII SMP Negeri 1 Cigeulis

The method used in this study in an experimental method conducted in State Junior High School 1 Cigeulis Pandeglang regency by taking eight grade student in the academic year 2017/2018 as a population. As for the sample technique using classter random sampling. Lottery results for the five classes that were obtained werw class VIII-A as the experimental class and class VIII-B as the control class. Each class numbered 25 students. This the number of samples in this study was 50 students. Class A is given a talking stick model, while class B control is given an expository model. Based on testing the hypothesis it can be concluded that there is a positive influence on the use of the talking stick model on the ability to analyze the intrinsic element of ode poetry class VIII 1 Cigeulis middle school Pandeglang District Bnaten Academic Year 2017/2018. This result is based on t testing at the significance level α = 0,05 obtaine tcount = 9,225 ttable = 1,6814 with error rates 5% and dk = 48, then obtaine tcount > ttable. Yhus the value of decision H0 rejected (μ1 ≠ μ2) wich means significantly that there is an effect of using the talking stick model on the ability to analyze elements of ode poetry in class VIII junior high school 1 Cigeulis Pandeglang district Academic Year 2017/2018

Fair Play en la derrota deportiva

El Fair play, es uno de los contenidos importantes en el deporte escolar, ya que los centros educativos se enfocan ante todo en la formación integral de los niños y adolescentes, construyendo de esta manera una sociedad consecuente con los valores y derechos humanos. El objetivo del estudio es analizar el razonamiento moral de los/as escolares de tercer año medio, sobre la socialización tras una derrota deportiva, por medio de un dilema hipotético. La investigación respondió a una metodología cualitativa, en la que participaron 16 estudiantes de tercer año medio (10 hombres y 6 mujeres), con edades comprendidas entre los 16 y 17 años, pertenecientes a un colegio científico-humanista de la comuna de Quilpué, Chile. Los resultados indican seis dimensiones, que han sido percibidas por el alumnado como importantes para una manifestación de fair play ante la derrota deportiva y dos elementos que han de dificultar este objetivo. Se puede concluir que la educación valórica, la reflexión sobre la derrota y la inclusión de espacios de socialización entre los participantes de un encuentro competitivo, son factores identificados como relevantes para el fair play.

수학 학업성취도 및 정의적 요인과 사교육 참여 간의 관계에 관한 종단적 분석

This study used longitudinal data from the middle school year 2010 (1st grade in middle school) to 2015 (3rd grade in high school) in Seoul Education Longitudinal Study. Using the Potential Growth Mixed Modeling (LGMMs), it looked for patterns that similarly change in math achievement as the school grade goes up, and it divided into groups, and then the Simple Growth Models were compared for each group average. Beginning in the third year of junior high school, in case of the G1 (157 students, 5.83%) group that have low score in study vertical scaling and G2 group that have high score in study vertical scaling, the study vertical scaling scores are reversed after 2nd grade of high school, and in case of G3 group (2,308 students, 85.8%), there was no change in scores over the entire school year. And as a result of promoting Random Slopes to see the impact of the defined factors such as classroom attitude, satisfaction, and atmosphere on the average of study vertical scale scores, it shows that G1 group was not influenced by both classroom attitude, satisfaction and atmosphere and G2 group was influenced by class attitude and G3 group was influenced by class attitude and satisfaction. Based on the results of this study, it would like to explore implications and improvement method that can lead the school education reinforcing and shadow education reduction.

A JOURNEY FROM IB PRIMARY YEARS PROGRAMME TO MIDDLE YEARS PROGRAMME: TRANSITION AND ALIGNMENT IN THE SCIENCE CONTEXT

In International Baccalaureate programme, the transition from the Primary Years Programme to Middle Years Programme is associated with various complex challenges which often results in poor science academic performance of middle year students. These challenges can be attributed from more than one area, such as from students, teachers and from curriculum perspective. To reduce the challenges, transition strategies were designed and piloted such as the demonstration and experimentation. The demonstration helped to align the students understanding of some scientific terminologies while the experimentation was conducted to introduce the simplified lab report design that provided the students with basic knowledge on the experimental processes in the Middle Years and guided the students on the consistent use of the Modern Language Association format of referencing. This article evaluates various transition strategies which were found effective to aid the middle year students during the transition stage. Article visualizations:

Implementasi Metode Pembelajaran Diskusi Kelompok untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Proses Sains dan Hasil Belajar Siswa

The purpose of this study was to improve science process skills and cognitive learning outcomes of class XI students of Middle 1 Praya Middle school year 2017/2018. The subject of this study were 31 students of class XI IPA-3 Praya Tengah as many as 31 people. This type of research is classroom action research conducted in two cycles. Data collection techniques used observation techniques for the implementation of learning, and tests as many as 20 questions. The results of the learning implementation observation in the first cycle = 41% and in the second cycle was 66%. Cognitive learning outcomes of students reach an average in the first cycle of 56.6 with classical completeness of 38.70% and experienced an increase in the second cycle with an average of 64.35 with classical completeness of 54.83%. Thus, the method of group discussion can improve science process skills and cognitive learning outcomes of class XI Middle Praya 1 Middle School 2017/2018 academic year.

Teaching mathematics in Middle school in Algeria

We show that the middle school second-generation textbook of mathematics, for the first middle school year, is not committed to the new curriculum, at least from the point of view of the acquisition of competencies in problem solving. We present the structure of the textbook, and we study the resolved problems and the proposed problems and exercises to see the solving strategies that could emerge when solving these tasks. Finally, we conclude. Keywords: Curriculum, textbook, problem-solving, heuristics.

Type 2 diabetes, socioeconomic status and life expectancy in Scotland (2012\u20132014): a population-based observational study

Aims/hypothesisThe aim of this study was to assess the role of socioeconomic status (SES) in the associations between type 2 diabetes and life expectancy in a complete national population.MethodsAn observational population-based cohort study was performed using the Scottish Care Information – Diabetes database. Age-specific life expectancy (stratified by SES) was calculated for all individuals with type 2 diabetes in the age range 40–89 during the period 2012–2014, and for the remaining population of Scotland aged 40–89 without type 2 diabetes. Differences in life expectancy between the two groups were calculated.ResultsResults were based on 272,597 individuals with type 2 diabetes and 2.75 million people without type 2 diabetes (total for 2013, the middle calendar year of the study period). With the exception of deprived men aged 80–89, life expectancy in people with type 2 diabetes was significantly reduced (relative to the type 2 diabetes-free population) at all ages and levels of SES. Differences in life expectancy ranged from −5.5 years (95% CI −6.2, −4.8) for women aged 40–44 in the second most-deprived quintile of SES, to 0.1 years (95% CI −0.2, 0.4) for men aged 85–89 in the most-deprived quintile of SES. Observed life-expectancy deficits in those with type 2 diabetes were generally greater in women than in men.Conclusions/interpretationType 2 diabetes is associated with reduced life expectancy at almost all ages and levels of SES. Elimination of life-expectancy deficits in individuals with type 2 diabetes will require prevention and management strategies targeted at all social strata (not just deprived groups).

Forseeing energy photovoltaic output determination by a statistical model using real module temperature in the north east of France

Abstract The goal of the work carried out is firstly to achieve a model of parameters influencing the performance of photovoltaic (PV) energy output under real working conditions and secondly implementing the model into a single Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) that should be applied to energy management for future smart building design. Only the former aspect is discussed in this paper to guide the undergoing research laboratory theme of the latter as the GREEN platform is equipped with several renewable energy technologies for modeling, managing and optimization of energy consumption. It's well known that PV nominal specifications such as power output or energy yield of recent modules are evaluated by manufacturers under Standard Test Conditions (STC) that are generally not representative of real working conditions of solar modules. In this study, we showed high correlation between the operating cell temperature (Tc) and the measured back surface temperature (Tback) of polycrystalline PV modules in real experimental conditions. Methods used in previous study referred mainly to ambient temperature. An accurate relationship is derived for power output between solar irradiance φ (W/m2) and the back surface temperature and the calculated power output is compared to measured power output data with a high correlation coefficient. This power output is introduced in the Weibull probability density function to model the energy yield which is finally compared to real conditions recorded data. Good concordance is shown between the proposed model and measured data of energy yield for the middle year (2013) and last year (2016) of the seven years range experimental data of a semi continental zone. The model is ready to be implemented on FPGA chip to be compared to real working high temperature environment conditions.

Student leadership in the middle years: A matter of concern

Traditionally, student leadership has been seen as the prerogative of senior students. Very little research has been conducted on how schools nurture and develop leadership skills in students in the middle years of schooling. This article provides an overview of student leadership in six secondary schools with a particular focus on student leadership opportunities in the middle years. These schools were drawn from the Government, Catholic and Independent sectors in Western Australia. Specifically, the opinions and experiences of either principals or their delegates were sought in order to develop a sense of the importance placed on student leadership in the middle years and the types of leadership opportunities available to students. Initially, the literature is reviewed on student leadership per se and student leadership in the middle years. This review is followed by an outline of the purpose, research question and significance of the research. The research methodology is then explained, providing a summary of participants, the school contexts and methods of data collection and analysis. The subsequent section on results and discussion highlights three themes: the role of teacher leaders, student leadership structures in middle years and the holistic development of middle year students. The article concludes by providing a number of recommendations, in particular, the need to gain a ‘student voice’ in any understanding of student leadership at the middle school.

Contribution of Educational Special Grant on Equity of Local Educational Grant Allocation of Schools

이 논문은 단위학교를 대상으로 지방교육재정교부금이 재정형평화 기능을 수행하는데 특별교부금이 기여하고 있는지를 배분 측면에서 확인하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 보통교부금으로 배분되는 학교기본운영비가 2015년 공립 초·중·고등학교에 배분된 공평성을 측정하고 이에 특별교부금을 추가 배분한 후의 공평성을 측정한 결과를 비교하여 분배(distribution)의 개선이 이루어졌는지를 확인한다. 또한 학교를 시·도지역, 지역규모, 학교규모 등 하위집단으로 분해하였을 때 집단 간·집단 내 차이가 공평성에 어느 정도 기여하는지를 확인하였다. 공평성의 측정은 지니계수(Gini’s coefficient)를 적용하였고 하위집단별 공평성의 개선은 일반화된 엔트로피 지수 분해요법(generalized entropy index decomposition)을 적용하여 확인하였다. 분석 결과 특별교부금은 학교에 대한 지방교육재정교부금 배분의 공평성 제고에 제한적으로 기여하며 도지역, 읍지역과 면·도서벽지지역에 대한 분배가 개선되는 데 기여하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 특별교부금의 배분은 학교의 특성에 따른 구분한 하위집단 간 공평성보다는 집단 내 공평성에 더 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 초·중·고등학교 등 각 학교급 전체에 대한 재정 배분은 지니계수 0.5 이상으로 불공평한 것으로 나타났으나 지역규모나 학교규모로 구분하였을 때는 공평한 배분이 이루어지는 것으로 나타났다.This paper investigates the contribution of Educational Special Grant on fiscal equalization of Local Education Grant in terms of fiscal allocation in Korea. Analysis of equity of fiscal allocation implemented to measure distributional improvement of ex ante versus ex post of Educational Special Grant by Gini’s coefficient. And generalized entropy index is used to decompose equity index into within and between group for cities and province, scale of area and school size. Analysis targets are public elementary, middle, high schools and fiscal year of 2015. This empirical analysis shows Educational Special Grant contribute restrictively to distributional improvement of Local Educational Grant. Also Gini’s coefficient analysis indicates Educational Special Grant allocates more to relatively inferior groups of education environment. By decomposition of groups according to school’s characteristics, dedication to equity of within group is increased while between group is decreased. And fiscal allocation of school is influenced by scale of area and school size at local education governments level.